1. Who is Holy Spirit according to the Bible (OT and NT)?

In the Old Testament, the "Spirit" personifies God's creative presence and activity. The
Hebrew word rûach can mean breath, wind, the principle of life, or spirit, depending on
the context.
In the New Testament, “Spirit” and “grace” are practically synonymous terms for
God’s life in us. For Paul especially, the Spirit is the animating principle or power of life
in the church. Paul describes the Spirit of God as present and active in the community.
The church is the temple or household of God, the "dwelling place of God in the Spirit"
(Eph 2:19-22; cf. 1 Cor 3:16).
In the Fourth Gospel, the Father sends "another Advocate to be with [the disciples]
always, the Spirit of truth". Paul describes the Spirit as "love, joy, peace, patience,
kindness, generosity, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control". There are passages in Paul
that describe the Spirit acting in the way that a person does. The Spirit, called the
Advocate, serves to unite the church as a community of disciples guided by the Spirit.
From 2 Cor 1:21-22, Paul's formulas speak of God's salvation or life in Christ and with
the Spirit. "The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God and the fellowship
[koinønia] of the Holy Spirit be with all of you". (2 Cor 13:13). The church baptismal
formula comes from Matthew 28:19, with the risen Christ's instruction to baptize "in the
name of the Father, and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit" Both are more properly
trinitarian in form, both associate the Spirit with the Father and the Son.
2. Explain: “The doctrine of the Holy Spirit is an expression of our share in the
divine life, the inner life of God revealed in Jesus and bringing us new life (in the
Holy Spirit)”?
The doctrine of the Holy Spirit is an expression of our share in the divine life, the inner
life of God revealed in Jesus and bringing us new life (in the Holy Spirit). This word can
understand that the Holy Spirit comes into our hearts to lead us to know God as our
heavenly Father. At the same time, with His help, our relationship with Jesus is
renewed. And once our relationship with Jesus is renewed, our lives will also be renewed.
During his public ministry, Jesus gradually hints at the Holy Spirit (John 3:5-8; 4:23-
24). As he was about to enter his passion, Jesus promised that the Holy Spirit would
come. He is the Spirit of Truth, another Advocate, sent by the Father in the name of
Jesus. The Holy Spirit will be with us forever, reminding us of what Jesus said, leading
us to the full truth (cf. Jn 14:16-17; 16.7-15). Finally, the Hour of Jesus has come, he
commits his spirit into the Father's hands (Jn 19:30). When he rose from the dead, he
"breathed" on his disciples the Holy Spirit (John 20:22). From that hour on, Christ's
mission becomes that of the Church: "As the Father has sent me, so am I sending you"
(Jn 20:21).
 3. Explain four marks of the Church: The Church is one, holy, Catholic,
and apostolic?
The church is one
The Catholic Church claims a unity visibly expressed by the bonds of a common faith,
sacraments, ecclesiastical government, and communion with the Pope.
Orthodox Christians see the local church as a full church though some Orthodox
theologians acknowledge that unity is more an abstract ideal than something that can be
manifested in the real life of the church.
The church is holy
The church is holy because of God's presence in its members (1 Cor 12:27), "a
dwelling place of God in the Spirit" (Eph 2:21-22), and it calls all the baptized to the
holiness of life (LG 5). The early New Testament documents refer to Christians as the
holy ones or saints (hagioi; Rom 1:7; 12:13; 1 Cor 14:33; Phil 4:22).
The church is Catholic
Many churches claim catholicity because the word "catholic" is confessed in the
creeds, though they interpret it differently. Orthodox Christians argue that each local
church as a eucharistic community is fully catholic, representing the one body of Christ
in its totality and completeness. Some evangelicals remain reluctant to use the word
catholic and many Free Church commentators tend to reduce Catholicity to an
eschatological characteristic.
The church is apostolic
Pope Benedict XVI: Church of every age should be "apostolic," living in continuity
with the church of the apostles. The bishops personify the church's unity with her source,
according to Joseph Ratzinger. Pentecostals stress succession in apostolic life,
particularly in charismatic gifts. Catholicity does not mean simply full, but universal, in
contrast to what is local or particular. This is known as apostolic succession.