Quantitative Methods

• Massler and Frankel

• Malalignment index by van Kurt and Pennel
• Handicapping labiolingual deviation index by Draker
• Occlusal feature index by Poulton
• Malocclusion severity estimate by Grainger
• Occlusal index by Summer
• Treatment priority index by Grainger
• Handicapping malocclusion assessment record by Salzmann
• Index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) by Shaw

Dewey’s Modification of Angle’s Classification

Martin Dewey divided Angle’s Class I and Class III into further types. Angle’s Class I is divided into five
types while Class III is divided into three types. Angle’s Class II malocclusion has no types.

Class I
Dewey divided Angle’s Class I into the following types:
1. Bunched or crowded maxillary anterior teeth. The canines may be in axiversion, labioversion or
infraversion. Other versions of individual teeth may be present.
2. Maxillary incisors are in labioversion.
3. The maxillary incisor teeth are in linguoversion to the mandibular incisor teeth. This type can be
mistaken for Class III Angle.
4. The molars, occasionally also the premolars, are in buccoversion or linguoversion, but the incisors and the
canines are in normal alignment and the dental arches and body of the mandible are in normal relationship.
5. The molars are in mesioversion due to shifting following loss of teeth in positions anterior to the mo-
lars; the rest of the teeth are in normal relation.

Class III
Dewey also added the following modifications to Angle’s Class III malocclusion:
• Type 1: The dental arches are well formed and the teeth are in normal alignment in the respective
arches when viewed individually. There is an edge-to-edge bite when the attempt is made to
approximate the dental arches, as represented by the casts in occlusal relationship. There is an
appearance in these cases suggesting that the mandibular dental arch has been moved forward bodily.
• Type 2: The mandibular incisors are crowded and in lingual relation to the maxillary incisors.
• Type 3: The maxillary arch is underdeveloped. The maxillary incisors are crowded. The mandibular arch is well
developed and the mandibular teeth are in normal alignment.

Crowding is a condition where there is malalignment of teeth caused by inadequate space

Spacing is Imperfections in the teeth alignment and distance, wherein there is gap between two teeth or many
teeth.

Rotation is malposition due to abnormal turning of a tooth to its long axis. Rotation can be defined as the spinning
of the tooth around its long axis.

Deep bite describes a condition of excessive overbite, where the vertical measurement between the maxillary and
mandibular incisal margins is excessive when the mandible is brought into habitual or centric occlusion.
The term ‘overbite’ applies to the distance that the maxillary incisal margin closes vertically past the mandibular incisal margin
when the teeth are brought into habitual or centric occlusion.

Crossbite’ refers to a condition where one or more teeth may be abnormally malposed buccally, lingually or labially with
reference to the opposing tooth or teeth

Scissors bite’ applies to total maxillary buccal (or mandibular lingual) crossbite, with the mandibular dentition completely
contained within the maxillary dentition in habitual occlusion. 2

‘Open bite’ is descriptive of a condition where a space exists between the occlusal or incisal surfaces of maxillary and
mandibular teeth in the buccal or anterior segments when the mandible is brought into habitual or centric occlusion.

Overjet’ is a horizontal measurement referring to the distance between the lingual aspect of the maxillary incisors and the labial
surface of the mandibular incisors when the teeth are in habitual or centric occlusion.

Daftar periksa STROBE adalah daftar periksa sebanyak 22 yang digunakan pada pedoman STROBE. Daftar tersebut terdiri dari

1. Judul & abstrak

Pendahuluan
2. Latar belakang
3. Tujuan
Metode
4. Desain penelitian
5. Setting
6. Partisipan
7. Variabel
8. Sumber data/Pengukuran
9. Bias
10. Ukuran penelitian
11. VAriabel kuantitatif
12. Metode statistic
Hasil
13. Partisipan
14. Data deskriptif
15. Hasil data
16. Hasil utama
17. Analisis lainnya
Diskusi
18. Hasil kunci
19. Batasan
20. Interpretasi
21. Generalisasi
Informasi lain
22. Pendanaan