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Book of Quranio Arabic Shkkha
Book of Quranio Arabic Shkkha
by
Abdul Wahid Hamid
Rendered into Bangla by : Muhammad Abu Hena
Edited by : Muhammad Yeahia
2 KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv
Copyright ©
www.studyalqurantounderstand.org
(A non-profit,non-sectarian, organisation working for propagation of Quranic knowledge)
email: info@studyalqurantounderstand.org
Funds generated from the dissemination of this ‘Dictionary’ will be reinvested in it’s reprinting.
149 East Raja Bazar, Sher - E- Bangla Nagor, Tejgoan, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
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ISBN : 984-300-002680-6
ِ ٰ ٓي َايا ا َّل ِذ ْي َن امنُوا است
َج ْي ُب ْوا ْ َ َ ُّه
ي ِي ْيك ُْم ِ ِ ِ ِ
ْ ُِلهلِِ َول َّلر ُس ْول ا َذا َد َعاك ُْم ل اَـم ح
`qvgq, cig `qvjy Avjøvni bv‡g
†n gyÕwgbMY! †Zvgiv mvov w`‡e Avjøvn I
ivmy‡ji cÖwZ hLb †Zvgv‡`i‡K WvKv nq
H w`‡K hv †Zvgv‡`i‡K cÖvYešÍ K‡i|
(m~iv Avbdvj 8 t 24)
Acknowledgement
Acknowledge with thanks the permission (communicated
through e-mail of 15th August, 2006) by the author of the
three course books titled “Access to Qur’anic Arabic”
written in English by Abdul Wahid Hamid to
translate in Bangla language, print and
market in Bangladesh. May the
Almighty Allah bestow proper
rewards to him.
m~PxcÎ
welq c„ôv
Abyev`‡Ki Dc¯’vcbv ... 8
m¤úv`‡Ki wb‡e`b ... 10
g~j †jL‡Ki f~wgKvi mvivsk ... 11
Z…Zxq ms¯‹i‡Yi K_v ... 13
Aa¨vq
Aa¨vq 1 : we‡kl¨, me©bvg Ges we‡klY- cyswj½ ... 14
Aa¨vq 2 : we‡kl¨, me©bvg Ges we‡klY- ¯¿xwj½ ... 16
Aa¨vq 3 : we‡kl¨, me©bvg Ges we‡klY- Awbw`©ó ... 18
Aa¨vq 4 : we‡kl¨ I we‡klY- wbw`©ó ... 20
Aa¨vq 5 : we‡kl¨ Ges we‡klY- ePb ... 22
Aa¨vq 6 : we‡kl¨, we‡klY, me©bvg ... 24
Aa¨vq 7 : mshy³ me©bvgmg~n ... 26
Aa¨vq 8 : m¤^×m~PK Ae¨q ... 28
َّ ِ إGes ÔZvi fwMbxMYÕ
Aa¨vq 9 : ن ... 30
Aa¨vq 10 : B`vdv MVb (AwaKvi) ... 32
Aa¨vq 11 : g~j kã, g~j A¶i I kãiƒc ... 34
Aa¨vq 12 : wµqv w`‡q ev‡K¨i cÖvi¤¢ ... 36
Aa¨vq 13 : wµqv: AZxZKvj, GKePb ... 38
Aa¨vq 14 : wµqv: AZxZKvj, GKePb, wØePb I eûePb ... 40
Aa¨vq 15 : wµqv: AZxZKvj, wj½ ... 42
Aa¨vq 16 : wµqv: AZxZKvj, cyiæl ... 44
Aa¨vq 17 : wµqv: AZxZKvj, KZ©„evP¨ I Kg©evP¨ ... 46
َ َقGi AZxZKvj
Aa¨vq 18 : ال ... 48
6 KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv
ms‡hvRbx
ms‡hvRbx 1 : evsjv, Bs‡iRx I Aviwe cvwifvwlK kãvejx ... 128
ms‡hvRbx 2 : cwifvlv I Zv‡`i msÁv ... 130
ms‡hvRbx 3 : g~j wµqv n‡Z D™¢vweZ wµqvi wewfbœ iƒc ... 134
ms‡hvRbx 4 : g~j wµqvi wµqvevPK we‡kl¨ Gi bgybv (Pattern) ... 135
ms‡hvRbx 5 : D™¢vweZ wµqvi wµqvevPK we‡kl¨ Gi bgybv (Pattern) ... 138
ms‡hvRbx 6 : D™¢vweZ wµqv n‡Z KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨ I Kg©evPK we‡kl¨ MV‡bi bgybv (Pattern) ... 139
ِ َا ْلGi iƒcvšÍ‡ii we‡kl wbqg
ms‡hvRbx 7 : gyÕZvj wµqv ـم َث ُال ... 140
ُ َا أْلَ ْج َوGi iƒcvšÍ‡ii we‡kl wbqg
ms‡hvRbx 8 : gyÕZvj wµqv ف ... 141
ِ
ms‡hvRbx 9 : gyÕZvj wµqv صُ َا ْلنَاقGi iƒcvšÍ‡ii we‡kl wbqg ... 145
ms‡hvRbx 10 : gyÕZvj wµqv ف ُ َا ْلGi iƒcvšÍ‡ii we‡kl wbqg
ُ ـم َض َّع ... 148
ms‡hvRbx 11 : PgK I we¯§q cÖKvkK wµqvi MVb cÖYvjx ... 149
ms‡hvRbx 12 : Ae¨q ev Particles (ف
ٌ ) ُح ُر ْو ... 150
8 KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv
Abyev`‡Ki Dc¯’vcbv
wemwgjøvwni ivn&gvwbi ivnxg
KyiAvb nj ivmyj (mt)-Gi cÖvYešÍ A‡jŠwKK NUbv| G‡Z wReªvBj (Avt) Gi gva¨‡g Avjøvni evYx ivmyj
(mt) Gi Kv‡Q cÖKvk e¨ZxZ Ab¨ wKQy AšÍf©y³ bvB| G‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q Avgiv †Kv_v ‡_‡K G‡mwQ, †Kv_vq
hvw”Q, g„Zz¨i c‡i Avgv‡`i wK n‡e| KyiAvb Avgv‡`i RvbœvZ bvgK wPi¯’vqx cig my‡Li ¯’v‡b wb‡q hvevi mij
c_ cÖ`k©b K‡i Ges †h mg¯Í euvKv c_ Rvnvbœvg bvgK wPi¯’vqx biK †fv‡Mi ¯’v‡b wb‡q hvq Zv AbymiY Kiv
†_‡K Avgv‡`i‡K mZK© K‡i †`q| GUv ‡hgb e¨w³i Rb¨ †Zgb iv‡óªi Rb¨I ˆbwZK wbqgvejx cÖ`vb K‡i|
†h KyiAvb‡K Zvi c_ cÖ`k©K K‡i †bq †m wec‡_ †h‡Z cv‡i bv| KziAv‡bi c_ cÖ`k©b AMÖvn¨ K‡i †KD
mg„w× jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| AvKvsLx
KyiAvb‡K Aek¨B Avgv‡`i c_ cª`k©K I †bZ…Z¡`vbKvix evbv‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡`i Aek¨B GUv Aviwe fvlvq
c‡o A_© eyS‡Z n‡e I wkL‡Z n‡e Ges Avgv‡`i mšÍvb‡`i‡KI Aek¨B †kLv‡Z n‡e| Ávb AvniY Kiv
cÖ‡Z¨K gymwjg bibvixi KZ©e¨ cÖvqB DׄZ nvw`‡m KyiAvb co‡Z †kLv GB Áv‡bi GKwU Ask| GB Ávb
AR©b Ki‡Z n‡j GKR‡bi me©v‡MÖ hv Aek¨B cÖ‡qvRb Zvnj e¨eüZ kãvewj, e¨vKiY, iƒcKvj¼vi Ges
evM&‰ewkô¨mn K¬vwmKvj (cÖvPxb Kv‡j e¨eüZ) Aviwe fvlvi Dci ewjô KZ…©Z¡ AR©b Kiv|
Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †ekxi fvM gymjgvb cwiev‡i †QvU †ejv‡ZB †Q‡j †g‡q‡`i KyiAvb cov wk¶v †`Iqv
nq| wKš‘ Aviwe fvlvi e¨vKiY I kãv_© †kLv‡bv nq bv| d‡j GB †Q‡j‡g‡qiv KyiAv‡bi A_© Rvb‡Z I
wkL‡Z cv‡i bv| †h me †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i‡K gv`ivmvq fwZ© Kiv nq Zviv e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ mvaviY jvB‡b cvViZ
wk¶v_©x‡`i Avi KyiAv‡bi m‡½ mswkóZv _v‡K bv| GB me wk¶v_©xiv ciewZ©Kv‡j D”P wk¶v MÖnY K‡i wewfbœ
†ckvq wb‡qvwRZ n‡q hvq| G‡`i A‡b‡K mviv Rxeb a‡i bvgvh co‡jI Ges KyiAvb Ave„wË Ki‡jI m~iv
wKi-Av‡Zi A_© bv ey‡S g‡š¿i gZ c‡o hvq| d‡j KyiAv‡bi Ávb Zv‡`i AšÍ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i bv| eqmKv‡j
hLb ‡ev‡av`q nq ZLb A‡b‡K AvšÍwiK cÖ‡Póv MÖnY K‡ib KyiAv‡bi fvlv †kLvi Rb¨| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i †`‡k
GB ai‡Yi mvaviY jvB‡b evsjv Bs‡iwR wk¶vq wkw¶Z eq¯‹ bibvix‡`i Aviwe fvlv I e¨vKiY †kLvi Rb¨
Dchy³ †Kv‡bv AvbyôvwbK wk¶v cÖwZôvb bvB Ges cvV¨µgI bvB| cÖexb e¨w³eM© ¯^-D‡`¨v‡M KyiAv‡bi Aviwe
fvlv †kLvi cÖ‡Póv MÖnY Ki‡jI gv`ivmvq †h me e¨vKiY †kLv‡bv nq †m¸wj GB me eq¯‹ wk¶v_©©x‡`i Kv‡Q
`y‡e©va¨ g‡b nq, d‡j AwP‡iB Zviv AvMÖn nvwi‡q †d‡jb|
GKevi GB cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbvKv‡j we‡`‡k PvKixiZ Avgvi †Q‡j cÖ‡KŠkjx Avey mvC` eq¯‹ wk¶vµg wnmv‡e
we‡`‡k Bs‡iwR - Aviwe fvlvq mdjfv‡e cwiPvwjZ Ges eû RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡i‡Q Ggb GKwU cvV¨µg
m¤^‡Ü D‡jøL K‡i| AZtci AcÖwZôvwbK eq¯‹ wk¶vµg Pvjy Kivi civgk© w`‡q †m wZbwU eB Avgvi Kv‡Q
cvwV‡q †`q| GB cvV¨µgwUi gva¨‡g Ave`yj nvwg` Iqvwn` bv‡g R‰bK †jL‡Ki Access to Qur’anic
Arabic- Text Book, Work Book Ges Selection Book kxl©K wZbwU cy¯ÍK cov‡bv nq|
D³ †Kvm©wU cix¶vg~jKfv‡e Kg©Rxeb n‡Z AemicÖvß K‡qKRb cÖexY wk¶v_©x‡`i g‡a¨ Pvjy Kiv n‡j GB
eB¸wji RbwcÖqZv I Pvwn`v evo‡Z _v‡K| Gici †ek wKQy wkw¶Zv gwnjv GB wk¶vµ‡g Ask MÖnY Kivi
AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡ib Ges Bs‡iwR-Aviwe‡Z iwPZ eB¸wj evsjv Aviwe fvlvq Abyev` Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe
Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| A_©mnKv‡i KyiAv‡bi Ávb AR©b Kivi GB Drmv‡n mvov w`‡q Access to Qur’anic Arabic-
Text Book, Work Book Ges Selection Book cvV¨µ‡gi wZbwU eB evsjvq Abyev` K‡i evsjv‡`‡k cÖKvk
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 9
Kivi Rb¨ eBwUi g~j †jLK Avãyj Iqvwn` nvwg` mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q AbygwZ PvB‡j wZwb mvb‡›` AbygwZ †`b Ges
GB gnwZ D‡`¨v‡Mi mvdj¨ Kvgbv K‡ib| AZtci cvV¨µ‡gi cÖ_g eBwU h_v Text Book evsjvq Abyev` K‡i
bvg †`Iqv nj : KyiAvbxq Aviwe wk¶v |
Avgiv A‡b‡KB Bs‡iwR I evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi msÁv fy‡j wM‡qwQ| GB Rb¨ cvV¨µgwU mnR‡eva¨ Kivi j‡¶¨
g~j eBwU‡Z e¨eüZ Bs‡iwR I Aviwe cwifvlv¸wji h_vh_ evsjv msÁv ms‡hvRbx‡Z cwi‡ekb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wk¶v_©x‡`i myweav‡_© eBwU‡Z Aviwe fvlvi e¨vKiYMZ wKQy ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨vw` ms‡hvRbx AvKv‡i cwi‡ekb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| GB eBwU m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb AemicÖvß D”P c`¯’ miKvix Kg©KZ©v cÖ‡KŠkjx Rbve †gvnv¤§v` Bqvwnqv,
whwb m¤ú~Y© wbR D‡`¨v‡M KyiAvbxq Aviwe fvlvq ÁvbvR©b K‡i‡Qb Ges KyiAvbxq e¨vKi‡Yi GKRb we‡klÁ
wnmv‡e MZ cÖvq 18/20 ermi a‡i AcÖwZôvwbK chv©‡q KyiAvb ey‡S covi wk¶vµ‡g `¶Zvi m‡½ Aa¨vcbvi
KvR Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Qb|
GB eBwU cÖYqb, gy`ªY I cwi‡ekbvi Kv‡R cÖ‡KŠkjx Avey mvC`, Rbve iæûj Avwgb I Zuvi ag©wbô mnawg©Yx
Rbvev mvjgv Avgxb, †gRi (Aet) ˆmq` Ave`yj gvbœvb, cÖ‡KŠkjx Rbve gÄyi nvmvb, Rbve byiæj û`v,
cÖ‡KŠkjx Rbve †gvnv¤§` Bqvwnqv, cÖ‡KŠkjx Rbve Aveyj û‡mb, Wv³vi Zvbfxi nvmvb, Rbve kwdDj Avjg
Ges AviI A‡b‡K Avgv‡K mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb| nv‡dh Avey Avn‡g`, Rbve wmwÏKzi ingvb Ges
Rbve mv‡R`yi ingvb Avgv‡K cvÛywjwc cÖYq‡b mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb| Avwg G‡`i mevi Kv‡Q Ges we‡kl
K‡i GB cvV¨µgwUi g~j †jLK Rbve Avãyj Iqvwn` nvwg` whwb evsjvq Abyev`, g~`ªb I cÖKvkbvi AbygwZ
w`‡q‡Qb Zvi Kv‡Q K…ZÁ| RvhvKvjøvn Lvqiæb|
Avjøvn †hb Avgv‡`i GB †bK cÖ‡Póv‡K MÖnY K‡ib Ges D‡`¨vMx wk¶v_©xMY‡K GB cy¯Í‡Ki gva¨‡g KyiAv‡bi
Ávb AR©b I A_© ey‡S covi cÖ‡Póv‡K mnR K‡i †`b GB †gvbvRvZ Kwi| Avgv‡`i mK‡ji Dci Avjøvni
kvwšÍ I AbyMÖn ewl©Z †nvK| Avgxb|
m¤úv`‡Ki wb‡e`b
Avjnvg`ywjjøvn, mg¯Í cÖksmv GKgvÎ Avjøvni| mvjvZ I mvjvg ewl©Z †nvK †kl bex gynv¤§v`yi imyjyjøvn (mt)
Gi Dci, Zuvi mnawg©bx, eskai, mnPie„›` I wKqvgZ ch©šÍ Zuvi c`v¼ AbymiYKvix‡`i Dci|
KyiAvb Avgv‡`i Bn‡jŠwKK I cvi‡jŠwKK Rxe‡bi msweavb| ZvB KyiAvb‡K cybtcyb fvj K‡i ey‡S c‡o,
KyiAvb n‡Z wk¶v MÖnY K‡i, Avgv‡`i Rxeb‡K cwiPvwjZ Ki‡Z n‡e| GB Kvi‡Y KyiAvb ey‡S cov Avgv‡`i
Rb¨ Riæix| †h‡nZz KyiAv‡bi fvlv Aviwe, KyiAvb eyS‡Z n‡j Aviwe fvlv Rvb‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki
gv`ivmvq Aviwe wkLv‡bv nq| wKš‘ ‡h‡nZz gv`ªvmvi wk¶vcÖYvjx GKwU `xN© †gqv`x cvV¨µg AbymiY K‡i
†m‡nZz K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vj‡q wkw¶Z †jvKR‡bi c‡¶ gv`ivmvq fwZ© n‡q Aviwe †kLv A_ev H cvV¨µg
AbymiY K‡i wb‡R wb‡R Aviwe †kLv Lye KwVb| ZvB mvaviY wkw¶Z †jvK‡`i Rb¨ KyiAvb ey‡S covi
myweav‡_© Avjøvni we‡kl ing‡Z KyiAvbxq Aviwe †kLvi Rb¨ Bs‡iwR fvlvq Avãyj Iqvwn` nvwg` KZ…©K 3
L‡Û cÖYxZ Access to Qur’anic Arabic kxl©K Av‡jvob m„wóKvix cvV¨µgwUi cÖ_g LÛ (Text Book) evsjvq
cÖKvk †c‡Z hv‡”Q| GB eBwUi evsjv bvg †`Iqv n‡q‡Q- ÔKyiAvbxq Aviwe wk¶vÕ|
Av‡jvP¨ cvV¨µgwU Aviwe fvlvq K_v ejv ev Abyev` Kiv wk¶v †`evi Rb¨ cÖYxZ bq, g~jZ KyiAvbxq Aviwei
A_© †kLvi Rb¨ KyiAvbxq kã, evM&‰ewkó¨ I evK¨mg~n e¨envi K‡i Aviwe fvlvi †gŠwjK e¨vKiY I KvVv‡gv
m¤^‡Ü cvV¨µg cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| g~j Bs‡iwR eB wZbwU‡Z ÔDmgvbx g~`ªv¶iÕ (Uthmani Script) e¨envi
K‡i Aviwe †jLv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖPwjZ KyiAvb Ôgvwh`x g~`ªv¶‡iÕ (Majidi Script) wjwLZ
weavq wk¶v_©x‡`i myweav‡_© evsjvq Ab~w`Z GB cvV¨cy¯ÍKwUi AviweI gvwh`x g~`ªv¶‡i ‡jLv n‡q‡Q| D‡jL¨
†h `yB ai‡Yi g~`ªv¶‡i †jLvi c×wZMZ wKQyUv wfbœZv _vK‡jI D”Pvi‡Yi †ejvq †Kv‡bv †ni‡di bvB A_©vr
`yB c×wZi g~`ªv¶‡ii D”PviY GKB|
wk¶v_©x‡`i myweav‡_© g~j Bs‡iwR eB‡Z †h me Bs‡iwR I Aviwe e¨vKiYMZ cwifvwlK kãvewj e¨envi Kiv
n‡q‡Q †m¸wji K‡qKwUi msÁv I Zv‡`i h_vh_ evsjv e¨vKiYMZ cwifvlv GB eBwUi †k‡l ms‡hvRbx
AvKv‡i cwi‡ekb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Avgiv g‡b Kwi eBLvwb cÖKvwkZ n‡j AvMÖnx wk¶v_©xiv hviv gv`ivmvq †jLvcov bv K‡i mvaviY jvB‡b wkw¶Z
n‡q‡Qb Ges †Kv‡bv AvbyôvwbK wk¶v Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g bv wM‡q wb‡R wb‡R Aa¨qb K‡i (Self- study Gi
gva¨‡g) KyiAvb co‡Z I A_© eyS‡Z eªZx n‡eb Zviv Aek¨B GB eBwU AbymiY K‡i we‡klfv‡e DcK…Z n‡eb
G‡Z †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB|
GB eBwU Abyev`, g~`ªY I cÖKvk Ki‡Z hv‡`i wewfbœfv‡e mswkøóZv i‡q‡Q Zv‡`i Ges GB eBwU AbymiY K‡i
†h me gymwjg bibvix DcK…Z n‡eb Zv‡`i mKj‡K BnKv‡j I ciKv‡j Avjøvn Dchy³ cyi¯‹vi cÖ`vb Kiæb|
Avjøvû¤§v Avgxb|
D‡Ïk¨
KziAvb cvVKvixMY hv‡Z h_vkxNª mn‡R †KviAvb eyS‡Z cv‡i †mUvB D‡Ïk¨| GB D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨
ch©vqµ‡g e¨vKiY Ges KyiAv‡bi Aviwe k‡ãi MV‡bi aviYv †`qv n‡q‡Q Ges KyiAv‡b †h mg¯Í kã ‡ek
NbNb Avwe©f~Z n‡q‡Q †m¸wj e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cvV¨µgwU Aviwe‡Z K_v ejv ev Abyev` Kivi `¶Zv
AR©b wk¶v †`‡e bv|
†hvM¨Zv:
Avgiv a‡i wb‡qwQ †h GB cvV¨µ‡g AskMÖnYKvixMY Aviwe co‡Z Ges wjL‡Z cv‡ib| hviv cv‡ib bv Zuv‡`i
MEL’s Graded steps in Arabic materials for reading and writing the Arabic script and reading the Quran
kxl©K cvV¨µgwU AbymiY Ki‡Z civgk© †`qv n‡”Q|
cvV¨µ‡gi Dcv`vb
†gŠwjK e¨vKiY Ges KyiAv‡bi kãmg~n e¨envi K‡i Aviwei MVbcÖYvjx, evM&‰ewkó¨ (Phrase) Ges evK¨mg~n
g~j cvV¨cy¯ÍKwU‡Z cÖvq m¤ú~Y©fv‡e AšÍfy©³ n‡q‡Q| wKQy msL¨K KyiAvb ewnf~©Z ev&M&‰ewkó¨ I ev‡K¨i e¨enviI
D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| c„ôv web¨vm I cwiKíbv cvV¨µ‡gi Aa¨vq¸wj‡K AbymiY Kiv mnR Ki‡e|
cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q KyiAv‡b cybtc~b D‡jøL Kivi Dci wfwË K‡i †KejgvÎ mxwgZ msL¨K kãm~wP e¨envi Kiv
n‡q‡Q| GB cvV¨µ‡g 3wU kã ZvwjKv Av‡Q| 100 ev‡ii AwaK e¨eüZ kã I †m¸wj †_‡K m„ó kãmg~n
cÖ_g ZvwjKvq †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| 50 †_‡K 100 evi e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q Ggb kãmg~n wØZxq ZvwjKvq Ges; 3q
ZvwjKvq 25 †_‡K 49 evi e¨eüZ kãmg~n i‡q‡Q| mKj m„ó kã kãZvwjKvq Avbv nqwb|
GB c×wZi `yBUv mydj i‡q‡Q| wk¶v_©xiv cÖ_g †_‡KB AwaK msL¨K kã g‡b ivLvi Pv‡ci m¤§yLxb n‡e bv|
wbw`©ó msL¨K kã Avq‡Ë Avbvi d‡j wk¶v_©xiv mn‡R I Aí mg‡q eyS‡Z cvi‡e|
cvV¨cy¯Í‡K cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi Rb¨ Avjv`v Abykxjbx Ges AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq AwaKZi Abykxjb Ges Aviwe fvlvi
MVb cÖYvjx i‡q‡Q| †h mg¯Í evM&‰ewkó¨ I evK¨ Abykxjbx‡Z e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q †m¸wjI KyiAvb †_‡K
†bIqv n‡q‡Q Ges kã ZvwjKv cÖavbZ H¸wj hv g~j cvV¨cy¯Í‡K e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GB cvV¨cy¯ÍKwU wb‡R wb‡R cov I †kLv QvovI K¬v‡m †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv hvq| wb‡R wb‡R †kLvi
†¶‡ÎI †hvM¨ wk¶‡Ki wb‡`©kbvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i|
Avgiv Avkv Kwi GB cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki wk¶v_©x‡`i AviI D”PZi ¯Í‡ii KyiAvb I Aviwe fvlv wk¶vi e¨vcv‡i
AbycÖvwYZ Ki‡e| hviv AviI D”P¯Í‡i AMÖmi n‡Z Pvb Zv‡`i Rb¨ GB cvV¨cy¯ÍK n‡”Q AMÖmi nevi m~Pbv|
Aek¨ GLv‡b D‡jL¨ †h, e¨vKiY, KyiAv‡bi Aviwei MVb Ges cÖvPxb I AvaywbK mvwnZ¨vbyM Aviwe ev¯ÍweK
12 KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv
Abyiƒc, Gi Rb¨ AwZkq ¸iæZ¡ I KyiAv‡bi wb‡R‡K msi¶Y eûjvs‡k ab¨ev‡`i †hvM¨| D”P¯Í‡i covi
Rb¨ GB cvV¨ cy¯ÍKwUi †k‡l wKQy civgk© †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|
cix¶v
cwievi Ges eÜzevÜemn wkï I eqmx‡`i Dci cix¶v K‡i GB cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cÖwµqvq
hviv Ask MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`i cÖwZ Avgiv K…ZÁ Ges cÖv_©bv Kwi †hb Zuviv Ges Ab¨ hviv GUv e¨envi Ki‡eb
Zuviv KyiAvb †ekx †ekx Abyaveb Ki‡Z, DËgiƒ‡c Dcjwä Ki‡Z, AbymiY Ki‡Z Ges mviv Rxebe¨vcx
AbycÖvwYZ n‡Z cvi‡eb|
gšÍe¨ I civgk©
GB cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki DrKl©Zvi Rb¨ wk¶K, QvÎ I hviv wb‡R wb‡R Aa¨qb K‡ib Zv‡`i mn GB cvV¨cy¯ÍK
e¨enviKvix‡`i †h †Kvb ai‡Yi gšÍe¨ I civgk© cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Avgiv we‡kl K…ZÁ _vKe|
Avwg cÖv_©bv Kwi Avjøvn me©kw³gvb †hb Avgv‡`i GB cÖ‡Póv Keyj K‡ib Ges KyiAvb, hv ev¯Í‡ei m‡½
gvbeKz‡ji GKgvÎ wbf©i‡hvM¨ †hvMm~Î Zv Avwe¯‹v‡ii c‡_ wb‡q †h‡Z Ges Gi Øviv Avgv‡`i Rxeb‡K
Av`k©vbyhvqx MVb Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡ib| Ges hLb wePvi w`em AvMZ n‡e ZLb †hb KyiAvb Avgv‡`i weiæ‡×
bq, eis Avgv‡`i Rb¨ cÖvgvwYK mv¶¨ `vb K‡i|
Avgiv Zuvi mvnvh¨ Ges c_wb‡`©k PvB Ges Aby‡kvPbv Ges K…ZÁZv wb‡q Zuvi w`‡K wdwi| Ges Zuvi gnvb
Pwi‡Îi evZ©ven, `xwßgvb Av‡jvK ms‡KZ, D¤§x ivm~‡ji Dci †hb Zuvi kvwšÍ Ges Avkxe©v` ewl©Z nq|
َ ِّان َق ْو ِمه لِ ُي َب ن
ي هَل ُ ْم ِ وما َأرس ْلنَا ِمن رسو ٍل اِ اَّل بِ ِلس
َ ْ ُ َّ ْ َ ْ َ َ
Avwg cÖ‡Z¨K ivmyj‡KB Zuvi ¯^RvwZi fvlvfvlx K‡i cvwV‡qwQ Zv‡`i wbKU cwi¯‹vifv‡e e¨vL¨v Kivi Rb¨ (14t4),
cwieZx©Z AvswM‡K ÔKziAvÕbxq Aviwe wkÿvÕ MÖš’wUi cwigvR©b I cwi‡kvwaZ Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ
n‡Z hv‡”Q, ZvB Avgiv Avjøvn iveŸyj AvÕjvgx‡bi `iev‡i Zuvi GB AbyMÖ‡ni Rb¨ jv‡Lv †KvwU K…ZÁZv
Rvbvw”Q|
Avjnvg`ywjjøvn, ÔKziAvÕbxq Aviwe wkÿvÕ MÖš’wU‡K GLb Avi Kv‡iv mv‡_ bZzb K‡i cwiPq Kiv‡bvi
cÖ‡qvRb bvB| `ywbqv I AvwLivZ Rxe‡bi msweav‡bi(Avj KziAvÕb) h_vh_ ÔnKÕ Av`vq K‡i †ZjvIqv‡Zi
j‡ÿ hviv Avj-KziAvÕb Gi fvlv wkL‡Z AvMÖnx Zv‡`i Kv‡Q GB MÖš’wU AvR AwZ cwiwPZ I cÖ‡qvRbxq|
G‡`‡ki me©¯Í‡ii gvby‡li wbKU AwZkq ïKwiqv Ávcb KiwQ| †kvKi Kwi GB K_v †f‡e †h, GB MÖš’wU
wKQz gvbyl n‡jI KziAvb Abyave‡b wKQz ev¯Íe mnvqZv w`‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q|
cvV‡Ki Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Z…Zxq ms¯‹i‡Yi cwigvR©‡bi Rb¨ me©Rbve Kvgvj DÏxb, †gvt †gvkviid †nv‡mb,
G Gg Gg Bqvn&Bqv mn Av‡iv A‡b‡Ki mnvqZv cÖwYavb‡hvM¨| eBwU me eq‡mi cvVK‡`i Dc‡hvMx K‡i
cÖKv‡ki cÖ‡Póv memgq Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| GB eB †_‡K h_vh_ DcK…Z nIqvi Rb¨ cvVK‡`i g~j¨evb
gZvgZ Avgv‡`i‡K AbycÖvwYZ Ki‡e|
GB ms¯‹i‡Yi †Kv‡bv fyj-ÎæwU-Am¤ú~Y©Zv hw` Kv‡iv mZK© `„wó‡Z aiv c‡o, AbyMÖn c~e©K Rvwb‡q w`‡j
Avgiv K…ZÁZv‡eva Kie Ges cieZx© ms¯‹i‡Y Zvi ms‡kva‡b hZœevb n‡ev|
14 KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv
Aa¨vq - 1
we‡kl¨, me©bvg Ges we‡klY: cyswj½
Aviwe k‡ãi †k‡l `yB Rei, `yB †hi I `yB †ck _vK‡j kãwUi D”Pvi‡Yi †k‡l ÕbÕ †hvM nq| GB iKg `yB Rei, `yB †hi ev `yB †ck‡K Zvbfxb e‡j|
†hgb: ( َر ُج ُلD”PviY) ivRyjy ; ( َر ُج ٌلD”PviY) ivRyjyb
Aviwe‡Z ِجن ٌْسev wj½ `yB cÖKvi, h_v: ( ُم َذك ٌَّرcyswj½) Ges َّث
ٌ ¿¯( ُم َؤنxwj½)|
we‡kl¨- cyswj½:
bx‡Pi wZbwU we‡kl¨B cyswj½:
َر ُج ٌلGKRb †jvK, ِكت َا ٌبGKwU eB, َأ ْم ٌرGKwU Av‡`k/ wb‡`©k|
evsjvq GKwU ev GKRb (Bs‡iwR‡Z a ev an) n‡”Q Indefinite Article ev Awbw`©ó AvwU©‡Kj Ges wU, Uv, Lvbv, (Bs‡iwR‡Z The)
n‡”Q wbw`©ó AvwU©‡Kj/ Definite Article, g~j kã n‡Z Avjv`v †jLv nq| wKš‘ Aviwe‡Z GKRb ev GKwU Gi Abyiƒc Avjv`v
†Kv‡bv kã bvB| k‡ãi †k‡l Zvbfxb wPý e‡j w`‡”Q †h ÔGKRb gvbylÕ, ÔGKwU eBÓ Ges ÔGKwU wb‡`©kÕ m¤^‡Ü K_v ejv n‡”Q|
me©bvg: cyswj½
hw` Avgiv Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ †h †Kv‡bv GKwU we‡kl¨ m¤^‡Ü wKQy ewj, ZLb Avgiv me©bvg Ô†mÕ ev ÔwZwbÕ (he) Gi Rb¨ ُه َوkã
e¨envi Kwi| Aviwe‡Z ُه َوme©bvgwU Dc‡ii me¸wj we‡kl¨ Gi m‡½ hy³ K‡i c~Y© evK¨ ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
Aa¨vq 2
we‡kl¨, me©bvg Ges we‡klY t ¯¿xwj½
wb‡Pi wZbwU we‡kl¨B ¯¿xwj½| kã wZbwUB ¯¿xwj½ KviY G‡`i †k‡l ÔZv gvieyZvÕ ( ـةev ) ةi‡q‡Q|
اِ ْم َر َأ ٌةGKRb gwnjv, َجنَّ ٌةGKwU evMvb,
َءا َي ٌةGKwU wb`k©b ev AvqvZ|
hw` Avgiv Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ †h †Kv‡bv GKwU we‡kl¨ m¤^‡Ü wKQy ewj, ZLb Avgiv ¯¿xevPK me©bvg ِه َىe¨envi Kwi hvi A_© †m ev
wZwb| Aviwe‡Z ِه َىme©bvgwU Dc‡ii me¸wj we‡kl¨ Gi m‡½ hy³ K‡i c~Y© evK¨ Avgiv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvwi|
(1) ِه َى اِ ْم َر َا ٌةwZwb GKRb gwnjv, (2) ٌ ِه َى َجنَّةBnv GKwU evMvb, (3) ِه َى َءا َي ٌةGwU GKwU AvqvZ|
Dc‡iv³ 2 I 3bs evK¨Ø‡q j¶¨ Kiæb, ِه َىAbyev` Kivi mgq Avgiv ÔwZwbÕ, ÔGwUÕ ev ÔBnvÕ e¨envi K‡iwQ|
Bs‡iwR‡Z ÔShe is a gardenÕ ev ÔShe is a verse’ A_ev evsjvq ÔwZwb GKwU evMvbÕ ev ÔwZwb GKwU AvqvZÕ ej‡Z cvwi bv;
wKš‘ Aviwe‡Z ejv hvq|
ِه َىÔGKRb bvixÕ, ÔGKwU e¯‘Õ ev ÔGKwU aviYvÕ n‡Z cv‡i| Aviwe‡Z hLb †Kv‡bv we‡kl¨ Gi eûePb‡K D‡Ïk¨ Kiv nq ZLb
ِه َىA‡_© ÕZvnviv ev ZvivÕ ejv †h‡Z cv‡i; cieZx© c„ôvi jvBb 15 †`Lyb|
Avevi j¶¨ Kiæb Bs‡iwR‡Z a ev evsjvq ÔGKwUÕ k‡ãi gZ †Kv‡bv c„_K Aviwe kã bvB, Gi KviY Aa¨vq-1 G D‡jøL Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
Dc‡ivwjøwLZ kã¸wji m‡½I ¯¿xwj½vZ¥K kã ( ٰه ِذهthis ev GBwU/ GwU/ Bwb) Ges ك َ ( تِ ْلthat ev HwU/ Dnv/ Dwb) hy³ K‡i
c~Y© evK¨ MVb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
ٰه ِذ ِه إِ ْم َرا ٌة Bwb GKRb gwnjv, تِ ْل َك إِ ْم َرا ٌة Dwb GKRb gwnjv,
ٰه ِذ ِه َجنَّ ٌة Bnv GKwU evMvb, تِ ْل َك َجنَّ ٌة Dnv GKwU evMvb,
ٰه ِذ ِه َءا َي ٌة Bnv GKwU AvqvZ, تِ ْل َك َءا َي ٌة Dnv GKwU AvqvZ|
ü`q wkjvi gZ ev Zvi †_‡KI †ekx KwVb n‡q hvq| wkjv †_‡KI cvwb cÖejfv‡e wbtm„Z nq, wKš‘ KL‡bv KL‡bv GKwU KwVb
gvbe ü`q †_‡K wek¦¯ÍZv ev KiæYvi gZ fvj wKQyB †ei n‡q Av‡m bv|
َ ْ َا جkãwU hei w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q, KviY GwU إِ َّنØviv wbqwš¿Z; إِ َّنGi mv‡_ GKwU َفـhy³ Av‡Q |
jvBb 6 : لنَّ َة
jvBb 8 : َج َهن َُّمkãwU GKwU †ck w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q, myZivs Zvbfxb nqwb; ¯’vb Ges †jv‡Ki bvg msµvšÍ wKQy we‡k‡l¨
Zvbfxb nq bv|
jvBb 15 : GLv‡b ِه َىGi A_© ÔZvnvivÕ Ges ب
ٌ ( ُق ُل ْوü`qmg~n) †K D‡jøL K‡i, hv GB Avqv‡Zi c~‡e© D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q;
َكAe¨qwU wbw`©ó AvwU©‡Kj َا ْلGi ( اAvwjd) Gi m‡½ hy³ n‡q Av‡Q, A_© ÔgZÕ| َكGi Kvi‡Y ِح َج َار ِةkãwUi
†k‡l †hi n‡q‡Q|
kãv_©
ك َِل َم ٌةGKwU kã, َش َج َر ٌةGKwU e„¶, َب َق َر ٌةGKwU Miæ, َم ْأ ٰوىAvevm, نِ ْع َم ٌةGKwU AbyMÖn, َح َّي ٌةGKwU mvc Ges ِح َج َار ٌة
GKwU cv_i; jÿ KiæY meKwU kã ¯¿xwj½|
18 KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv
Aa¨vq - 3
we‡kl¨, me©bvg Ges we‡klY : Awbw`©ó
ِ
†h mKj we‡kl¨ Zvbfxb w`‡q †kl nq †m mKj we‡kl¨ Awbw`ó ( َالنَّك َر ُة/ Indefinite)| Zvbfxb A_© nj k‡ãi †k‡l ÕbÕ kã †hvM Kiv| GKwU AwZwi³
hei ÕbÕ kã wPwýZ K‡i, †hgb: س ُ ( َن ْفD”PviY) bvd&m,y ( َن ْف ٌسD”PviY) bvd&myb| GB Zvbfxb (`yB hei) Gi c‡i GKwU Avwjd †hvM n‡q‡Q, †hgb:
| َن ْف ًساwKš‘ †h k‡ãi †k‡l Zv-gvieyZv ( ـةev _ )ةv‡K Zvi c‡i Avwjd †hvM nq bv| `yB †hi I ÕbÕ kã wPwýZ K‡i, †hgb: س ٍ ( َن ْفD”PviY) bvd&wmb|
Bs‡iwR I evsjv fvlvq we‡klY we‡kl¨ Gi c~‡e© Av‡m| wKš‘ Aviwe fvlvq we‡klY we‡k‡l¨i c‡i e‡m|
GKePb Ges Awbw`©ó
(1) َر ُس ْو ٌل ك َِر ْي ٌمGKRb m¤§vwbZ evZ©vevnK/ ivmyj
(2) َوعْدً ا َم ْف ُع ْولGKwU cÖwZcvwjZ cÖwZkÖæwZ
(3) َءا َي ٍة َب ِّين ٍَةGKwU ®úó wb`©kb|
KZ…©KviK (لر ْف ُع
َّ َا/ Nominative Case)
GKwU we‡klY‡K Aek¨B memgq Zvi we‡kl¨ Gi m‡½ gvbvbmB (A_©vr MVb cÖK…wZ I AšÍ GKB) n‡Z n‡e| Dc‡ii 1bs
D`vni‡Y ( َر ُس ْو ٌلivmyjyb) we‡kl¨wU cyswj½ Ges Awbw`©ó, Kv‡RB we‡klY ( ك َِر ْي ٌمm¤§vwbZ) kãwUI Aek¨B cyswj½ I Awbw`©ó
n‡Z n‡e| we‡kl¨wU Zvbfxb (`yB †ck) w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q, ZvB we‡klYwUI Zvbfxb (`yB †ck) w`‡q †kl n‡Z n‡e|
†h me we‡kl¨ I we‡klY Zvbfxb (`yB †ck) w`‡q †kl nq Zv‡`i‡K KZ…K © viK Gi AšÍf³ y© ejv nq, Aviwe‡Z G‡K َم ْر ُف ْو ٌعe‡j|
wb‡¤œv³ Ae¯’vq GKwU we‡kl¨ KZ…©KviK Gi AšÍf©y³ nq
(1) hLb GwU GKwU ev‡K¨i D‡Ïk¨ (Subject) nq, cieZx© c„ôvi 5bs jvB‡b َر ُس ْو ٌل ك َِر ْي ٌمkãwU evK¨wUi D‡Ïk¨| GKwU
ev‡K¨i D‡Ïk¨ wK? G m¤^‡Ü AviI Rvbvi Rb¨ Aa¨vq 12 †`Lyb|
(2) hLb GwU ÕgyeZv`vÕ ev mvaviY ev‡K¨i cÖ_g Ask nq, †hgb 11bs jvB‡b ٌ| َع ْبد
(3) hLb GwU mvaviY ev‡K¨i GKwU c~iK (Complement) nq, †hgb 2bs jvB‡b اب ٌ | َع َذGKwU c~iK (Complement)
ev‡K¨i cÖ_g As‡ki wKQy Z_¨ (بٌ ْ`† ) َخ رq|
ُ َالن َّْص/ Accusative Case)
Kg©KviK (ب
Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ 2bs D`vni‡Y we‡kl¨ Ges we‡klY DfqB cyswj½ I Awbw`©ó| ً َوعْدwe‡kl¨wU `yB hei hy³ Zvbfxb w`‡q †kl
n‡q‡Q| j¶¨ Kiæb †h, Zvbfx‡bi (`yB hei) m‡½ GKwU Avwjd hy³ n‡q‡Q| َم ْف ُع ْولwe‡klYwU GKB ev‡K¨ Gi we‡kl¨ Gi
m‡½ gvbvbmB nIqvi cÖ‡qvR‡b `yB hei (Zvbfxb) w`‡q Ges GKwU Avwjd hy³ K‡i †kl n‡q‡Q|
©y ejv nq; Aviwe fvlvq Zv‡K ب
†hme we‡kl¨ I we‡klY Zvbfxb (`yB hei) w`‡q †kl nq Zv‡`i‡K Kg©KviK Gi AšÍf³ ٌ َمن ُْص ْوe‡j|
wb‡¤œv³ Ae¯’vq GKwU we‡kl¨ Kg©KviK (Accusative) Gi AšÍfy©³ nq
(1) hLb we‡kl¨wU ( إِ َّنev¯ÍweK), †( َأ َّنh) Ges ن ِ
َّ ( َلكwKš‘), BZ¨vw` Ae¨q (Particles) Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq| D`vniY¯^iƒc,
cieZx© c„ôvi 8bs jvB‡b َ َاهللkãwU †`Lyb| Av‡iv D`vni‡Yi Rb¨ Aa¨vq 9 †`Lyb|
(2) hLb we‡kl¨wU ev‡K¨i we‡aq (Object) nq| D`vniY¯^iƒc, cieZx© c„ôvi 10bs jvB‡b ev‡K¨i we‡aq َن ْف ًسا َز ِك َّي ًة
ÔGKRb wb‡`©vl e¨w³Õ| jÿ¨ Kiæb, hw`I ةw`‡q †kl nqwb Zv m‡Z¨I َن ْف ًساkãwU ¯¿xwj½; Gi m‡½ gvbvbmB nevi
Rb¨ Gi we‡klY † َز ِك َّي ًةK Aek¨B ( ةw`‡q †kl n‡q) ¯¿xwj½ n‡Z n‡e| j¶¨ Kiæb: Zvbfxb (`yB hei) hy³ ًةGi
m‡½ Avwjd hy³ nq bvB|
(3) hLb we‡kl¨wU wµqv-we‡klY wnmv‡e e¨eüZ nq| D`vniY¯^iƒc, cieZx© c„ôvq D‡jøwLZ 9bs jvB‡b َل ْيلkãwU
Kg©KviK, KviY GwU Zvbfxb (`yB hei) w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q Ges Abyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q Ôivw·ZÕ| ارا
ً َ هَنkãwUI Kg©KviK
Ges Abyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q Ôw`‡bÕ|
َ َا ْل/ Genitive ev Possessive Case)
m¤^Üm~PK KviK (ـج ُّر
Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ 3bs D`vni‡Y, we‡kl¨ Ges Zvi we‡klY DfqB ¯¿xwj½ Ges Awbw`©ó| Avgiv †Kgb K‡i Rvwb GwU ¯¿xwj½ ? َءا َي ٍة
we‡kl¨wU Zvbfxb (`yB †hi) w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q, ZvB Gi we‡klYwUI †mB fv‡e `yB †hi w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q|
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 19
†h me we‡kl¨ Ges we‡klY Zvbfxb (`yB †hi) w`‡q †kl nq Zv‡`i‡K m¤^Üm~PK KviK Gi AšÍf~©³ ejv nq; Aviwe fvlvq Zv‡K
ـج ُر ْو ٌر
ْ َمe‡j|
wb‡¤œv³ Ae¯’vq GKwU we‡kl¨ m¤^Üm~PK KviK (Genitive) Gi AšÍfy©³ nq
ْ ِ ى, ( َعلDc‡i ev g‡a¨)|
(1) hLb we‡kl¨wU m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq, †hgb: ف
(2) hLb we‡kl¨wU gy`vd-BjvBwn nq (†`Lyb Aa¨vq-10); wb‡¤œi 15bs jvB‡b َر ُس ْو ٍلkãwU m¤^ÜKviK Ges Gi A_©
ÔGKRb ivm~‡jiÕ| we‡kl¨ Gi m‡½ gvbvbmB nIqvi Rb¨ Gi we‡klY ك َِر ْي ٍمkãwUI m¤^ÜKviK n‡q‡Q|
Aa¨vq - 4
we‡kl¨ Ges we‡klY: wbw`©ó
wbw`©ó AvwU©‡Kj (Definite Article) hy³ k‡ã Zvbfxb hy³ n‡Z cv‡i bv|
†h mg¯Í k㸇”Q (Phrases) AwaKvi ev gvwjKvbv eySvq, †hgb: َِاب اهلل
ُ ُ ِكتkãwU wbw`©ó wKš‘ KLbI Gi m‡½ wbw`©ó AvwU©‡Kj
( ِكتAvjøvni wKZve) Gi َاب
ِ
hy³ _v‡K bv| اهللkãwUi A_© †kl A¶‡i †hi †`Iqv- A_© ÔAvjøvn-GiÕ (Aa¨vq- 10 †`yLyb)|
†Kv‡bv we‡kl¨/ we‡kl‡Yi c~‡e© wbw`©ó AvwU©‡Kj (Definite Article) َا ْلhy³ Kiv n‡j, kãwU wbw`©ó nq| َا ْلme mgq k‡ãi c~‡e©
hy³ nq, †hgb: َم ِائدَ ٌةGKwU †Uwej, َاب ِ
ٌ كتGKwU eB,
† َا ْل اَـم ِئدَ ُةUwejwU, ِ
ُ َا ْلكتeBwU
َاب
hLb kãwU wbw`©ó nq, ZLb Zvi Zvbfxb (ÔbÕ kã) †jvc cvq|
†h k‡ãi m‡½ َا ْلhy³ nq †mB k‡ãi cÖ_g A¶i hw` ni‡d kvg&mx (m~h© A¶i) nq Zvn‡j َا ْلGi لGi myKzbwU †jvc cvq
Ges m~h© A¶iwUi Dci Zvk`x` nq| Gi A_© nj wbw`©ó AvwU©‡K‡ji † لK D”Pvi‡Y ev` †`Iqv nq Ges m~h© A¶iwU `yB evi
َّ ( َاAvk&kvg&my)| Aviwe eY©gvjvi 14wU A¶i ni‡d kvg&mx h_v: ت ث د ذ ر ز س
D”PvwiZ nq, D`vniY¯^iƒc لش ْم ُس
;ش ص ض ط ظ ل نAewkó A¶i¸wj ni‡d Kvgvix|
cyswj½, GKePb Ges wbw`©ó (ـم ْع ِر َف ُة
َ ) َا ْل:
hw` †Kv‡bv we‡kl¨ cyswj½, GKePb Ges wbw`©ó nq Zvn‡j Zvi we‡klYwUI cyswj½, GKePb I wbw`©ó n‡Z n‡e| we‡klYwU GKB
KviK (Case) wPý w`‡q mgvß n‡q we‡kl¨ Gi m‡½ Aek¨B gvbvbmB n‡Z n‡e| bx‡Pi D`vniY¸‡jv j¶¨ Kiæb:
(1) ان ا ْل َعظِ ْي ُم
ُ َا ْل ُق ْر َءgnvb KyiAvb (KZ…©KviK/ Nominative Case) †ck w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q|
(2) ـم ْست َِق ْي َم ُ اط ا ْلَ لص َ ِّ َا رmwVK iv¯ÍvwU (Kg©KviK/ Accuative Case) hei w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q|
الر ِج ْي ِم ِ
(3) َّ لش ْي َطان َّ َاweZvwoZ kqZvbwU (m¤^Üm~PK KviK/ Genitive Case) †hi w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q|
Dc‡iv³ (1)bs D`vni‡Y, َا ْل ُق ْر ٰا ُنkãwU cyswj½ Ges GKePb| GwU wbw`©ó, KviY Gi m‡½ i‡q‡Q wbw`©ó AvwU©‡Kj | َا ْلGwU
KZ…©KviK, KviY GwUi †kl A¶‡i †ck i‡q‡Q| we‡klY َا ْل َعظِ ْي ُمGi we‡kl¨ َا ْل ُق ْر ٰا ُنGi m‡½ gvbvbmB, KviY GwUI cyswj½ Ges
GKePb| Gi m‡&½I wbw`©ó AvwU©‡Kj i‡q‡Q Ges †ck w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q| D`vniY bs (2) I (3) †`Lyb cÖ‡Z¨KwU we‡klY wKfv‡e
Zvi we‡kl¨ Gi m‡½ (wbw`©ó, ePb I KviK wel‡q) gvbvbmB n‡q‡Q|
¯¿xwj½, GKePb Ges wbw`©ó (ـم ْع ِر َف ُة َ ) َا ْل:
hw` †Kv‡bv we‡kl¨ ¯¿xwj½, GKePb I wbw`©ó nq, Zvi we‡klYwUI Aek¨B ¯¿xwj½, GKePb I wbw`©ó n‡Z n‡e| GKB ai‡Yi
KviK w`‡q mgvß n‡q we‡klY Zvi we‡kl¨ Gi m‡½ Aek¨B gvbvbmB n‡Z n‡e| bx‡Pi D`vniY¸wj j¶¨ Kiæb:
(4) ط َم ِئنَّـ ُة ُ َالنَّ ْف ُس ا ْل
ْ ـم cwiZ…ß AvZ¥v (KZ…©KviK/Nominative Case) †ck w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q|
(5) َالدَّ َار اْالٰ ِخ َر َةAvwLiv‡Zi Avevm¯’j (Kg©KviK/Accusative Case) hei w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q|
(6) ـسن َِة ِ ِ
َ ْـم ْوع َظة ح
َ ال َ َا ْلDËg Dc‡`k (m¤^ÜKviK/Genitive Case) †hi w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q|
Dc‡iv³ (5) bs D`vni‡Y َالـدَّ َارkãwUi †k‡l ةbv _vKv m‡Z¡I GwU ¯¿xwj½; َالـدَّ َارkãwU GKePb I wbw`©ó e‡U, GwUI
Kg©KviK (Accusative Case), KviY GwUi †kl A¶‡i hei Av‡Q|
َا اْلٰ ِخ َر َةwe‡klYwU َالدَّ َارwe‡kl¨ Gi m‡½ gvbvbmB, KviY GwU GKePb, َا ْلhy³ nIqvi gva¨‡g wbw`©ó n‡q‡Q Ges †kl A¶‡i
hei Av‡Q|
j¶¨ Kiæb Dc‡ii (4) Ges (6) D`vni‡Y cÖ‡Z¨KwU we‡klY †Kgbfv‡e Zv‡`i we‡kl¨ Gi m‡½ (ePb, wj½, wbw`©ó I KviK
wel‡q) gvbvbmB n‡q‡Q|
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 21
5| Zviv fq K‡i gg©š‘` kvw¯Í‡K (51 t 37) اب اْالَلِ ْي َم َ خَيَا ُف ْو َن ا ْل َع َذ
6| ejyb Bnv GK gnv msev` (38 t 67) ُق ْل ُه َو نَـ َب ٌؤ َعظِ ْي ٌم
7| †mB gnv msev`wUi e¨vcv‡i (78 t 2) َع ِن النَّ َبإِ ا ْل َعظِ ْي ِم
8| Avi Zv‡`i Rb¨ GKwU wb`k©b (n‡”Q) g„Z awiÎx (36 t 33) ـم ْي َت ُة َ َو ٰا َي ٌة هَّل ُ ُم اْالَ ْر ُض ا ْل
ِ ْاِن اََّم ح
9| e¯‘Z, cvw_©e Rxeb †Zv †Kej µxov I †KŠZzK (47 t 36) ب َّو هَل ْ ٌو ٌ الَ ٰيو ُة الدُّ ْن َيا َلع
10| Ges ciKv‡ji AvevmB DËg (7 t 169) َوالدَّ ُار اْالٰ ِخ َر ُة َخ رْ ٌي
11| cvi‡jŠwKK AvevmB †Zv cÖK…Z Rxeb (29 t 64) ُ الَ َي َو
ان ْإِ َّن الدَّ َار اْالٰ ِخ َر َة هَ ِل َى ح
ِ ْالكْم ِة و ا ْلـمو ِع َظ ِة ح ِ
12| Zzwg AvnŸvb Ki (gvbyl‡K) †Zvgvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki c‡_ wnKgZ I ال َسنَة
َ ْ َ َ َ ُْا ْد ُع إِ ىٰل َسبِ ْي ِل َر ِّب َك بِ ح
m`yc‡`‡ki gva¨‡g (16 t 125)
13| ejyb, †n KvwdiMY! (109 t 1) ُق ْل ٰ ٓي َا هُّ َيا ا ْلكَافِ ُر ْو َن
14| †n cwiZ…ß AvZ¥v ! (89 t 27) ـم ْط َم ِئنَّـ ُة ُ ٰ ٓي َأ َّيت َُها النَّ ْف ُس ا ْل
15| kc_ ÕZxbÕ I ÕhvqZzbÕ Gi, kc_ ÔwmbvBÕ ce©‡Zi Ges kc_ ِ ْي َو ٰه َذا ا ْل َب َل ِد اْالَ ِم ن
ي َ ْالز ْيـت ُْو ِن َو ُط ْو ِر ِس ْينِ ن َّ ِّي َو ِ َْوالت ن
GB wbivc` bMixi (95 t 1-3)
Dc‡iv³ cv‡Vi Dci gšÍe¨
jvBb 4 : إِ ْه ِدنَاkãwUi A_© ÔAvgv‡`i‡K cÖ`k©b Ki ev PvwjZ KiÕ|
jvBb 5 : خَيَا ُف ْو َنkãwUi A_© ÔZviv fq K‡iÕ|
jvBb 7 : ن ْ َعGKwU m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q (Preposition) Ges A_© nj Ôm¤^‡Ü ev wel‡qÕ| cieZx© A¶‡ii m‡½ D”Pvi‡Y ms‡hvM
†`Iqvi Rb نGi wb‡P GKwU †hi i‡q‡Q|
jvBb 9 : إِنَّمA_© Ôev¯ÍweK c‡¶, e¯‘ZÕ| َالدُّ نِ َياkãwUi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv| mKj Kvi‡KB Gi iƒc GKB _v‡K|
jvBb 11 : هَ ِل َىnj: ِه َىGi m‡½ mshy³ †Rviv‡jvfve cÖKvkK | َل
jvBb 12 : ُا ْد ُعkãwUi A_© ÕWv‡KvÕ ev ÕAvnŸvb KiÕ (wµqvi AbyÁvfve)|
jvBb 13 Ges 14 : Av‡eMm~PK Ae¨q (Interjection) َياA_© Ô†n !Õ GwU n‡”Q KvD‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i ejvi Rb¨ mnR I
cÖPwjZ cš’v| GLv‡b Ab¨ Avi GKwU Av‡eMm~PK Ae¨q يا َ ُّ َأ هhvi A_©I Ô†n!Õ (cyswj½, GKePb I eûePb Dfq
†¶‡Î ) Gi m‡½ hy³ n‡q‡Q| GwUi ¯¿xwj½ iƒc ; َأ َّيت َُهاwbw`©ó AvwU©‡Kj (Definite Article) َا ْلhy³ we‡kl¨‡K
َ ُّ َأ هev َأ َّيت َُهاkã e¨envi Kiv nq|
m‡¤^vab Kiv n‡j يا
jvBb 15 : GB jvB‡bi cÖ_g َوGes cieZx© wZbwU Avjv`v Avjv`v َوKmg (njd) Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| GB ai‡bi
cÖ‡Z¨KwU † َوK Aviwe‡Z IqvI Avj-Kmg ejv nq Ges Gi Øviv †h me kã wbqwš¿Z nq †m¸wj m¤^ÜKviK
(Genitive) Gi AšÍfy©³ | AviI `yÕUv D`vniY nj: ِ َواهللAvjøvni Kmg; ص ِ ْ َوا ْل َع رmg‡qi kc_|
22 KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv
Aa¨vq-5
we‡kl¨ Ges we‡klY: ePb
ُهدً ىwe‡kl¨wUi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv; Awbw`©ó mKj Kvi‡KB GB kãwUi iƒc GKB| wbw`©ó AvwU©‡Kj (Definite Article) Gi m‡½ GB kãwU هْالُدَ ىnq
Ges Gi †k‡l †Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv; الُدَ ى َّ wbðq Avjøvni c_wb‡`©kB cÖK…Z c_wb‡`©k|
ْإن ُهدَ ى اهللِ ُه َو ه
AUzU eûePb (الس ِل ُ ِم َ ) َا ْل: AUzU eûePb MVb Kiv mnR| AUzU ejv nq GB Rb¨ †h Zv‡`i GKePb iƒ‡ci g~j Aÿi¸wj
َّ ـج ْم ُع
m¤ú~Y© AUzU/ AÿZ _v‡K| G‡`i m‡½ cyswj½ eûeP‡bi Rb¨ wbw`©ó K‡i †`Iqv mgvwß mshy³ Kiv nq Ges ¯¿xwj½ eûeP‡bi Rb¨
Ab¨ wbw`©ó K‡i †`Iqv mgvwß mshy³ Kiv nq| KL‡bv KL‡bv AUzU eûePb ¸wj‡K evwn¨K eûePb ejv nq| wbw`©ó mgvwß ـ ُْو َن
hy³ n‡q ُم ْس ِل ُم ْو َنkãwU AUzU cyyswj½ eûePb MwVZ n‡q‡Q|
wehy³ eûePb (َس ُ ـج ْم ُع ا ْل
ُ َّـمك ر َ ) َا ْل: GKePb Gi MVb †f‡½ k‡ãi g~j A¶i¸wji (Root Letters) gv‡S bZzb A¶i I
niKZ hy³ Kiv nq e‡jB GB eûePb‡K wehy³/ wew”Qbœ eûePb e‡j| GKB m‡½ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Î c~‡e© ev †k‡l bZzb A¶iI
hy³ K‡i wehy³ eûePb ˆZwi Kiv nq| ِر َج ٌالkãwU wehy³ eûeP‡bi GKwU D`vniY|
wKQy k‡ãi AUzU eûePb Ges wehy³ eûePb DfqB _vK‡Z cv‡i|
wKQy wKQz kã c¨vU©vb Av‡Q †h¸wj Aviwe k‡ãi eûePb¸‡jv‡K wPb‡Z I wkL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i (Aa¨vq-19 †`Lyb)| GB ch©v‡q
cÖ‡Z¨K k‡ãi GKePbmn eûePb †R‡b †bIqv DËg |
eûePb (AUzU) wØePb GKePb
KZ…©KviK ُم ْس ِل ُم ْو َن ُم ْس ِل اَم ِن ُم ْس ِل ٌم
Kg©KviK يَ ْ ُم ْس ِل ِم ن ِ ْ ُم ْس ِل َم ن
ي ُم ْس ِلم
m¤^Üm~PK KviK ي َ ْ ُم ْس ِل ِم ن يِ ْ ُم ْس ِل َم ن ُم ْس ِل ٍم
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 23
Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ kãyMwji †k‡li Ask mveav‡b j¶¨ Kiæb Ges †`Lyb wØePb I eûeP‡b iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z wK wK A¶i Ges niKZ
hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q | j¶¨ Kiæb †h, wØeP‡bi Rb¨ Kg©KviK I m¤^Üm~PK Kvi‡Ki †k‡li w`K GKB| AUzU eûeP‡bi Rb¨ Kg©KviK
I m¤^Üm~PK Kvi‡Ki †k‡li w`K GKB|
14| wbðqB gybvwdKMY (Rvnvbœv‡gi) wbgœZg ¯Í‡i _vK‡e (4 t 145) ي ىِف الدَّ ْر ِك أْالَ ْس َف ِل َ ْـمن ِٰف ِق ن ُ ا َّن ا ْل
ِ
15| Zviv Df‡qB ¸nvi g‡a¨ (wQj) (9 t 40) ِ ها ىِف ا ْل َغ
ار َ ُم
Aa¨vq - 6
we‡kl¨, we‡klY, me©bvg: ePb I cyiæl
wgkª `j (Mixed groups): hw` †Kv‡bv GKwU me©bvg w`‡q ¯¿x I cyiæl wgwkÖZ †Kv‡bv GK`j †jvK‡K ‡evS‡bv nq, †m †¶‡Î cyswj½ me©bvg e¨envi Kiv nq|
we‡kl¨ I wµqv Df‡qi Rb¨B GB wbqg cÖ‡hvR¨|
ُ ـج ْم ُع ا ْل
eûePb wehy³ (ُـم َكس َ َا ْل/Broken Plurals)
cyswj½ I ¯¿xwj½ GKePb k‡ãi †klvs‡k cwieZ©b K‡i AUzU eûePb ˆZwi Kiv nq, wKš‘ wehy³ eûePb ˆZwi Kivi mgq GKePb
k‡ãi wfZ‡i cwieZ©b Kiv nq Ges KL‡bv KL‡bv g~j k‡ãi cÖvi‡¤¢ Ges †k‡l kãvsk hy³ Ki‡Z nq|
ُا ٌّم َن ْف ٌس ِ
D`vniY: GKePb ٌ َعال
ـم بٌ َق ْل
eûePb ٌ ُا َّم َه
ات ُن ُف ْو ٌس/ َأ ْن ُف ٌس ُع َل اَم ُء ُق ُل ْو ٌب
we: `ª: †h mKj we‡kl¨ wePvikw³nxb (non-rational) mËv ev e¯‘‡K †evSvq Zv‡`i wehy³ eûePb¸wj e¨vKiYMZfv‡e ¯¿xwj½ Ges
GKePb e‡j aiv nq; Gi A_© GB †h,
• GB ai‡Yi wehy³ eûePb we‡kl¨ Gi we‡klY n‡e ¯¿xwj½ GKePb,
• wehy³ eûePb we‡kl¨‡K D‡jøL Kiv me©bvg¸wj n‡e ¯¿xwj½ GKePb,
• hw` wehy³ eûePb we‡kl¨wU †Kv‡bv wµqvi D‡Ïk¨(Subject) nq, Zvn‡j Zvi wµqvwUI ¯¿xwj½ GKePb n‡e|
¯^Zš¿ me©bvg (ـمنْ َف ِص َل ُة ِ َّ /Separate Pronouns)
ُ الض اَمئ ُـر ا ْل
BwZg‡a¨ Avgiv † ُه َوm (cys), ـى ِ
َ † هm (¯¿x), ـم
ْ ُهZviv (cys) Gi gZ K‡qKwU me©bvg Dc¯’vcb K‡iwQ| GB¸wj Ô¯^Zš¿Õ me©bvg
e‡j cwiwPZ|
†h‡nZz KziAvÕ‡b Nb Nb me©bvg `„ó nq, bx‡P Aviwe fvlvi mKj ¯^Zš¿ me©bv‡gi GKwU ZvwjKv Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj (Wvb w`K
†_‡K evg w`‡K co–b)|
eûePb wØePb GKePb
ُه ْمZviv َ ُ مZviv (`yBRb)
ها † ُه َوm, Bnv cyswj½, cÖ_g cyiæl
ِ
ُهـ َّنZviv هاَ ُ مZviv Df‡q ـى
َ † هm, Bnv ¯¿xwj½, cÖ_g cyiæl
† َأ ْنت ُْمZvgiv † َأ ْنتُمZvgiv Df‡q ْت َ َأنZzwg cyswj½, ga¨g cyiæl
† َأ ْن ُت َّنZvgiv † َأ ْنتُمZvgiv Df‡q ِ
َأنْتZzwg ¯¿xwj½, ga¨g cyiæl
ن َْح ُنAvgiv ن َْح ُنAvgiv َأنَاAvwg cyswj½ I ¯¿xwj½, DËg cyiæl
ZvwjKvi cÖ_g `yB jvB‡bi me©bvg¸wj ÔcÖ_g cyiælÕ (Third Person) | e¨vKi‡Y †h e¨w³ m¤^‡Ü wKQy ejv nq Zv‡K cÖ_g cyiæl ev
bvg cyiæl ejv nq| j¶¨ Kiæb: †h Aviwe fvlvq ÔZvivÕ kãwUi Rb¨ wZbwU me©bvg i‡q‡Q (ها َ ُ م, ُه ْم, |) ُهـ َّن
ZvwjKvi wØZxq `yB jvB‡bi me©bvg¸wj Ôga¨g cyiælÕ (Second Person) | e¨vKi‡Y †h e¨w³‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i wKQy ejv nq Zv‡K
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 25
Ôga¨g cyiælÕ ejv nq| j¶¨ Kiæb: †h Aviwe fvlvq ÔZzwgÕ me©bvg `yBwU (ْت ِ ) َأنGes Ô†ZvgivÕ me©bvg wZbwU ( َأ ْنتُم, َأ ْنتُم,
َ َأن, ْت ْ
) َأ ْن ُت َّنi‡q‡Q| ZvwjKvi me©‡kl jvB‡bi me©bvg¸wj‡K ÔDËg cyiælÕ (First Person) | e¨vKi‡Y †h e¨w³ wb‡RB e³v Zv‡K ÔDËg
cyiælÕ ejv nq| j¶¨ Kiæb †h َأنَاk‡ãi †k‡li AvwjdwU n‡”Q GKB ai‡Yi D”PvwiZ Ab¨ kã †_‡K c„_K Kivi Rb¨ Ges GB
AvwjdwU D”PvwiZ nq bv| Kv‡RB َأنَاD”PviY Ki‡Z ÔAvbvÕ Gi ÔbvÕ †K `xN©vwqZ Kiv nq bv|
10| (Zviv) myLgq Rvbœv‡Zi g‡a¨ (22 t 56) ّٰت الن َِّع ْي ِم ِ ىِف جن
َ ْ
ِ ٍ
ي ىِ ْف َجنّٰت َّونَع ْي ٍم ِ ِ
11| wbðq gyËvKxiv _vK‡e Rvbœv‡Z I AbyMÖnivwRi g‡a¨ (52 t 17) ُ ا َّن ا ْل
َ ْـمتَّق ن
12| Zviv bq Zv‡`i gv (58 t 2) اه َّن ُا َّم ٰهـتِ ِه ْمُ َم
13| †Zvgiv gymjgvb (Avjøvni Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgw©cZ) (2 t 132) َا ْنت ُْم ُّم ْس ِل ُم ْو َن
14| Zviv GKwU m¤cÖ`vq (51 t 53) ُه ْم َق ْو ٌم
15| Avgiv Avjøvni (iv¯Ívq) mvnvh¨Kvix (ne) (3 t 52) ِ ن َْح ُن َأن َْص ُار ا
هلل
Aa¨vq - 7
mshy³ me©bvg: cyiæl I ePb
mshy³ me©bvg (ـمت َِّص َل ُة ِ َّ /Attached Pronouns) we‡kl¨, m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q (Preposition), wµqv Ges Ae¨q (Particles) Gi †k‡l hy³ n‡q _v‡K| إِ َّن
ُ الض اَمئ ُـر ا ْل
Gi gZ Ae¨q Gi c‡i ¯^Zš¿ me©bvg hy³ nq Ges hy³ nIqvi c‡i mshy³ me©bvg Gi iƒc MÖnY K‡i|
c~e©eZ©x Aa¨v‡q Avgiv ¯^Zš¿ me©bvg (Separate Pronouns) Dc¯’vcb K‡iwQ| G¸wj QvovI wKQ~ me©bvg i‡q‡Q †h¸wj k‡ãi †k‡l
mshy³ _v‡K| G‡`i Õmshy³ me©bvg A_ev Õk‡ãi A‡šÍ hy³ me©bvgÕ (Pronoun Suffix) ejv nq|
wewfbœ ai‡Yi k‡ãi †k‡l mshy³ me©bvg wK fv‡e hy³ nq Zv j¶¨ Kiæb (Wvb w`K †_‡K co–b):
(1) we‡kl¨ Gi †k‡l mshy³ AwaKvim~PK ev gvwjKvbvm~PK me©bvg (Possessive Pronoun), †hgb:
(Zuvi ivmyj) ( = َر ُس ْو ُل ُهZuvi) ُه+ ( َر ُس ْو ُلivmyj)
(Zvi cÖwZcvjK) ( = َر هُّ َباZvi, ¯¿x) َها+ ( َر ُّبcÖwZcvjK)
(2) m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q (Preposition) Gi m‡½ K‡i hy³ †hgb:
(Zvi ‡_‡K) ( = ِمنْ ُهZvi) ُه+ ‡_†( ِم ْنK)
(Zvi ‡_‡K) ( = ِمن َْهاZvi ,¯¿x) َها+ ‡_†( ِم ْنK)
(3) إِ َّنGi gZ Ae¨q Gi c‡i ¯^Zš¿ me©bvg hy³ nq, †hgb:
ه َو+ ِ إِنا = إِ َّنev¯ÍweK †m; نَحن+ إِ َّننَا = إِ َّنev¯ÍweK Avgiv;
ُ إ َّن ُه = إِ َّنev¯ÍweK †m; ه َي+ َ َّه ُ ْ
ْت َ َأن+ إِن ََّك = إِ َّنev¯ÍweK Zzwg; َأ ْنت ُْم+ إِ َّنك ُْم= إِ َّنev¯ÍweK †Zvgiv
(4) wµqvi Kg© (Object), †hgb:
(†m GwU ˆZwi K‡iwQj) ( = َج َع َل ُهGwU) ُه+ †( َج َع َلm ˆZwi K‡iwQj)
bx‡P mshy³ me©bvg (ـمت َِّص َل ُة ِ َّ ) mg~‡ni GKwU ZvwjKv †`Iqv nj| Wvb w`K †_‡K evg w`‡K co–b|
ُ الض اَمئ ُـر ا ْل
eûePb wØePb GKePb
ِ ِم ـ ُه ـه/ ُه ِه
ِ
ه ْم/ُه ْم ها/ا
َ ه َ ُم cÖ_g cyiæl, cyswj½
Zv‡`i‡K/ Zv‡`i Zv‡`i/ Zv‡`i‡K (`yBRb) Zv‡K/ Zvi/ Bnvi
ِ ِم
ه َّن/ ُهـ َّن ها/
َ ها َ ُم َها cª_g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½
H H H
ك ُْم كُم َك ga¨g cyiæl,cyswj½
†Zvgv‡`i/ †Zvgv‡`i‡K †Zvgv‡`i/†Zvgv‡`i‡K (`yBRb) †Zvgvi, †Zvgv‡K
ُك َّن كُم ِك ga¨g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½
H H †Zvgvi, †Zvgv‡K
نَا ـنِى/ـى َ /ـِى DËg cyiæl cys I ¯¿x
Avgv‡`i/ Avgv‡`i‡K Avgv‡K/Avgvi
j¶¨ Kiæb †h, ( َهاe¨ZxZ) cÖ_g cyiæl fy³ mshy³ me©bvg mg~‡ni `yÕwU wfbœ iƒc i‡q‡Q, D`vniY¯^iƒc ـ ُهGes ـه ِ | hw` c~e©eZx©
niKZ (vowel) †ck ev hei _v‡K Zvn‡j †ck hy³ iƒc e¨envi Kiv nq, D`vniY¯^iƒc َر ُّب ُهGes | َر َّب ُهhw` c~eeZx© niK‡Z
†hi _v‡K A_ev c~‡e© ىGi Dci myKzb _v‡K Zvn‡j †hi hy³ iƒc e¨envi nq, D`vniY¯^iƒc َر ِّب ِهGes | َع َل ْي ِه
DËg cyiæl (First Person) cyswj½ I ¯¿xwj‡½i mshy³ me©bvg † | ـىh k‡ãi m‡½ ىhy³ Kiv nq †mwU Aek¨B †hi w`‡q †kl n‡Z
n‡e Ges Zvi m‡½ GB ىwU niKZwenxb _v‡K| D`vniY¯^iƒc, ( َر ِّبىAvgvi cÖf)y ! GB wbq‡gi e¨wZµg nj ل َّ َـى) َع ى
َ + ) َعل
†hLv‡b heihy³ َىe¨envi Kiv nq| wµqvi m‡½ Ges نw`‡q †kl nIqv Ae¨q (Particle) A_ev m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q (Preposition)
Gi c‡i نِىiƒc e¨envi Kiv nq, D`vniY¯^iƒc: ( َج َع َلنِىwZwb Avgv‡K K‡iwQ‡jb); نِى = ِمنِّى+ ن ِ
ْ ( مAvgvi KvQ †_‡K)|
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 27
Aa¨vq - 8
َ ْف ج
m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q (ال ِّر ُ ) ُح ُر ْو
m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q (Preposition) we‡kl¨ ev me©bv‡gi c~‡e© e‡m| GUv Avcbv‡K †Kv‡bv wKQzi ¯’vb ev mgq m¤^‡Ü Rvbvq| Aviwe fvlvq gvwjKvbv †`Lv‡Z wKQy
m¤^^Üm~PK Ae¨q e¨envi Kiv nq|
ْ ِ( ىg‡a¨), ( َع ْنe¨vcv‡i)| Avgiv j¶¨ K‡iwQ
BwZg‡a¨ Avgiv K‡qKwU m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q m¤^‡Ü †R‡bwQ †hgb: ( َع ٰلىDc‡i), ف
†h m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q Øviv wbqwš¿Z kãmg~n m¤^Üm~PK KviK (Genitive) nq|
GB Aa¨v‡q KyiAv‡b e¨eüZ AviI wKQy m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨‡qi ZvwjKv †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| wKQy m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q wfbœ fv‡e Abyev` Kiv
hvq| mwVK A_© wbשvi‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q wK eY©bv cÖm‡½ e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv Avgv‡`i j¶¨ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q mshy³ (Preposition Attached)
`yÕwU m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q Av‡Q hv GK A¶i wewkó Ges Zviv †h kãmg~n‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i Zv‡`i m‡½ hy³ _v‡K | GB `yÕwU Ae¨q
nj :
ِلw`‡K, Gi (belonging to), Rb¨ ; بِ Øviv, m‡½, wfZ‡i|
( كَـgZ) A¶iwU m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q bq, Z‡e Gi gZ KvR K‡i|
ِ ِ ٍ ب = بِ َق ْل ِ
ـم ْن
َ َم ْن = ل+ ل Kvi Rb¨ ب ٌ َق ْل+ ب AšÍi w`‡q
ِ َّاس = لِلن
َّاس ُ َالن+ ِل gvby‡li cÖwZ ال َق َل ُم = بِا ْل َق َل ِم+ ب ِ Kjg w`‡q
ِ اهللُ = هلل+ ِل Avjøvni Rb¨ اِ ْس ُم = بِ ْس ِم+ ب ِ bvg wb‡q
j¶¨ Kiæb, wbw`©ó AvwU©‡Kj (Definite article) َا ْلGi c~‡e© ِلem‡j َا ْلGi Avwjd ev` †`Iqv nq, †hgb:
ِ َّاس = ِللن ِ
َّاس ُ الن+ ِلGes الر ُس ْو ُل = ل َّلر ُس ْو ِل ِ
َّ + ل
hw` †Kv‡bv kã ِلw`‡q ïiæ nq, m¤ú~Y© wbw`©ó AvwU©‡Kj َا ْلev` †`Iqv nq,
†hgb: َال َّل ْي ُل = ل ِ َّل ْي ِل+ ِل
ِلhLb †Kvb mshy³ me©bvg (Attached Pronoun) Gi c~‡e© hy³ nq, ZLb َلG cwieZx©Z nq, †hgb: َل َك, َلك ُْم, َل ُه, هَلَا,
GKgvÎ e¨wZµg | ل
m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨qmg~n ¯^Zš¿ (Prepositions Seperate)
إِ َل ْيـ/ † إِ ىٰلZ , cÖwZ َ َخ ْلwcQ‡b
ف ىِ ْفg‡a¨, wfZ‡i
َ َب ْعدc‡i َع ْن cÖvq KvQvKvwQ, m¤úwK©Z َق ْب َلc~‡e©
يَ ْ` َب نyB‡qi g‡a¨ َع َل ْيـ/ َع ىٰل Dc‡i, weiæ‡× َم َعm‡½
حَ ْت َتbx‡P َ ِعنْد cÖwZ, m‡½ ِم ْنnB‡Z
َحـتَّىhZ¶Y ch©šÍ bv, Zey َف ْو َق
Dc‡i
ِل, َم َعGes َ ِعنْدm¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q mg~n gvwjKvbv cÖ`k©b Ki‡ZI e¨eüZ nq, ‡hgb:
َل ُه, َم َع ُهGes ِعنْدَ ُهkã¸wji A_© Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i ÕZvi Av‡QÕ|
Aviwe fvlvq wKQz wµqv Av‡Q hvi c‡i †Kv‡bv we‡kl m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q em‡j Zvi Abyev` Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv, †hgb:
َغ َف َر َل ُهA_© ÔwZwb Zv‡K ¶gv K‡iwQ‡jbÕ (Av¶wiK A‡_© : ÔwZwb Zvi cÖwZ ¶gv K‡iwQ‡jbÕ)|
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 29
Aa¨vq - 9
إن
َّ Ges Zvi mgRvZxq kã (fwMbx)
ٌ َ َخ رe‡j hvi A_© msev`|
we‡aq (Predicate) GKwU ev‡K¨i cÖ_gvs‡ki msev` †`q| Aviwe fvlvq we‡aq (Predicate) †K ب
c~‡e©Kvi Aa¨vq¸wj‡Z Avgiv wKQy k㸇”Q (Phrases) Ges ev‡K¨ إِ َّنAe¨q Gi e¨envi †`‡LwQ| Avgiv AviI †R‡bwQ †h إِ َّن
Øviv wbqwš¿Z we‡kl¨wU Kg©evPK (Accusative) nq| GB Aa¨v‡q Avgiv إِ َّنe¨env‡ii AviI wKQy D`vniY w`‡Z PvB| Aviwe fvlvq
GKwU mij evK¨ (Simple Sentence) hvi †Kv‡bv wµqv _v‡K bv Ges †hUv GKwU we‡kl¨ w`‡q ïiæ nq Zv‡K we‡kl¨m¤^Üx evK¨
(Nominal Sentence) e‡j, †hgb: إِ َّن اهللَ َغ ُف ْو ٌر َّر ِح ْي ٌم
Dcwi D³ ev‡K¨, َ اهللkãwU‡K إِ َّنGi we‡kl¨ ejv nq| GwU GKePb Ges GKwU hei w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q| إِ َّنGi we‡kl¨wU me
mgqB Kg©evPK (Accusative) we‡kl¨ nq |
َغ ُف ْو ٌرkãwU‡K إِ َّنGi we‡aq (Predicate) ejv nq| Predicate †K Aviwe fvlvq ب
ٌ َ َخ رe‡j Ges Gi A_© Õmsev`Õ| إِ َّنGi we‡aq
hw` we‡kl¨ ev we‡klY nq Zvn‡j Zv n‡e KZ…©Kvi‡K (Nominative)|
AviI wKQy D`vniY (Wvb w`K †_‡K evg w`‡K co–b):
إِ َّنGi we‡aq إِ َّنGi we‡kl¨
َع ِل ْي ٌم َح ِك ْي ٌم َ اهلل إِ َّن wbðqB Avjøvn Ávbx Ges cÖÁvgq|
اس َع ٌةِ و ِ َأ ْر َض اهلل إِ َّن
َ wbðqB Avjøvni c„w_ex cÖk¯Í|
ِ
َلكَاذ ُب ْو َن َ ْـمنَافِ ِق ن إِ َّن
ي ُ ا ْل wbðq gybvwdKiv wg_¨vev`x|
Aviwe e¨vKi‡Y AviI wKQz Ae¨q A‡Q †h¸wj إِ َّنGi fwMbx (ev mgRvZxq) e‡j cwiwPZ Ges إِ َّنGi gZB †m¸wji cÖfve
i‡q‡Q| KyiAv‡b NbNb e¨eüZ Ae¨q¸wj bx‡P †`Iqv nj:
‡ َأ َّنh † ك ََأ َّنhgb ٰل ِك َّنwKš‘ َل َع َّلm¤¢eZ:
we‡aq we‡kl¨
ِ بِ َي ِد اهلل ا ْل َف ْض َل َو َا َّن Ges mg¯Í AbyMÖn Avjøvni nv‡Z|
بٌ َق ِر ْي السا َع َة
َّ َو َل َع َّل Ges m¤¢eZt wKqvgZ AZ¨vmbœ|
اَل َي ْع َل ُم ْو َن ِ َأ ْك َث َر الن
َّاس َو ٰل ِك َّن wKš‘ †ekxifvM †jvK AeMZ bq|
اَل َي ْف َق ُه ْو َن َ ْـمنَافِ ِق ن
ي ُ ا ْل َو ٰل ِك َّن wKš‘ gybvwdK&iv †ev‡S bv|
اِ َّنGes Zvi mgRvZxq Ae¨q¸wj cÖvqB mshy³-me©bv‡gi m‡½ e¨eüZ nq| wb‡gœv³ mshyw³¸wj KziAv‡b †`Lv hvq:
إِ َّنك ُْم َ إِن
َّك إِ هَّنَا إِ َّن ُ ه - إِ َّن
َأ َّنك ُْم َ َأن
َّك َأ هَّنَا َأ َّن ُ ه - َأ َّن
ٰل ِكنَّك ُْم ٰل ِكن َُّه ْ م ٰل ِكنَّى ٰل ِكنَّ ُ ه - ٰل ِك َّن
َل َع َّلنَا َل َع َّل ُه ْم َل َع َّلك ُْم َل َع ىِّل -َل َع َّل
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 31
1| wbðq c„w_exwU Avjøvni Rb¨ (7 t 128) إِ َّن أْالَ ْر َض لِ ّٰل ِه
2| mgq/ gnvKv‡ji kc_, Aek¨B gvbyl ¶wZi g‡a¨ ٍ ْان َل ِف ْى ُخ ر
س ِ ْص إِ َّن إ
َ الن َْس ِ َْوا ْل َع ر
Av‡Q (103 t 1, 2)
3| wbðqB Avjøvni `qv wbKUeZ©x (7 t 56) ب ٌ ح َة اهللِ َق ِر ْي َ ْإِ َّن َر م
4| Aek¨B Dnvi g‡a¨ wb`k©b i‡q‡Q gyÕwgb‡`i Rb¨ (15 t 77) يَ ْإِ َّن ىِ ْف ٰذلِ َك اَلٰ َي ًة ِّل ْل ُم ْؤ ِمنِ ن
5| Aek¨B cyY¨evbMY _vK‡e cig my‡Li g‡a¨ Ges إِ َّن أْالَ ْب َر َار َل ِف ْى ن َِع ْي ٍم َوإِ َّن ا ْل ُف ّج َار َل ِف ْى َج ِح ْي ٍم
Aek¨B cvcvPvixiv _vK‡e Rvnvbœv‡g (82 t 13,14)
6| Aek¨B gybvwdKMY wg_¨vev`x (63 t 1) ي َلك ِٰذ ُب ْو َن
َ ْـمن ِٰف ِق ن
ُ إِ َّن ا ْل
7| wbðq gyËvKxiv _vK‡e Rvbœv‡Z I wbqvgZ ivwRi gv‡S (52 ّٰت َّو ن َِع ْي ٍم
ٍ ي ىِف جن
َ ْ َ ْـمتَّق ن
ِ إِ َّن ا ْل
ُ
َِوا ْع َل ُم ْوا َأ َّن فِ ْيك ُْم َر ُس ْو َل اهلل
t 17)
8| Ges †Zvgiv †R‡b ivL †h, †Zvgv‡`i gv‡S Avjøvni ivmyj
i‡q‡Qb (49 t 7)
9| Ges `vb/ AbyMÖn AvjøvniB nv‡Z (57 t 29) َِو َأ َّن ا ْل َف ْض َل بِ َي ِد اهلل
10| Ges wKš‘ gybvwdKMY †ev‡S bv (63 t 7) ي اَل َي ْف َق ُه ْو َن َ ْـمن ِٰف ِق ن ِ
ُ َو ٰلك َّن ا ْل
11| wbðqB mZ¨ (KziAvb) †Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK n‡Z, َّاس ل ُي ْؤ ِمن ُْو َن
ِ الَ ُّق ِم ْن َّر ِّب َك َو ٰل ِك َّن َأ ْك َث َر الن ْاِ َّن ُه ح
wKš‘ AwaKvsk gvbyl wek¦vm K‡i bv (11 t 17)
12| m¤¢eZ wKqvgZ Avmbœ (42 t 17) ب ٌ السا َع َة َق ِر ْي
َّ َل َع َّل
13| Ges Avjøvn mKj wKQyi e¨vcv‡i ¶gZvevb (2 t 284) َواهلل َع ىٰل ك ُِّل َش ْى ٍء َق ِد ْي ٌر
14| wbðqB Avjøvn me© wel‡q ¶gZvevb (2 t 20) إِ َّن اهللَ َع ٰلى ك ُِّل َش ْى ٍء َق ِد ْي ٌر
15| wKš‘ Avjøvn RMrmg~‡ni cÖwZ AbyMÖnkxj (2 t 251) َ َْو ٰل ِك َّن اهللَ ُذ ْو َف ْض ٍل َع ىَل ا ْل ٰع َل ِم ن
ي
Aa¨vq - 10
َ
ِ ْ)أ إ
AwaKvi (ل َضا َف ُة
Bs‡iwR fvlvq k㸔Q (Phrase) n‡”Q wµqv wenxb K‡qKwU kã hv m¤ú~Y© A_© cÖKvk K‡i bv| GKwU DcevK¨ (Clause) nj GKwU wµqvmn GK `j kã
hv m¤ú~Y© A_© cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i ev bvI Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKwU evK¨ (Sentence) nj GKwU wµqvmn GKwU kã ev GK `j kã hv m¤ú~Y© A_© cÖKvk K‡i|
Aa¨vq - 11
g~j kã Ges g~j A¶i
Aviwe k‡ãi g~j A¶i mg~n‡K KL‡bv KL‡bv †iwWK¨vj (Radicals) ejv nq| g~j kã‡K KL‡bv KL‡bv ïay Ôg~j (Root)Õ e‡jI D‡jøL Kiv nq|
ï×Zv/ m~²Zv: KziAvÕ‡b wKQz msL¨K kã Av‡Q †hgb: َبدَ َع, َف َط َر, ج َع َل, َ َب َر َأ, َبدَ َأ, َخ َل َقhv‡`i A_© mvaviYfv‡e ÔˆZwi Kiv ev m„wó KivÕ| cÖwZwU k‡ãi h_vh_/
ï² A_© Av‡Q hv evsjv ev Bs‡iwR Abyev‡` cÖvqB h_vh_fv‡e cÖKvk cvq bv| خ َل َق- َ mKj wKQz m„wói e¨vcv‡i GB kãwU cÖ‡hvR¨, †Kv‡bv wKQz cÖ_g Aw¯Í‡Z¡
Avbqb Kiv Ges H m„wói cÖK…wZ I web¨vm wba©viY Kiv; َبدَ َأ- Aviv¤¢ Kiv ev †Kv‡bv wKQz †_‡K m„wói m~Pbv Kiv; َ بَرَأ- c~‡e© we`¨gvb _vKv †Kv‡bv e¯‘ n‡Z ˆZwi
Kiv ev †Kv‡bv cwiw¯’wZ/ Ae¯’vi †cÖwÿ‡Z †Kv‡bv wKQz ˆZwi Kiv; ج َع َل- َ mvaviYfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv, wKš‘ kãwUi A‡_©i g‡a¨ †ek e¨vcKZv Av‡Q, Ô†Kv‡bv wKQz
cwieZ©b Kiv ev wb‡qvM KivÕ I Gi AšÍf~©³; َف َط َر- Aw¯Í‡Z¡ _vKv †Kv‡bv Dcv`vb e¨ZxZB †Kv‡bv wKQz m„wó Kiv, Avw` e¯‘ mgynI Gi †ejvq cÖ‡hvR¨, hv †_‡K
cieZx© Ab¨ cÖwµqv ïiæ Kiv nq; kãwUi eywbqvw` A_© Ôfv½v ev j¤^vjw¤^ wP‡i †djvÕ; َبدَ َع- Aw¯Í‡Z¡ _vKv †Kv‡bv Dcv`vb Ges Aw¯Í‡Z¡ _vKv bgybv QvovB †Kv‡bv
wKQz m„wó cÖeZ©b/Avwe®‹vi Kiv| َ َف َطر, َب َر َأ, َخ َل َقGB kã wZbwU †Kej gvÎ Avjøvn ZvAvÕjvi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq|
AwaKvsk Aviwe k‡ãi cÖavb A¶i wZbwU; G¸wj‡K g~j A¶i ejv nq; GB wZb g~j A¶i Øviv me‡P‡q mnR †h wµqvwU MwVZ
nq Zvi A_© Kiv nq Ô†m + AZxZKvjÕ| َخ َل َقGKwU wµqv; GB wµqvwUi A_© ÔwZwb m„wó K‡iwQ‡jbÕ| َخ َل َقwµqvwUi g~j A¶i¸wj
nj َخ َل َق | خ ل قGKwU g~j kã| G‡Z ïay g~j A¶i¸wj i‡q‡Q|
g~j kãmg~n n‡Z e„‡¶i Wvjcvjvi b¨vq bZzb kãvewj MVb nq| bZzb kã MVb Ki‡Z gyj A¶i mgy‡ni m‡½ AwZwi³ A¶i
†hvM Ki‡Z nq Ges niKZ (Vowel) I cÖZxK (Signs) †hvM K‡i A_ev cwieZ©b K‡i bZzb kãvewj MVb Kiv nq|
AwZwi³ A¶i hy³ Kivi †¶Î wbgœiƒc
(1) cÖ_g g~j A¶‡ii c~‡e© ـخ ُل ُق
ْ َي,
(2) g~j A¶img~‡ni gv‡S َخال ِ ٌق,
(3) †kl gyj A¶‡ii †k‡l َخ َل ُق ْوا,
(4) A¶img~n wظY K‡i (Zvk`x` e¨envi K‡i) َخ اَّل َق,
(5) Dc‡ii ¸wj mswgkªY K‡i إِ ْختِ اَل ٌق
g~j k‡ãi m‡½ †hvM Kivi Rb¨ †h mKj A¶i e¨envi Kiv nq †m¸wj nj:
أ ا ت ة س ل م ن هـ و ي
ِ
( ةZv-gvieyZv) Qvov GB A¶i¸wj َس َأ ْلت ُُم ْون ْي َهاkãwUi g‡a¨ AšÍfy©³ Av‡Q hvi A_© nj Ô†Zvgiv Avgv‡K Zv‡`i m¤^‡Ü wRÁvmv
K‡iwQ‡jÕ| Avgiv Avkv Kwi kxNÖB Avcwb Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Aviwe fvlvq GKwU kã †Kgb K‡i wewfbœ A_© cÖKvk K‡i|
g~j kã †_‡K wewfbœ c¨vU©v‡bi bZzb kã ˆZwi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Avcwb cÖvq mg‡qB k‡ãi c¨vUvb© †`‡L GKwU k‡ãi A_© ej‡Z
cvi‡eb| Avgiv hZ GwM‡q hve ZLb †`L‡Z cve GwU wKfv‡e N‡U| Z‡e Avgiv wd‡i hvB َخ َل َقk‡ã| َخ َل َقk‡ãi A_© ÔwZwb
m„wó K‡iwQ‡jbÕ| ÔwZwbÕ me©bvgwU َخ َل َقwµqvi g‡a¨ wbwnZ Av‡Q| myZivs ÔwZwbÕ kãwUi Rb¨ mvaviYZ Avjv`v †Kv‡bv k‡ãi
cÖ‡qvRb bvB| Aviwe fvlv nj c¨vUvb© ev web¨v‡mi fvlv Ges Avcwb hw` GK web¨v‡mi m‡½ Ab¨ web¨vm GKwÎZ K‡ib Zvn‡j
Avcwb GKwU k‡ãi A_© m¤^‡Ü wKQy aviYv †c‡Z cv‡ib| َخ َل َقwµqvi gZ GKB web¨v‡mi Z‡e wfbœ gyj A¶i Øviv MwVZ Ab¨vb¨
wµqviI A_© n‡Z cv‡i Ô†m + AZxZKvjÕ| myZivs:
† َج َع َلm ˆZwi K‡iwQj, َد َخ َل †m cÖ‡ek K‡iwQj, َخ َر َج †m evwni n‡qwQj|
َخ َل َقGi gvSLv‡bi g~j A¶‡ii Dci hei i‡q‡Q| Avevi wKQy wKQy gyj k‡ãi gvSLv‡bi g~j A¶‡ii bx‡P †hi i‡q‡Q, †hgb:
† َع ِم َلm KvR K‡iwQj, َع ِل َم †m RvbZ, † َس ِم َعm ï‡bwQj|
Ges wKQy wKQy †¶‡Î gvSLv‡bi g~j A¶‡ii Dci †ck i‡q‡Q, †hgb:
َب
َ ُ ك رGwU e„nr wQj, َك ُث َرG¸wj A‡bK wQj|
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 35
Aviwe gyj kã n‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i bx‡Pi QKwU co–b| Ôg~j kã n‡Z ˆZwiK…Z kãÕ kxl©K mvwi‡Z g~j kãvewji m‡½ †h A¶img~n
hy³ n‡q‡Q Zv j¶¨ Kiæb|
j¶¨ Kiæb: ُم ْست َِق ْي ٌمkãwU‡Z َقا َمGi † اK GKwU † ىZ iƒcvšÍi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
36 KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv
Aa¨vq - 12
g~j wµqv w`‡q ïiæ evK¨
†Kv‡bv ev‡K¨i wµqv nj ÔKivÕ A_ev ÔKvR KiviÕ kã Ges wµqvi Kvj (Tense) KvR m¤úbœ Kivi mgq D‡jøL K‡i|
cieZx© c„ôvq cÖ‡Z¨KwU evK¨ AZxZKv‡ji wµqv w`‡q ïiæ n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨K wµqvi †Kej wZbwU g~j A¶i i‡q‡Q Ges ZvB
A_© `uvovq Ô†m + AZxZKv‡ji A_©Õ|
Aa¨vq - 13
wµqv: AZxZKvj, GKePb
ِي
†Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri mgq D‡jøL Kiv‡K Kvj (Tense) e‡j| Aviwe fvlvq AZxZKvj‡K ض ْ ا ْل اَـمejv nq| eû e¨vKiY eB‡Z Ôgv`xÕ‡K cyivNwUZ Kvj (Perfect
Tense) e‡jI D‡jøL Kiv nq; †h‡nZz GwU Ggb KvR‡K D‡jøL K‡i hv m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q ev mgvß n‡q †M‡Q| GUv ¯§iY ivLv AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h Aviwe fvlvq gv`x
me mgq AZx‡Zi KvR D‡jøL K‡i bv| GwU Kvgbv Kiv A_ev ÔkZ©vaxb evK¨vewjÕ (Conditional Sentences) wnmv‡eI e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i (Aa¨vq 40
‡`Lyb)| wµqvi cªK…Z Kvj Aek¨B Gi eY©bvcÖm½ n‡Z wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e|
َ َكتwµqvwU GKwU g~j kã| GwU AZxZKv‡ji A_© cÖKvk K‡i| Gi A_© Ô†m wj‡LwQjÕ; Ô†mÕ me©bvgwU َب
َب َ َكتkãwUi g‡a¨ wbwnZ
Av‡Q| Avcwb hw` myKzb mn تA¶iwU g~j k‡ãi m‡½ †hvM †`b Zvn‡j Avcwb ت ْ َك َت َبbv‡g GKwU bZzb kã cv‡eb| kãv‡šÍ
myKzbmn † تhvM Kivq ت ْ َك َت َبGi A_© nq Ô†m (¯¿x) wj‡LwQjÕ| GKwU k‡ãi †k‡l GKwU A¶i ev K‡qKwU A¶i †hvM Kiv‡K
Ôkãv‡šÍ hy³ cÖZ¨qÕ (Suffix) ejv nq|
wµqvi A‡šÍ ت
ْ †hvM Ki‡j A_© `uvovq Ô†m (¯¿x) + AZxZ KvjÕ| GZ`bymv‡i:
† َس ِم َعm ï‡bwQj, † َع ِل َمm RvbZ, † َس ِم َع ْتm (¯¿x) ï‡bwQj, † َع ِل َم ْتm (¯¿x) RvbZ|
َبَ َكتkãwUi A‡šÍ wewfbœ A¶i hy³ K‡i Ab¨vb¨ kã cvIqv hvq, †hgb:
ِ َك َتبZzwg (¯¿x) wj‡LwQ‡j, َك َتب ُتAvwg wj‡LwQjvg|
َك َت ْب َتZzwg (cys) wj‡LwQ‡j, ت ْ ْ
j¶¨ Kiæb, Dc‡ii wZbwU k‡ãi †kl g~j A¶‡ii Dci myKzb emv‡bv n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨KUv k‡ãi †k‡l تhy³ i‡q‡Q| wKš‘
cÖ‡Z¨KwU تA¶‡ii wfbœ wfbœ niKZ i‡q‡Q|
َك َت ْب َتkãwU‡Z hei hy³ َتÔZzwgÕ cyswj½, GKeP‡bi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i&|
تِ َك َتبkãwU‡Z †hi hy³ تِ ÔZzwgÕ ¯¿xwj½, GKeP‡bi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
ْ
َك َت ْب ُتkãwUi †ck mn †kl ُتÔAvwgÕ Gi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
AZxZKv‡ji GKeP‡bi Ab¨vb¨ wµqvmg~‡ni gZ GKB ai‡bi mgvwß n‡e; GZ`bymv‡i:
َخ َر ْج َتZzwg (cyswj½, GKePb) †ei n‡qwQ‡j, َد َخ ْل َتZzwg (cyswj½, GKePb) cÖ‡ek K‡iwQ‡j,
تِ َخرجZzwg (¯¿xwj½, GKePb) †ei n‡qwQ‡j, تِ د َخ ْلZzwg (¯¿xwj½, GKePb) cÖ‡ek K‡iwQ‡j
ْ َ َ
َخ َر ْج ُتAvwg †ei n‡qwQjvg, َد َخ ْل ُتAvwg cÖ‡ek K‡iwQjvg |
bx‡P GKePb iƒ‡ci AZxZKv‡ji `yÕwU wµqvi QK †`Iqv nj| Wvb w`K †_‡K evg w`‡K co–b:
GKePb GKePb
† َف َع َلm K‡iwQj † َقت ََلm nZ¨v K‡iwQj cÖ_g cyiæl, cyswj½
َف َع َل ْت †m K‡iwQj † َق َت َل ْتm nZ¨v K‡iwQj cÖ_g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½
َف َع ْل َت Zzwg K‡iwQj َق َت ْل َتZzwg nZ¨v K‡iwQ‡j ga¨g cyiæl,cyswj½
تِ َفع ْل تِ َق َت ْلZzwg nZ¨v K‡iwQ‡j
َ Zzwg K‡iwQj ga¨g cyiæl,¯¿xwj½
َف َع ْل ُت Avwg K‡iwQjvg َق َت ْل ُتAvwg nZ¨v K‡iwQjvg DËg cyiæl, cys I ¯¿x
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 39
Aa¨vq - 14
wµqv: AZxZKvj, GKePb, wØePb I eûePb
wµqvi avZziƒc (Conjugate) Kivi A_© nj GKwU wbw`©ó Kv‡j (Tense) GKePb, wØePb Ges eûeP‡b cyswj½ Ges ¯¿xwj‡½ H wµqvi wewfbœ iƒc cª`k©b Kiv|
َ َكتwµqvi AZxZKv‡j avZziƒ‡ci GKwU m¤ú~Y© ZvwjKv †`Iqv nj| GKwU wµqvi avZziƒc Kivi A_© nj H wµqvi
bx‡P َب
wewfbœ iƒc cÖ`k©b Kiv|
wµqvi g~j k‡ãi A‡šÍ cÖZ¨q (Suffix) hy³ K‡i AZxZKv‡ji mKj cwieZ©b Kiv nq| A‡šÍ hy³ cÖZ¨q †_‡K ejv hvq †K KvRwU
K‡iwQj| D`vniY¯^iƒc; A‡šÍ hy³ cÖZ¨q ت ُ ÔAvwgÕ D‡jøL K‡i Ges A‡šÍ hy³ cÖZ¨q نَاÔAvgv‡`iÕ D‡jøL K‡i|
Avcwb bx‡Pi ZvwjKvwU Awfm¤^Ü (Reference) wnmv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| AviI AMÖmi nevi c~‡e© GB ch©v‡q Avcbvi KvQ
†_‡K AZxZKv‡ji wµqvi mKj mgvwß (Endings) ¯^iY ivLv Avkv Kiv hvq bv| Z‡e, hZ ZvovZvwo Zv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ZZB
fvj|
eûePb wØePb GKePb
Zviv wj‡LwQj َك َت ُب ْوا َك َت َبا َ َكت
َب †m wj‡LwQj cÖ_g cyiæl cys
Zviv wj‡LwQj َ َك َت ْبن َك َت َبتَا َك َت َب ْت †m (¯¿x) wj‡LwQj cÖ_g cyiæl ¯¿x
†Zvgiv wj‡LwQ‡j َك َت ْبت ُْم َك َت ْبتُم َك َت ْب َت Zzwg wj‡LwQ‡j ga¨g cyiæl cys
َك َت ْب ُت َّن َك َت ْبتُم تِ َك َتب
†Zvgiv wj‡LwQ‡j ْ Zzwg wj‡LwQ‡j ga¨g cyiæl ¯¿x
Avgiv wj‡LwQjvg َك َت ْبنَا َك َت ْبنَا َك َت ْب ُت Avwg wj‡LwQjvg DËg cyiæl cys I ¯¿x
Dc‡iv³ PvU© n‡Z Avcwb †`L‡Z cv‡eb †h, wb‡gœv³fv‡e wµqvi iƒc¸wj‡K †kªYxf~³ Kiv nq:
(1) ePb: GKePb, wØePb ev eûePb
(2) wj½: cyswj½ ev ¯¿xwj½
(3) cyiæl: cÖ_g cyiæl, ga¨g cyiæl ev DËg cyiæl|
wµqv iƒc¸wji Kvj (Tense) AZxZ ev eZ©gvb, evP¨ (Voice) KZ…©evP¨ ev Kg©evP¨ Ges fve (Mood) wnmv‡eI Zv‡`i‡K
†kªYxe× Kiv nq; GB wel‡q Avgiv cieZ©x‡Z e¨vL¨v Kie|
ePb (Number)
Avgiv B‡Zvg‡a¨ Aa¨vq 1 n‡Z †R‡bwQ †h Aviwe fvlvq kãvewj GKePb, wØePb Ges eûePb n‡Z cv‡i| GKePb GKK‡K,
wØePb ‰ØZ‡K Ges eûePb `y‡qi AwaK‡K D‡jøL K‡i| GwU wµqvi Rb¨I cÖ‡hvR¨|
c~e©eZ©x Aa¨v‡q Avgiv AZxZKv‡ji GKeP‡bi wµqvi iƒc Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| wØePb iƒc AwZ Nb Nb Av‡m bv| cieZ©x cÖôvi
2 Ges 5 bs jvB‡b D‡jøwLZ wµqv¸wj wØePb|
eûeP‡b (AZxZKvj, cÖ_g cyiæl, cyswj½,), j¶¨ Kiæb †h َك َت ُب ْواiƒ‡cGKwU Avwjd ( )اwµqvwUi †k‡l †jLv Av‡Q, wKš‘ Zv
D”PvwiZ nq bv| g`xbv gyknvd c×wZ‡Z †jLvq Avwjd Gi Dci GKwU †QvU e„Ë/ k~b¨ ¯’vcb Kiv nq; GUv eySv‡Z †h GUv
D”PviY Ki‡Z n‡e bv|
( َك َت ْب َنZviv (¯¿x) wj‡LwQj) Ges ( َك َت ْبنَاAvgiv wj‡LwQjvgÕ) GB `yÕwUi g‡a¨ D”PviY I A‡_©i cv_©K¨ j¶¨ Kiæb|
Avfvm (Hint) : ga¨g cyiæl AZxZKv‡ji mKj wµqvi ¯^ ¯^ ¯^Zš¿ me©bv‡gi (Seperate Pronoun) gZ GKB ai‡bi mgvwß
i‡q‡Q| me©bvgmn cÖ‡Z¨K wµqv Nb Nb co‡j gyL¯Í Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i, D`vniY¯^iƒc:
ِ ْت َك َتب
َا ْنت ُْم َك َت ْبت ُْم، ت ِ َان،ْت َك َتب َت
ْ ْ َ َان
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 41
14| Ges hviv Awek¦vm K‡iQ I Avgvi wb`©kbmg~n‡K wg_¨v cÖwZcbœ .َوا َّل ِذ ْي َن َك َف ُر ْوا َوك ََّذ ُب ْوا بِ ٰا ٰيتِنَا
K‡i‡Q (2 t 39)
ب الن َِّار ِ
15| ZvivB Av¸‡bi m½x (2 t 39) ُ ُاو ٰلـئ َك َأ ْص ٰح
Aa¨vq - 15
wµqv t AZxZKvj, ePb Ges wj½
ُ اهللkãwU e¨vKiYMZ fv‡e cyswj½ GKePb, wKš‘ Gi †Kv‡bv wj½ A_© bvB| Bs‡iwR God (‡`eZv) Ges Aviwe اِ ٰل ٌهGi gZ ُ اهللkãwUi †Kv‡bv eûePb iƒc bvB|
Aa¨vq - 16
wµqv: AZxZKvj, cyiæl
cyiæl (صٌ َش ْخ, Person): hLb †Kv‡bv wµqvi iƒc eY©bv Kiv nq ZLb me©bv‡gi gZB DËg cyiæl (First Person), ga¨g cyiæl (Second Person) ev cÖ_g
cyiæl (Third Person) Awfe¨w³¸wj e¨envi Kiv nq|
cyswj½ Ges ¯¿xwj½ wØeP‡bi Rb¨, wµqvi m‡½ me©bvg nj َا ْنتُم: َا ْنت اَُم َك َت ْبتُم
DËg cyiæl (First Person)
e³v wb‡R‡K eySv‡Z †h cyiæl e¨envi K‡i †mUvB DËg cyiæl| h_v Avwg, Avgiv BZ¨vw`| GLv‡b cyswj½ I ¯¿xwj‡½ †Kvb cv_©K¨
bvB| wØePb I eûeP‡bi GKB iƒc; †hgb:
َك َت ْب ُتAvwg (cyswj½ I ¯¿xwj½) wj‡LwQjvg ;
َك َت ْبنَاAvgiv (cyswj½ I ¯¿xwj½ wØePb I eûePb) wj‡LwQjvg
ٌ إِ ْح َسkãwU cÖvqB Abyev` Kiv nq ïay ÕDËgÕ A_ev Ôavwg©KZvÕ wnmv‡e| GUvi AviI A_© nq, †hgb: †kªôZ¡ Ges c‡iv¶fv‡e
ان
GKR‡bi m¶gZvi h_vmva¨ †Póv w`‡q wKQy Kiv†K cÖKvk K‡i | ivmyj (mt) Gi GKwU nv`xm Abymv‡i ان ٌ إِ ْح َسnj Avjøvni
Bev`Z Ggbfv‡e Kiv DwPZ †hb Avcwb hw` Zv‡K bvI †`‡Lb, wZwb Avcbv‡K †`L‡Qb|
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 45
Aa¨vq - 17
wµqv: AZxZKvj-KZ…©evP¨ Ges Kg©evP¨
wµqv KZ©„evP¨xq (Active) nq ZLb hLb Zvi KZ©v (Subject) wb‡RB Kvh© m¤úv`bKvix nq| GKwU wµqv Kg©evP¨xq nq hLb Zvi KZ©v Dn¨
_v‡K Ges K‡g©i Dci Kvh© m¤úv`b Kiv nq |
wµqvi iƒc KZ©„evP¨xq (Active) wKsev Kg©evP¨xq (Passive) n‡q _v‡K| G ch©šÍ Avgiv Aviwe fvlvq AZxZKv‡ji wµqv wb‡q
Av‡jvPbv KiwQjvg †h¸wj KZ©„evP¨xq| wµqv †KejgvÎ KZ©„evP¨xq A_ev Kg©evP¨xq n‡Z cv‡i|
wb‡¤œi evK¨wU jÿ¨ Kiæb:
َخ َل َق اهللُ أْالَ ْر َضAvjøvn c„w_ex m„wó K‡iwQ‡jb
GB ev‡K¨ َخ َل َقwµqvwU KZ©„evP¨xq (Active); ev‡K¨i KZv© (Subject), ُ اهللkãwU GLv‡b Kvh© m¤úv`bKvix|
Kg©evP¨xq wµqv mn‡R †Pbv hvq KviY GUv Ôn‡qwQj + m„wó KivÕ Gi mshyw³| ÔAvgv‡K m„wó Kiv n‡q‡QÕ, ÔAvgv‡`i m„wó Kiv
n‡q‡Q,Õ ÕZv‡`i m„wó Kiv n‡qwQjÕ BZ¨vw` evK¨vewj‡Z wµqv¸wj me Kg©evP¨xq (Passive)|
Aviwe fvlvq AZxZKv‡ji mij wµqv (Simple Verb) Gi Kg©evP¨xq c¨vUvb© ُخ ِل َقGi gZ| cÖ_g g~j A¶‡i Ô†ckÕ _v‡K Ges
wØZxq g~j A¶‡i Ô†hiÕ nq|
KZ„©evP¨xq Kg©evP¨xq
† َق َت َل ْتm (¯¿xwj½) nZ¨v K‡iwQj ُقتِ َل ْتZv‡K (¯¿xwj½) nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQj,
† َذك ََرm ¯§iY K‡iwQj ُذ ِك َرZv‡K ¯§iY Kiv n‡qwQj
َا َم ْر َتZzwg Av‡`k K‡iwQ‡j † ُا ِم ْر َتZvgv‡K Av‡`k Kiv n‡qwQj
† َق َت ْلت ُْمZvgiv nZ¨v K‡iwQ‡j † ُقتِ ْلت ُْمZvgv‡`i‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQ‡j
† ك َُر َمm m¤§vwbZ n‡qwQj ك ُِر َمZv‡K m¤§vwbZ Kiv n‡qwQj
c~e©eZx© Aa¨vqmg~‡n D‡jøLK…Z AZxZKv‡ji KZ©„evP¨xq wµqvmg~‡ni gZ Kg©evP¨xq wµqvmg~‡ni ‡k‡li mshyw³mg~n GKB ai‡Yi|
kãv_©
فٌ ` َض ِع ْيye©j, ـم ْو ُء ْو َد ُة ِ ِ
َ َا ْلRxešÍ cÖw_Z Kb¨v mšÍvb, َس َأ َلwRÁvmv Kiv, َوج َلf‡q †Ku‡c DVv, † ص َيا ٌمivRv,
wmqvg, „` اِ ْست َِق ْمpfv‡e cÖwZwôZ nI|
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 47
Aa¨vq - 18
َق َالwµqvi AZxZKvj
e„nr, e„nËi Ges e„nËg Gi gZ we‡klY‡K h_vµ‡g wbw`©óiƒc (Positive), `yB‡qi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK (Comparative) Ges wZb ev Z‡Zvwa‡Ki
m‡½ m¤úK©evPK ( Superlative) ejv nq| wKš‘ Aviwe fvlvq `yB‡qi g‡a¨ I wZb ev Z‡Zvwa‡Ki m‡½ Zzjbvi Rb¨ GKUvB gvÎ iƒc Av‡Q|
`yBwU wµqv hv KyiAv‡b wewfbœ iƒc wb‡q †ek NbNb Av‡m Zv nj َق َالGes َان
َ َق َال ;كGes َان
َ كGi Avwjd ()اwU IqvI ()و
A¶‡ii cwie‡Z© e‡m‡Q| †mRb¨ َق َالGi g~j A¶img~n nj ق و لGes َان َ كGi g~j A¶img~n nj |ك و نA_©vr Avcwb hw`
Awfav‡b َق َالkãwU †ei Ki‡Z Pvb, Avcbv‡K ق و لGi Aax‡b †`L‡Z n‡e, ق ا لGi Aax‡b bq| †h mg¯Í wµqvi †h †Kv‡bv
GKwU g~j Aÿi وwKsev _ يv‡K Zv‡`i‡K `ye©j wµqv ejv nq| hLb Avgiv َق َالwµqvwUi eZ©gvbKvj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kwi ZLb
wØZxq g~j A¶i وI ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡ewPZ nq| bx‡P َق َالwµqvwUi AZxZKv‡ji m¤ú~Y© avZziƒc †`Iqv nj| Avcwb †`L‡Z cv‡eb
†h, mKj DËg cyiæl I ga¨g cyiæl iƒ‡ci Ges cÖ_g cyiæl ¯¿xwj½ eûeP‡bi ÕAvwjdÕ Z¨vM Kiv n‡q‡Q| hLbB Avwjd Z¨vM Kiv
nq ZLb قـGi Dci GKwU †ck e‡m|
eûePb wØePb GKePb
َقا ُل ْو َقال َق َال cÖ_g cyiæl, cyswj½
ُق ْل َن َقا َلتَا َقا َل ْت cÖ_g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½
ُق ْلت ُْم ُق ْلتُم ُق ْل َت ga¨g cyiæl, cyswj½
ُق ْل ُت َّن ُق ْلتُم تِ ُق ْل ga¨g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½
ُق ْلنَا ُق ْلنَا ُق ْل ُت DËg cyiæl, cys I ¯¿x
َق َالGi Kg©evPK (Passive) iƒc nj ( ِق ْي َلhv ejv n‡q‡Q, hv ejv n‡qwQj) |
we‡klY: `yB‡qi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK Ges wZb ev Z‡Zvwa‡Ki m‡½ m¤úK©evPK
bx‡Pi jvBb bs 1 G D‡jøLK…Z ْب ُ َ َأك رkãwU (A_© Ôe„nËiÕ ev ÔwewkóZiÕ), ( كَبِ رْ ٌيA_© Ôe„nrÕ ev ÔwewkóÕ) we‡klYwUi `yB‡qi
g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK (Comparative) iƒc| eû we‡klY GKB c¨vUv©b AbymiY K‡i| Aviwe fvlvq cyswj½ we‡kl‡Yi `yB‡qi g‡a¨
Zzjbvg~jK iƒc MV‡bi Rb¨ cÖ_g gyj A¶‡ii c~‡e© GKwU Avwjd emv‡bv nq| Zvici cÖ_g g~j A¶‡ii Dci GKwU myKzb emv‡bv
nq| wØZxq g~j A¶i GKwU hei MÖnY K‡i| Wvb w`K †_‡K evgw`‡K co–b|
`yB‡qi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK iƒc (Comparative) wbw`©ó iƒc (Positive)
e„nËi ُ َ كَبِ رْ ٌي َأك رe„nr
ْب
¶z`ªZi َأ ْص َغ ُر َص ِغ رْ ٌي ¶z`ª
wbKUZi َأ ْق َر ُب ب ٌ َق ِر ْي wbKU
AwaKZi َأ ْك َث ُر كَثِ رْ ٌيAwaK
wewkóZi َأ ْع َظ ُم َعظِ ْي ٌمwewkó
Aviwe fvlvq wZb ev Z‡Zvwa‡Ki m‡½ m¤úK©evPK (Superlative) iƒ‡ci Rb¨ `yB‡qi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK (Comparative) iƒcwUB
e¨envi Kiv nq| myZivs ْب ُ َ َأك رkãwUi A_© Ôe„nËiÕ Ges Õe„nËgÕ Dfq n‡Z cv‡i| eY©bv cÖm½ †_‡K Avcwb ej‡Z cvi‡eb
we‡klYwU `yB‡qi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK (Comparative) bv wZb ev Z‡Zvwa‡Ki m‡½ m¤úK©evPK (Superlative)|
كَبِ رْ ٌيGi ¯¿xwj½ nj كَبِ رْ َي ٌة, hvi `yB‡qi m‡½ Zzjbvg~jK iƒc nj ُبى ٰ َْا أْلٰ َي َة ا ْلك ر
ٰ ْ ك ر, hvi A_© ÔwewkóZiÕ ev ÔwewkóZgÕ †hgb: ُبى
(wewkóZg wb`k©b)|
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 49
Aa¨vq - 19
َان
َ كGi AZxZKvj
َ كGi we‡kl¨ KZ…©Kvi‡K (Nominative) nq Ges َان
َان َ كGi we‡aq (Predicate) Kg©Kvi‡K (Accusative) nq|
َ كwµqvwUi AZxZKv‡ji avZziƒ‡ci m¤ú~Y© ZvwjKv †`Iqv nj| Bnv َق َالGi gZ GKB c¨vUvb© AbymiY K‡i|
bx‡P َان
eûePb wØePb GKePb
كَان ُْوا كَانَا َ ك
َان cÖ_g cyiæl, cyswj½
ُك َّن كَا َنتَا َت
ْ كَان cÖ_g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½
ُكنْت ُْم ُكنْتُم ُكن َْت ga¨g cyiæl, cyswj½
ُكنْ ُت َّن ُكنْتُم ِ ُكن
ْت ga¨g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½
ُكنَّا ُكنَّا ُكن ُْت DËg cyiæl,cys I ¯¿x
َّ ُكnj ُكنْ َنGi msKzwPZ iƒc| DËg cyiæl (First Person) eûeP‡bi ُكنَّاnj
cÖ_g cyiæl (Third Person) ¯¿xwj½ eûeP‡bi ن
ُكنْنَاGi msKzwPZ iƒc|
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 51
Aa¨vq - 20
wµqv: eZ©gvbKvj
ِي ِ ُ | َا ْل
ْ َا ْل اَـمGes eZ©gvbKvj (Present Tense) Gi Aviwe nj ـم َضار ُع
AZxZKvj (Past Tense) Gi Aviwe kã nj ض
Ghver Avgiv Aviwe fvlvq AZxZKv‡ji mij wµqv (Simple Verb) Av‡jvPbv K‡i G‡mwQ | GB Aa¨v‡q Avgiv eZ©gvbKvj
Dc¯’vcb Kie hv cªK…Zc‡¶ mKj eZ©gvbKvj Ges fwel¨rKv‡ji cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
g~j wµqvi c~‡e© Ges †k‡l A¶i ms‡hvRb K‡i eZ©gvbKv‡ji iƒc ˆZwi Kiv nq| G †¶‡Î c~‡e©-ms‡hvRb (Prefix) nj cÖ_g
g~j A¶‡ii c~‡e© GKwU A¶i (niKZmn) †hvM Kiv|
A‡šÍ ms‡hvRb (Suffix) (1) niKZ ev (2) g~j A¶i mg~‡ni c‡i A¶i (niKZmn) †hvM K‡i n‡Z cv‡i |
bx‡Pi D`vni‡Y †`Lyb, g~j kã n‡Z wKfv‡e eZ©gvbKvj (cÖ_g cyiæl, cyswj½) ˆZwi Kiv nq| Wvb w`K †_‡K evg w`‡K co–b:
eZ©gvbKvj eZ©gvbKvj g~jwµqv AZxZKvj
(eûePb) (GKePb) (GKePb)
َي ْك ُت ُب ْو َن ُ َي ْكت
ُب َ َكت
َب cÖ_g cyiæl, cyyswj½,
Zviv wj‡L/ Zviv wjL‡Q †m wj‡L/ †m wjL‡Q †m wj‡LwQj
Avcwb Dc‡iv³ eZ©gvbKv‡ji D`vniY j¶¨ Ki‡j †`L‡eb:
(1) GKePb I eûePb A_©vr Dfq eP‡bi cÖ_g cyiæl Gi c~‡e© َيـhy³ n‡q‡Q|
(2) cÖ_g g~j A¶i ـكـGi Dci GKwU myKzb i‡q‡Q |
(3) wØZxq g~j A¶i ـتـGi Dci GKwU †ck i‡q‡Q| wKQy wµqvi wØZxq g~j A¶‡ii Dci hei ev bx‡P †hi n‡Z cv‡i,
D`vniY¯^iƒc:
ي َع ُلْ َ ج/† َج َع َلm ˆZwi K‡iwQj/ †m ˆZwi K‡i; ي َع ُل
ْ َ جGi wØZxq g~j A¶‡ii Dci hei i‡q‡Q|
ِ ِ
َي ْرج ُع/† َر َج َعm wd‡i G‡m‡Q / †m wd‡i Av‡m; َي ْرج ُعGi wØZxq gyj A¶‡ii bx‡P †hi i‡q‡Q|
cÖ‡Z¨K wµqvi Rb¨, Avcbvi gyj A¶i mg~‡ni eZ©gvbKv‡ji iƒc †kLv cÖ‡qvRb, GB Rb¨ †h hv‡Z wØZxq g~j A¶‡ii Dci ev
bx‡P Avcwb mwVK niKZ wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
(4) GKePb iƒcwU GKwU †ck w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q|
(5) eûePb iƒc ـو َن
ُ w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q|
bx‡P cÖ`Ë َجد
َ َسwµqvi eZ©gvbKv‡ji wKQy GKePb I eûeP‡bi As‡ki iƒcvšÍi j¶¨ Kiæb| Wvb w`K †_‡K evg w`‡K co–b|
eûePb GKePb
Zviv mvR`vn K‡i, َي ْس ُجدُ ْو َن †m mvR`vn K‡i, ُ َي ْس ُجدcÖ_g cyiæl,cyswj½
Zviv mvR`vn Ki‡Q †m mvR`vn Ki‡Q
†Zvgviv mvR`vn Ki, جدُ ْو َن ُ ت َْس Zzwg mvR`vn Ki, ُجد ُ ت َْسga¨g cyiæl, cyswj½
†Zvgiv mvR`vn KiQ Zzwg mvR`vn KiQ,
Avgiv mvR`vn Kwi, ُ ن َْس ُجد Avwg mvR`vn Kwi, ُ َأ ْس ُجدDËg cyiæl, cys I ¯¿x
Avgiv mvR`vn KiwQ Avwg mvR`vn KiwQ
j¶¨ Kiæb, †h:
- c~e© mshyw³ تَـGLv‡b ga¨g cyiæl,ÔZzwgÕ D‡jøL K‡i|
- c~e© mshyw³ أA¶iwU ÔAvwgÕ D‡jøL K‡i ; c~e© mshyw³ نَـA¶iwU ÔAvgivÕ D‡jøL K‡i|
- me‡ÿ‡Î cÖ_g g~j A¶i سGi Dci myKzb i‡q‡Q|
- cÖ_g cyiæl, cyswj½ eûePb I ga¨g cyiæl, cyswj½ eûePb Dfq iƒc ـو َنُ w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q|
j¶¨ Kiæb †h Dc‡iv³ wµqvi eZ©gvbKv‡ji iƒcvšÍi n‡q‡Q wb‡`©kK fve (Indicative Mood) G| GUv cieZx© Aa¨v‡q e¨vL¨v
Kiv n‡e|
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 53
Aa¨vq 21
wµqv: eZ©gvbKvj
c~e©eZx© Aa¨v‡q Avgiv D‡jøL K‡iwQ †h eZ©gvbKv‡ji wµqvi gv‡Si g~j A¶‡i †ck, hei ev †hi n‡Z cv‡i| bx‡P D`vniYmn
eZ©gvbKv‡ji َب َ َكتwµqvi iƒc¸wj Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj|
Avcwb mKj †¶‡Î j¶¨ Ki‡eb †h:
(1) c~e©mshyw³ َ يـcÖ_g cyiæl (Third Person) Gi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i,
(2) c~e©mshyw³ تَـga¨g cyiæl Gi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i (e¨wZµg nj cÖ_g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½, GKePb I wØePb),
(3) c~e©mshyw³ َأDËg cyiæl ÔAvwgÕ Gi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i,
(4) c~e©mshyw³ نَـDËg cyiæl ÔAvgivÕ Gi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i,
(5) mvaviY wbq‡gi e¨wZµg bq Ggb wµqv (Regular Verb) Gi cÖ_g g~j A¶i me©vs‡k myKzb MÖnY K‡i|
eûePb wØePb GKePb
َي ْك ُت ُب ْو َن ِ ي ْك ُتب
ان َ َ ُب ُ َي ْكت cÖ_g cyiæl, cyswj½
َي ْك ُت ْب َن َِت ْك ُتبان
َ ُبُ َت ْكت cÖ_g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½
َت ْك ُت ُب ْو َن َِت ْك ُتبان
َ ُب ُ َت ْكت ga¨g cyiæl, cyswj½
َت ْك ُت ْب َن َِت ْك ُتبان َ َْت ْكتُبِ ن
ي
َ ga¨g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½
ُبُ َن ْكت ُ َن ْكت
ُب ُب ُ َأ ْكت DËg cyiæl, cys I ¯¿x
Aa¨vq - 22
wµqv: eZ©gvbKvj Ges fwel¨rKvj
ُ َا ْل/ Weak Verb) A_©vr †h mg¯Í wµqvq g~j Aÿi wnmv‡e وev _ ىv‡K; G‡`i iƒcvšÍi Avjv`vfv‡e †kLv cÖ‡qvRb| GB ch©v‡q,
`ye©j wµqv (ـم ْعت َُّل
eY©bv cÖm‡½ ‡h mg¯Í `ye©j wµqvmg~‡ni e¨envi Kiv nq †m¸wj‡K fvjfv‡e c‡o †bIqv hvq|
ِ
َ َكتwµqv‡K GKwU mylg/ wbqgvbyM ( ـم
َب ٌ َسال/ Regular Verb ) wµqv wnmv‡e eY©bv Kiv nq|
cieZx© c„ôvi 1bs jvB‡b ewY©Z wµqv †( َي َشا ُءm B”Qv K‡i), َشا َءwµqvi eZ©gvbKvj iƒc hv GKwU `ye©j wµqv (Weak Verb)|
†Kv‡bv wµqv‡K ـم ْعت َُّل
ُ `( َا ْلye©j/ Weak) wµqv ejv n‡e ZLbB:
(1) hLb wµqvwUi †h †Kv‡bv GKwU g~j A¶i `ye©j A¶i (Week letter) A_©vr وev ىnq |
(2) hLb wØZxq I Z…Zxq g~j A¶iØq GKB A¶i nq, †hgb † َض َل َل( َض َّلm wec‡_ P‡j wM‡qwQj)|
َشا َءGKwU `ye©j wµqv KviY Gi g~j َش ِي َأev †( َر َأ َي ; َش ِي َىm †`‡LwQj) I GKwU `ye©j wµqv, eZ©gvbKvj iƒc †( َي َرىm
†`‡L); cÖvqkB wewfbœ iƒ‡c KyiÕAv‡b e¨envi n‡q‡Q| AZxZKv‡j GUv wbqwgZ m¤ú~Y©fv‡e iƒcvšÍi (conjugate) Kiv nq| Z‡e,
eZ©gvbKv‡j, gv‡Si g~j A¶i nvg&hv mn Avwjd ev` †`Iqv nq| ZLb cÖ_g g~j A¶i رhei MÖnY K‡i|
eZ©gvbKvj AZxZKvj
†m †`‡L َي َرى َر َأي †m †`‡LwQj
†m (¯¿x‡jvK) †`‡L ت ََرى َر َا ْت †m (¯¿x‡jvK) †`‡LwQj
Zzwg (cyswj½, GKePb) †`L ت ََرى َر َأ ْي َت Zzwg (cyswj½, GKePb) †`‡LwQ‡j
ت َِر ْي َن تِ ر َأي
Zzwg (¯¿xwj½, GKePb) †`L ْ َ Zzwg (¯¿xwj½, GKePb) †`‡LwQ‡j
Avwg †`wL َأ َرى َر َأ ْي ُت Avwg (cyswj½ I ¯¿xwj½) †`‡LwQjvg
`ye©j wµqvmg~‡ni iƒc¸wj Avjv`v Avjv`v fv‡e †kLvi cÖ‡qvRb| GB ch©v‡q GB wµqv¸wj m¤¢eZ me‡P‡q fvjfv‡e †kLv hvq
†m¸wj †hLv‡b e¨envi n‡q‡Q Zvi eY©bvcÖm½ †_‡K|
fwel¨rKvj (Future):
(1) eZ©gvbKv‡ji iƒc †_‡KB fwel¨rKvj cÖKvk Kiv nq: eY©bv cÖm½ Avcbv‡K e‡j †`‡e D‡jøwLZ wµqvwU fwel¨r wK bv|
cieZx© c„ôvi 11bs jvB‡b ي َم ُع ِ
ْ َ جwµqvwUi A_© nj ÔwZwb GKÎ Ki‡ebÕ| 14bs jvB‡b ب
ُ َتكْسkãwUi A_©, ÔZzwg AR©b
Ki‡eÕ, †hLv‡b GwU ¿¯( َن ْف ٌسxevPK) kãwUi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
(2) فَ َس ْوkãwU w`‡qI fwel¨Z eySv‡bv nq Ges Zv eZ©gvbKvj wµqviƒ‡ci cy‡e© emv‡bv nq, †hgb: ف َت ْع َل ُم ْو َن
َ ( َس ْوZzwg
Rvb‡Z cvi‡e)| c~e©-mshyw³ (Prefix) wnmv‡e فَ َس ْوAe¨qwUi msw¶ß iæc َسـwnmv‡eI e¨eüZ nq, †hgb 12bs jvB‡b
ُ( َس َي ْج َع ُل اهللAvjøvn ˆZwi Ki‡eb) |
kãv_©:
َأ ُس َو ُاق/ُس ْو ٌق evRvi/ evRvi mg~n س
ٌ ُْع ر KvwVb¨, cÖwZeÜK َر ْأ ٌس gv_v
َغدً ا AvMvgx Kvj سٌ ُْي ر Avivg, kvwšÍ ُخ ْب ٌز iæwU, RxweKv
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 57
Aa¨vq - 23
mv‡c¶fve
Aviwe fvlvi mv‡c¶fve ‰Zwii Rb¨ eZ©gvbKv‡ji wµqvi wb‡`©kKfve Gi mvgvb¨ cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq |
ev‡K¨i cÖavb wµqvi c‡i mv‡c¶fve Gi wµqv e¨eüZ nq|
• mv‡c¶fve Gi GKwU mvaviY e¨envi nj Av‡`k Kiv, Kvgbv Kiv, fq Kiv Ges Abyiƒc wµqvmg~‡ni c‡i emv| D`vniY¯^iƒc cieZx©
c„ôvi 1bs jvBb Aviwe fvlvi wµqv hvi Abyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q Ô†L‡ZÕ nj mv‡c¶fve hvi cÖavb wµqv ÕAvgiv PvBÕ Gi c‡i i‡q‡Q|
• mv‡c¶fve c~e©eZ©x Ae¨q Gi m‡½ hy³ _v‡K ev Gi Øviv wbqwš¿Z; GB Ae¨q¸wj‡K Avgiv wbqvgK (Controller) eje| KLbI KLbI
ÔKiv DwPZÕ; ÔKwiZÕ, Ôcv‡iÕ, ÔcviZÕ wµqvi Ask wnmv‡e †`‡L mv‡c¶fve wPwýZ Kiv hvq|
eZ©gvbKv‡ji wµqvi iƒ‡ci wZbwU fve (Mood) Av‡Q, h_v: wb‡`©kKfve ( َم ْر ُف ْو ٌع/ Indicative), mv‡c¶fve (وب ٌ َمن ُْص/
Subjunctive) Ges hymxffve (ـج ُز ْو ٌم
ْ َم/ Jussive) | Avgiv Aa¨vq-21 G †`‡LwQ ‡h wb‡`©kKfve G eZ©gvbKv‡ji †h wµqv
iƒc¸wj g~j A¶i w`‡q †kl nq, H A¶‡ii Dci †ck _v‡K| D`vniY¯^iƒc َي ْع َل ُمGes َين ِْز ُلkã `yÕwU wb‡`©kKfve G i‡q‡Q|
ِ ِ
Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡K †ck w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q| الس اَمء َّ َي ْع َل ُم َما َين ِْز ُل م َنwZwb Rv‡bb Avmgvb †_‡K wK †b‡g Av‡m|
hLb eZ©gvbKv‡ji wµqv, †Kv‡bv kã ev Ae¨q Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq ZLb wµqvmg~‡ni mgvwß ev AšÍ-mshyw³ (Suffix) cÖfvevwš^Z nq|
bx‡Pi Dcev‡K¨ (Clause), ( ِلhv‡Z) Ae¨qwU َي ْع َل ُمwµqvwU‡K wbqš¿Y Kivi Kvi‡Y †ck Gi cwie‡Z© hei w`‡q ‡kl n‡q‡Q:-
ِ
ُ ُ ل َي ْع َل َم اهللُ َم ْن َين رhv‡Z Avjøvn Rvb‡Z cv‡ib Zv‡K †K mvnvh¨ K‡i|
ْص ُه
َي ْع َل َمkãwU mv‡c¶fve G i‡q‡Q e‡j ejv nq| mv‡c¶fve Gi c~‡e© wb‡gœv³ Ae¨q¸wj e¨eüZ nq| GB Ae¨q¸wj‡K Avgiv
wbqvgK (Controller) eje:
† َأ ْنh; اَل = َأل+ † َأ ْنh bv; َل ْنKLbI bv; لِ َئلhv‡Z bv; ِلhv‡Z;
ك َْىhv‡Z; َحتَّىhZ¶Y ch©šÍ; َك ْيلhv‡Z bv
َ َكتiƒcvšÍi wbgœiƒc:
ٌ ) َمن ُْص- G َب
wµqvi mv‡c¶fve (وب
eûePb wØePb GKePb
َي ْك ُت ُب ْوا َي ْك ُت َبا ُبَ َي ْكت cÖ_g cyiæl, cys
َي ْك ُت ْب َن َت ْك ُت َبا َ َت ْكت
ُب cÖ_g cyiæl, ¯¿x
َت ْك ُت ُب ْوا َت ْك ُت َبا َ َت ْكت
ُب ga¨g cyiæl, cys
َت ْك ُت ْب َن َت ْك ُت َبا َت ْكتُبِى ga¨g cyiæl, ¯¿x
ُبَ َن ْكت َ َن ْكت
ُب ُب َ َأ ْكت DËg cyiæl, cys I ¯¿x
ِ
ْ َل, إِ َذ ْن, َحتَّى, ك َْى, ل َئل, َأ ْن لGes ِل
wbqvgKmg~n (Controllers): َأن, ن
Avcwb j¶¨ Kiæb †h mv‡c¶fve G:
(1) wµqvi †h mKj iƒ‡ci †kl g~j A¶‡ii c‡i †Kv‡bv mshyw³ A¶i †bB, Zv‡`i wb‡`©kKfve Gi †k‡l g~j A¶‡i †ck
ُ َي ْكتn‡Z ُب
cwieZ©xZ n‡q hei n‡q‡Q, †hgb: ُب َ | َي ْكت
(2) wµqvi †h mKj iƒc †kl n‡q‡Q َنw`‡q Ges GB َنGi c~‡e© †kl g~j A¶‡ii c‡i GKwU gvÏ Gi A¶i Av‡Q, †m¸wji
َنwejy&Z nq | ZLb ga¨g cyiæl Ges cÖ_g cyiæl cyswj½ eûeP‡bi c‡i, GKwU gvÏ Gi A¶‡ii ci Avwjd †hvM nq,
†hgb: َي ْك ُت ُب ْو َنn‡Z | َي ْك ُت ُب ْوا
(3) ga¨g cyiæl I cÖ_g cyiæl eûePb ¯¿xwj½ iƒc¸wj AcwieZ©xZ _v‡K A_©vr wb‡`©kKfve mv‡c¶fve I hymxffve Gi iƒc
GKB|
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hymxffve
hymxffve (ـج ُز ْو ٌم
ْ ) َمGi †gŠwjK A_© nj Kvgbv Kiv ev Av‡`k Kiv, †hgb: ÔZv‡K wjL‡Z ‡`Iqv †nvKÕ; Aviwe fvlvq GB fve Gi Ab¨vb¨
e¨enviI Av‡Q: * wb‡lavÁv ev Negative Command,
* AZxZKv‡j †Kv‡bv KvR Kivi A¯^xK…wZ (Negating the past tense) cÖKvk Kiv|
mv‡c¶fve Gi gZ, wbw`©ó K‡qKwU Ae¨q wbqvgK (Controller) wnmv‡e hymxffve Gi c~‡e© e‡m|
eZ©gvbKv‡ji wb‡`©kKfve wµqv iƒc †_‡K eZ©gvbKv‡ji hymxffve Gi wµqv iƒc MVb Kiv nq:
ْ ; َي ْكت
• †h mKj wµqvi iƒc g~j A¶i w`‡q †kl nq †m mKj wµqvi †kl A¶‡i niKZ D‡V wM‡q myKzb e‡m, †hgb: ُب
• Ab¨vb¨ iƒc mv‡c¶fve (Subjunctive Mood) Gi gZ GKB|
َ َكتwµqvi hymxffve (ـج ُز ْو ٌم
َب ْ َم/ Jussive Mood) Gi iƒcvšÍi bx‡P †`Iqv n‡jv:
eûePb wØePb GKePb
َي ْك ُت ُب ْوا َي ْك ُت َبا ْ َي ْكت
ُب cÖ_g cyiæl, cyswj½
َي ْك ُت ْب َن َت ْك ُت َبا ْ َت ْكت
ُب cÖ_g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½
َت ْك ُت ُب ْوا َت ْك ُت َبا ْ َت ْكت
ُب ga¨g cyiæl, cyswj½
َت ْك ُت ْب َن َت ْك ُت َبا َت ْكتُبِى ga¨g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½
ُبْ َن ْكت ْ َن ْكت
ُب ْ َأ ْكت
ُب DËg cyiæl, cys/ ¯¿x
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AbyÁvfve
Bs‡iwR Imperative Mood kãwUi evsjv nj AbyÁvfve| Bs‡iwR Imperative kãwU j¨vwUb Õto commandÕ K_v †_‡K G‡m‡Q, hvi
evsjv nj ÕAv‡`k KivÕ Ges Gi h_vh_ Aviwe cÖwZkã nj ( َأ ْم ٌرAvgi)|
Aviwe fvlvq Aek¨ ( َأ ْم ٌرGKwU Av‡`k), ب
ٌ ( َط َلGKwU Aby‡iva) Ges ( ُد َعا ٌءGKwU wgbwZ/ `yÕAv) Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ K‡i| Z‡e GB
wZbwUi Rb¨ wµqvi iƒc GKB|
hymxffve (ـج ُز ْو ٌم
ْ َم/ Jussive) Gi ga¨g cyiæl †_‡K wb‡gœ ewY©Z c×wZ‡Z AbyÁvfve (Imperative) MVb Kiv nq|
(1) c~e© mshyw³ تَـGes Gi niKZ wejyß Ki‡Z n‡e|
(2) تev` †`Iqvi ci cÖ_g g~j AÿiwU hw` myKzb wewkó nq, Zvn‡j cÖ_‡gB GKwU Avwjd ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z n‡e |
(3) GB Avwjd Gi Dc‡i †ck w`‡Z n‡e hw` cieZx© wØZxq g~j A¶‡i †ck _v‡K Ges hw` cieZx© wØZxq g~j A¶‡i hei
ev †hi _v‡K Zv n‡j Avwjd Gi bx‡P †hi w`‡Z n‡e|
AbyÁvfve Gi mgvwß hymxf ga¨g cyiæ‡li gZ GKB| AbyÁvfve e¨envi Kiv nq ïay gvÎ hymxffve Gi ga¨g cyiæl n‡Z |
c~e© mshyw³ تَــev` †`Iqvi ci hv _v‡K Zv hw` niKZ hy³ A¶i nq, Zvn‡j c~e©mshyw³ Avwjd Gi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e bv|
Ave„wË Kivi mgq hw` c~e©eZx© A¶i I niK‡Zi m‡½ AbyÁvfve hy³ nq, Zvn‡j D”Pvi‡Y AbyÁvfv‡ei †hvMK…Z Avwjd
(nvghvZzj-Iqvm&j) Gi D”PviY Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
c‡ii c„ôvq jvBb bs 12†Z ي َ ْ ُمت َِّق نkãwU evsjvq Abyev` bv K‡i Aviwe D”PviY evsjvq †jLv n‡q‡Q, َّـقى
ِ متGi eûePb hvi
ُ
gyj A_© Kiv nq Ôwhwb mZK©Õ| Avjøvni wbשvwiZ mxgv j•Nb bv Kiv m¤^‡Ü Ges Zvi wb‡Ri I A‡b¨i ¶wZ Kiv m¤^‡Ü †m mZK©|
ÔgyËvKxbÕ kãwU wewfbœfv‡e Abyev` Kiv nq- ÔAvjøvn m‡PZbÕ, Ôhuviv Avjøvn‡K fq K‡ibÕ, Ôavwg©K GKRbÕ, Ôb¨vqcivqY GKRbÕ
A_ev Ôm‡PZb GKRbÕ| Ôm‡PZb GKRbÕ Abyev`wU ÔgyËvKxbÕ Gi †gŠwjK A‡_©i Lye KvQvKvwQ Av‡m|
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eZ©gvbKv‡ji Kg©evP¨
eZ©gvbKv‡ji Kg©evP¨xq wµqvi †k‡l mshy³ (Suffix), KZ…©evP¨xq (Active) iƒc Gi gZ GKB|
eZ©gvbKv‡ji mij wbqvgvbyM wµqv (Simple regular verb) Gi Kg©evP¨xq iƒc ˆZwi Ki‡Z:
• c~‡e© mshy³ A¶‡ii Dci †ck w`‡Z n‡e,
• cÖ_g g~j A¶‡ii Dci myKzb w`‡Z n‡e,
• wØZxq g~j A¶‡ii Dci hei w`‡Z n‡e|
eZ©gvbKv‡ji Kg©evP¨xq (Passive of the Present Tense) wµqvi †k‡l mshyw³ (Suffix) KZ…©evP¨xq (Active Voice) Gi
gZB nq| bx‡P co–b:
g‡b ivLv `iKvi †h, wµqvi eZ©gvbKvj iƒc e¨envi Kiv nq eZ©gvb I fwel¨r Dfq Kvj cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨|
NUgvb AZxZKvj A_ev Af¨vmMZ KvR (Past Continous or habitual action)
cieZx© c„ôvi jvBb bs 8 G AZxZKv‡ji wµqv ُكنْت ُْمGKwU D`vniY hv Aci GKwU eZ©gvbKvj iƒc wµqv َت ْع َم ُل ْونGi m‡½
e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
َ ك+ eZ©gvb KvjÕ Gi GB mshyw³ AZxZKv‡ji GKUvbv KvR A_ev Af¨vmMZ Kv‡Ri aviYv cÖ`vb Kivi Rb¨
Aviwefvlvq Ô َان
e¨envi nq |
كَان ُْوا َي ْع َم ُل ْو َن- Zviv Ki‡ZwQj (AZxZ NUgvb)
كَان ُْوا َي ْع َم ُل ْو َن- Zviv Ki‡Z Af¨¯Í wQj (Af¨vmMZ KvR)
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wµqv َق َالGi eZ©gvbKvj
†h‡nZz َق َالwµqvwUi wewfbœ iƒc KyiÕAv‡b NbNb Av‡m, †m‡nZz bx‡P GB wµqvi eZ©gvbKv‡ji wZb ai‡Yi avZziƒc D‡jøL
Kiv nj: wb‡`©kKfve ( َم ْر ُف ْو ٌع/ Indicative mood), mv‡c¶fve (ب
ٌ َمن ُْص ْو/ Subjunctive mood) Ges hymxffve (ـج ُز ْو ٌم
ْ َم/
Jussive mood)| Gi m‡½ AbyÁvfve ( َأ ْم ٌر/ Imperative mood) I †`Iqv nj|
wb‡`©kKfve ( ) َم ْر ُف ْو ٌع
eûePb wØePb GKePb
َي ُق ْو ُل ْو َن َي ُق ْو اَل ِن َي ُق ْو ُل cÖ_g cyiæl, cyswj½
َي ُق ْل َن َت ُق ْو اَل ِن َت ُق ْو ُل cÖ_g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½
َت ُق ْو ُل ْو َن َت ُق ْو اَل ِن َت ُق ْو ُل ga¨g cyiæl, cyswj½
َت ُق ْل َن َت ُق ْو اَل ِن َ َْت ُق ْولِ ن
ي ga¨g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½
َن ُق ْو ُل َن ُق ْو ُل َأ ُق ْو ُل DËg cyiæl, cys I ¯¿x
mv‡c¶fve (ب
ٌ ) َمن ُْص ْو
َي ُق ْو ُل ْوا َي ُق ْول َي ُق ْو َل cÖ_g cyiæl, cyswj½
َي ُق ْل َن َت ُق ْول َت ُق ْو َل cÖ_g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½
َت ُق ْو ُل ْوا َت ُق ْول َت ُق ْو َل ga¨g cyiæl, cyswj½
َت ُق ْل َن َت ُق ْول َت ُق ْو ىِ ْل ga¨g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½
َن ُق ْو َل َن ُق ْو َل َأ ُق ْو َل DËg cyiæl, cys I ¯¿x
ga¨g cyiæl hymxffve †_‡K تَـ Aejyß K‡i AbyÁvfve MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
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wµqv َان
َ كGi eZ©gvbKvj
َأ ُك ْن، َت ُك ْن، َي ُك ْنhymxffve (Jussive) kã¸wji msw¶ß iƒc nj h_vµ‡g َأ ُك، َك
ُ ت،| َي ُك
†h‡nZz َان َ كwµqvwUi wewfbœ iƒc Lye Nb Nb KyiAvÕ‡b Av‡m, †m‡nZz bx‡P GB wµqvwUi eZ©gvbKv‡ji wZb ai‡bi wµqviƒc
D‡jøL Kiv nj, h_v: wb‡`©kKfve ( َم ْر ُف ْو ٌع/ Indicative mood), mv‡c¶fve (ب ٌ َمن ُْص ْو/ Subjunctive mood) Ges hymxffve
(ـج ُزو ٌم َ
ْ َم/ Jussive mood) | Gi m‡½ AbyÁvfve ( أ ْم ٌر/ Imperative) I ‡hvM †`Iqv nj|
wb‡`©kKfve () َم ْر ُف ْو ٌع
eûePb wØePb GKePb
َيك ُْون ُْو َن َانِ يكُون َيك ُْو ُن
ْ َ cÖ_g cyiæl, cyswj½
َي ُك َّن ِ َتكُون
َان َتك ُْو ُن
ْ cÖ_g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½
َتك ُْون ُْو َن َِتكُونَان َتك ُْو ُن
ْ ga¨g cyiæl, cyswj½
َت ُك َّن ِ َتكُون
َان ْ َ َْتك ُْونِ ن
ي ga¨g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½
َنك ُْو ُن َنك ُْو ُن َأك ُْو ُن DËg cyiæl, cys I ¯¿x
mv‡c¶fve (ب
ٌ ) َمن ُْص ْو
َيك ُْون ُْوا َيك ُْونَا َيك ُْو َن cÖ_g cyiæl, cyswj½
َي ُك َّن َتك ُْونَا َتك ُْو َن cÖ_g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½
َتك ُْون ُْوا َتك ُْونَا َتك ُْو َن ga¨g cyiæl, cyswj½
َت ُك َّن َتك ُْونَا َتك ُْونِ ْى ga¨g cyiæl, ¯¿xwj½
َنك ُْو َن َنك ُْو َن َأك ُْو َن DËg cyiæl, cy I ¯¿x
hymxffve †_‡K c~e©-mshyw³ (Prefix) تَـAejyß K‡i AbyÁvfve MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
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KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨ Ges Kg©evPK we‡kl¨
ِ ِ
Aviwe fvlvq KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨( ) ا ْس ِم َفاع ٌلKg© Ges †h Kg© K‡i Dfq‡K eySvq| KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨‡K GKwU we‡kl¨ (Noun) e‡j MY¨ Kiv nq;
ِ
hvi MVb, mgvwß, wj½, ePb Ges KviK (Case) wewfbœ n‡Z cv‡i| Aviwe fvlvq Kg©evPK we‡kl¨ ( † )ا ْس ِم َم ْف ُع ْو ٌلKI GKwU we‡kl¨ (Noun)
ِ ِ ِ
wnmv‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| َف َع َلwµqv‡K bgybv a‡i ا ْس ِم َفاع ٌلGes ا ْس ِم َم ْف ُع ْو ٌلGi bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
ِ اِس ِم َف/ Active Participle)
KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨ (اع ٌل ْ
ِ ِ
Aviwe fvlvq, َب َ ٌ |كَاتGUv َفاع ٌلc¨vUv‡b©i
َ كتGi gZ wZbwU g~j A¶i wewkó mvaviY wµqv (1bs dig) Gi KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨ ب
gZ| cÖ_g g~j A¶‡ii c‡i GKwU gv‡Ïi Avwjd †hvM Kiv nq; wØZxq g~j A¶‡i †hi w`‡Z nq| Aviwe fvlvq KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨
Kg© (Action) Ges †h Kg© K‡i Dfq‡K eySvq| GB fv‡e:
KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨ A_© wµqv A_©
ِ
بٌ كَات whwb †j‡Lb َ َكت
َب †jLv
ٌَِعابد whwb Bev`Z K‡ib ََع َبد Bev`Z Kiv
ِكَافر َك َف َر
ٌ †h Awek¦vmx Awek¦vm Kiv
Zv-gvieyZvÕ †hvM Ki‡j KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨ ¯¿xwj½ n‡q hvq| KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨ cÖvqB AUzU eûePb (sound plural) mgvwß wnmv‡e
MÖnY K‡i t
eûePb (Kg©/ m¤^Ü KviK) eûePb (KZ…©KviK) GKePb wj½
ِ
َعابِد ْي َن َعابِدُ ْو َن ٌَعابِد cyswj½
ٍَعابِدَ ات ات ٌ ََعابِد َعابِدَ ٌة ¯¿xwj½
KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨ Gi eûePb wehy³ eûePb (Broken Plural)I n‡Z cv‡i:
wehy³ eûePb AUzU eûePb GKePb
ُع َل اَم ُء ـم ْو َن ِ ِ
ُ َعال ـم
ٌ َعال
ُك َّف ٌار كَافِ ُر ْو َن كَافِ ٌر
Kg©evPK we‡kl¨( اِ ْس ِم َم ْف ُع ْو ٌل/ Passive Participle):
ÔcÎwU wjwLZ n‡qwQjÕ GB ev‡K¨ ÔcÎwU Õ AskUzKz‡K Ô†jLvÕ wµqvi Kg©evPK we‡kl¨|
Aviwe fvlvq wµqvi 1bs dig Gi Kg©evPK we‡kl¨ َم ْف ُع ْو ٌلcvU©v‡bi| GB Kg©evPK we‡kl¨¸wj AUzU eûeP‡bi mgvwßi gZ|
Kg©evPK we‡kl¨ Gi D`vniY:
A_© Kg©evPK we‡kl¨ wµqv
hv wjwLZ n‡q‡Q َم ْكت ُْو ٌب َب َ َكت
†h mv¶¨ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q َم ْش ُه ْو ٌد ََش ِهد
hv ÁvZ َم ْع ُل ْو ٌم َع ِل َم
Kg©evPK we‡kl¨‡K we‡kl¨ wnmv‡eI MY¨ Kiv nq| ÔZv-gvieyZvÕ w`‡q mgvwß n‡j Kg©evPK we‡kl¨ ¯¿xwj½ n‡q hvq Ges GwU
AUzU eûePb (Sound Plural) mgvwß MÖnY K‡i|
A_© eûePb(Kg©/ m¤^Ü KviK) eûePb (KZ…©KviK) GKePb wj½
hv GKwÎZ Kiv n‡q‡Q ي ِ
َ ْجَم ْ ُم ْوع ن جَم ْ ُم ْو ُع ْو َن جَم ْ ُم ْو ٌع cyswj½
hv wjwLZ n‡q‡Q
ٍ
َم ْكت ُْو َبات ات ٌ َم ْكت ُْو َب َم ْكت ُْو َب ٌة ¯¿xwj½
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wµqv †_‡K kãvewj
wµqvevPK we‡kl¨ (Verbal Noun/Noun of Action), ¯’vbevPK we‡kyl¨ (Noun of Place) Ges mgqevPK we‡kl¨ (Noun of Time) mvaviYZ
wbשvwiZ c¨vUvb© Abymv‡i MwVZ nq| GB c¨vU©vb¸wj m¤^‡Ü Ávb, Avcbv‡K k‡ãi Ávb I mwVKfv‡e covi ¶gZv e„w× Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z
cv‡i|
Aviwe fvlvq KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨ I Kg©evPK we‡kl¨ (c~e©eZx Aa¨vq †`Lyb) QvovI wµqv †_‡K Ab¨vb¨ kã MwVZ n‡q _v‡K| GB
Aa¨v‡q Avgiv wµqvevPK we‡kl¨, ¯’vbevPK I KvjevPK we‡kl¨ Ges hš¿evPK we‡kl¨ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie|
wµqvevPK we‡kl¨ ( َأ ْس اَم ُء ا ْل ِف ْع ِل/ صدَ ُر َ َا ْلVerbal Noun ev Noun of Action)
ْ ـم
c~e©eZx© Aa¨vq¸wj‡Z Ges kã ZvwjKvq, civgk© †`Iqv n‡q‡Q †h wµqv wkL‡Z n‡e Zvi AZxZKvj Ges eZ©gvbKv‡ji iƒcmn|
Gi m‡½ wµqvevPK we‡kl¨ †kLvI `iKvi| GwU Avcbvi kã cwiwPwZ e„w× Kivi GKwU DËg cš’v| GKUv fvj Aviwe Awfavb
wµqvevPK we‡kl¨mg~‡ni ZvwjKv cÖ`vb Ki‡e|
A_© wµqvevPK we‡kl¨ wµqv-eZ©gvbKvj wµqv-AZxZKvj
evB‡i hvIqv, cÖ¯’vb ُخ ُر ْو ٌج خَي ُْر ُج َخ َر َج
¯§„wZ ِذك ٌْر َي ْذك ُُر َذك ََر
‰ah© بٌ َْص ر ُ َِي ْص ر
ب بَ ََص ر
j¶¨ Kiæb †h Dc‡iv³ wµqvePK we‡kl¨¸wj ُف ُع ْو ٌل, فِ ْع ٌلGes َف ْع ٌلc¨vUv‡b©i| Ab¨vb¨ wµqvi 1bs di‡gi wµqvevPK we‡kl¨
َف َع ٌلc¨vU©v‡biI n‡Z cv‡i, D`vniY¯^iƒc ص
ٌ َ| َب ر
wµqvevPK we‡kl¨ Gi Abyev`
(1) wµqvevPK we‡kl¨‡K KLbI cyiæl ev ePb e¨wZ‡i‡K wµqvfve-cÖKvkK (Infinitive) wnmv‡e Abyev` Kiv nq, †hgb:
اس َت ْئ َذن ُْو َك لِ ْل ُخ ُر ْو ِج
ْ َفmyZivs Zviv P‡j †h‡Z †Zvgvi AbygwZ †P‡qwQj (Av¶wiKfv‡e, P‡j hvevi) (9 t 83)|
(2) Aviwe fvlvq wµqvevPK we‡kl¨‡K DcevK¨ (Clause) wnmv‡eI Abyev` Kiv hvq, †hgb: َقدْ َك َف ْرت ُْم َب ْعدَ إِ ْي اَمنِك ُْمGes
‡Zvgiv Cgvb Avbvi ci Kzdix K‡iQ; ( 9 t 66)|
(3) wµqvevPK we‡kl¨ Gi Kg©KviK iƒc (Accusstive) we‡klY Gi gva¨‡g ˆewkóhy³ Kiv hvq, †hgb: َف ُق ْو اَل َل ُه َق ْو اًل َل ِّينًا- Ges
Zvi m‡½ bgªfv‡e K_v ej (Av¶wiKfv‡e: Ges Zvi m‡½ K_v ej bgª K_v)|
ِ َأسمء ا ْلـمكGes ان ِ الزم
¯’vbevPK we‡kl¨ I KvjevPK we‡kl¨ ( َان َ ُ َْ ا َ َّ َأ ْس اَم ُء/Nouns of Place & Time)
َف َع َلwµqv‡K bgybv wnmv‡e e¨envi K‡i wµqvi 1bs dig †_‡K ÔwggÕ A¶i hy³ K‡i wZbwU c¨vUv‡b© GB we‡kl¨¸wj MVb Kiv
nq: َم ْف َع ٌل, َم ْف ِع ٌل, َم ْف َع َل ٌة
GB mKj we‡kl¨¸wji eûeP‡bi iƒc اع ُل ِ م َفc¨vUv‡b©i hv Zvbfxb MÖnY K‡i bv|
َ
GKeP‡b A_© eûePb ¯’vbevPK we‡kl wµqv AZxZKvj A_©
ِ مس
ُاجد ٌَم ْس ِجد ََس َجد
mvR`vn Kivi ¯’vb ev mgq َ َ mvR`vn Kiv
evm¯’vb, Avevm
ِ
َم َساك ُن ـَ ٌة/َم ْس َك ٌن َس َك َن evm Kiv
Kei َم َقابِ ُر َ ََم ْق ر
ب ٌة َ ََق ر
ب Kei †`Iqv
Aa¨vq - 31
D™¢vweZ wµqv 2bs dig
GB †gŠwjK dig (1bs dig) †_‡K wbgœiƒcfv‡e wµqvi D™¢vweZ dig MVb Kiv nq (ms‡hvRbx 3 †`Lyb)|
• GKwU g~j A¶i‡K wØZ¡ (doubling) K‡i,
• GKwU g~j A¶‡ii m‡½ g‡`i A¶i hy³ K‡i,
• c~e© mshyw³ wnmv‡e A_ev g~j A¶i¸wji gv‡S Ab¨ A¶img~n †hvM K‡i,
• Dc‡ii ¸wji GKwU mswgkªY K‡i|
D™¢vweZ bqwU di‡gi g‡a¨ 2, 4 Ges 10bs dig¸wj (Form II, IV Ges X) KyiAvÕ‡b evisevi e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q|
wµqvi 2bs D™¢vweZ dig (Form II) AZxZKvj
AZxZKv‡ji mKj wµqvi 2bs dig MVb Kiv nq wµqvi †gŠwjK ev 1bs di‡gi wØZxq g~j A¶i‡K wØZ¡ K‡i|
1bs dig †m RvbZ َع ِل َم † ك ََِذ َبm wg_¨v K_v e‡jwQj
2bs dig †m wkwL‡qwQj َع َّل َم † ك ََّذ َبm A¯^xKvi K‡iwQj
2bs dig wµqvi AZxZKv‡ji GKePb, wØePb I eûePb iƒc¸wji A‡šÍ mshyw³ (Suffix) AZxZKv‡ji wµqvi 1bs dig Gi
gZ GKB| cÖK…Zc‡¶ mKj wµqvi iƒ‡ci A‡šÍ mshyw³ GKB ai‡bi; D`vniY¯^iƒc:
1bs dig Zzwg Rvb‡Z (cys, GKePb) َع ِل ْم َت † ك ََذ ْبت ُْمZvgiv wg_¨v e‡j‡Qj (cys, eûePb)
2bs dig Zzwg wkwL‡qwQj (cys, GKePb) َع َّل ْم َت † ك ََّذ ْبت ُْمm A¯^xKvi K‡iwQj(cys, eûePb)
2bs dig (Form II) eZ©gvbKvj:
wµqvi 2bs dig Gi mKj eZ©gvbKvj iƒc GKB c¨vU©vb ev wbqg ‡g‡b P‡j:
(1) c~e©mshy³ A¶‡ii niKZ nq GKwU †ck ;
(2) KZ…©evP¨xq eZ©gvbKv‡ji (Active) Gi wØZxq g~j A¶‡ii niKZ GKwU †hi nq|
(3) Kg©evP¨xq eZ©gvbKv‡ji (Passive)- Gi wØZxq g~j A¶‡ii niKZ GKwU hei nq|
mKj †¶‡ÎB A‡šÍ mshyw³ (suffix) 1bs di‡gi wµqvi eZ©gvbKvj Gi gZ| cÖK…Zc‡¶ 1bs †_‡K 10bs ch©šÍ eZ©gvbKv‡ji
wµqvi iƒc GKB|
KZ…©evP¨xq AZxZ †m wkwL‡qwQj َع َّل َم † ن ََّز َلm bx‡P cvwV‡qwQj
Kg©evP¨xq AZxZ †kLv‡bv n‡qwQ‡jv ُع ِّل َم ن ُِّز َلbx‡P cvVv‡bv n‡qwQj
KZ…©evP¨xq eZ©gvb †m †kLvq ُي َع ِّل ُم † ُين َِّز ُلm bx‡P cvVvq
Kg©evP¨xq eZ©gvb Zv‡K †kLvb nq ُي َع َّل ُم ُين ََّز ُلGUv bx‡P cvVv‡bv nq
AbyÁvfve †kLvI َع ِّل ْم ن َِّز ْلbx‡P cvVvI
bx‡Pi c¨vUvb©¸wj Rvbv _vKvI Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KviY kãvewj wKfv‡e MwVZ nq GLv‡b Zv †`Lv hv‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h Aviwe
fvlvq KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨ KvR Ges †h KvRwUi KZ©v Dfq‡KB †evSvq|
KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨ †kLv‡bv, wk¶K ُم َع ِّل ٌم ُمن َِّز ُلwhwb bx‡P cvVvb
Kg©evPK we‡kl¨ hv‡K †kLv‡bv n‡q‡Q ُم َع َّل ٌم ُمن ََّز ُلhv‡K bx‡P cvVv‡bv n‡q‡Q
wµqvevPK we‡kl¨ GKwU cvV, wk¶v`vb َت ْع ِل ْي ٌم َتن ِْز ْي ٌلbx‡P †cÖiY, cÖZ¨v‡`k
A‡_©i c¨vUvb© (Meaning Patterns): 2bs dig wµqvi A_© wb¤œiƒc n‡Z cv‡i:
(1) KviY nIqv (Causation):
† َع ِل َمm RvbZ, † َع َّل َمm Rvbvi KviY n‡qwQj A_©vr †m wk¶v w`‡qwQj, † ن ََز َلm AeZxY© n‡qwQj,
َـز َل َّ † نm AeZxY© nevi KviY n‡qwQj A_©vr †m cvwV‡qwQj A_ev †m bvwRj K‡iwQj|
(2) K‡g©i ZxeªZv ev cÖPÛZv (Intensity of action):
† َقت ََلm nZ¨v K‡iwQj ;† َقـت ََّلm wb`©qfv‡e eûRb‡K nZ¨v K‡iwQj|
(3) g~j¨vqb ev we‡ePbv (Estimation):
صـدَ َق َ †m mZ¨ K_v e‡jwQj † َصدَّ َقm mZ¨ e‡j MY¨ K‡iwQj A_©vr †m wek¦vm K‡iwQj|
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 75
Aa¨vq - 32
D™¢vweZ wµqvi 3bs dig
A‡_©i c¨vUvb© : wµqvi D™¢vweZ 3bs dig (Form III) †evSv‡Z cv‡i:
• Kv‡ivi cÖwZ GKwU KvR Kiv
• Kv‡ivi cÖwZ wKQy Kivi cÖ‡Póv|
c~‡e©i Aa¨v‡q D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q †h wµqvi cÖ‡Z¨K D™¢vweZ dig AZxZKv‡ji Rb¨ Zvi wbR¯^ wbw`©ó c¨vUvb© Ges eË©gvbKv‡ji
Rb¨ GKwU wbw`©ó c¨vUvb© AbymiY K‡i| GB c¨vUvb©¸wji m‡½ cwiwPZ nIqv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| kãvewj MVb Ki‡Z Ges ï×fv‡e co‡Z
GUv A‡bK mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
3bs dig (Form III) AZxZKvj
mKj 1bs dig Gi wµqvi cÖ_g g~j A¶‡ii ci GKwU Avwjd (niKZ wenxb) hy³ K‡i AZxZKv‡ji D™¢vweZ wµqvi mKj 3bs
dig MVb Kiv nq|
1bs dig †m AMÖeZ©x n‡qwQj َس َب َق َقت ََل †m nZ¨v K‡iwQj
3bs dig †m cÖwZØw›ØZv K‡iwQj َسا َب َق َقات ََل †m hy× K‡iwQj
AZxZKv‡ji mKj wµqvi di‡gi A‡šÍ mshyw³ (Suffixes) GKB| D`vniY¯^iƒc,
1bs dig Avwg wj‡LwQjvg َك َت ْب ُت َق َت ُل ْوا Zviv nZ¨v K‡iwQj
(DËg cyiæl, cyswj½, GKePb)
3bs dig Avwg cÎ Av`vb-cÖ`vb K‡iwQjvg كَا َت ْب ُت َقاتَـ ُل ْوا †m hy× K‡iwQj
3bs dig eZ©gvbKvj
eZ©gvbKv‡ji D™¢vweZ wµqvi 3bs dig eZ©gvbKv‡ji D™¢vweZ wµqvi 2bs di‡gi gZ GKB ˆewkó¨ i‡q‡Q:
(1) c~e©mshy³ A¶‡ii niKZ GKwU †ck,
(2) KZ…©evP¨xq eZ©gvbKvj (Present Active) Gi wØZxq g~j A¶‡ii niKZ GKwU †hi,
(3) Kg©evP¨xq eZ©gvbKvj (Present Passive) Gi wØZxq g~j A¶‡ii niKZ GKwU hei|
eZ©gvbKv‡ji mKj wµqvi di‡gi A‡šÍ mshyw³ (Suffix) GKB| cÖK…Zc‡¶ mKj eZ©gvbKv‡ji wµqvi 1bs †_‡K 10bs dig
Gi A‡šÍ mshyw³ GKB|
KZ…©evP¨xq AZxZ †m cÖwZ‡hvwMZv K‡iwQj َسا َب َق َقات ََل †m hy× K‡iwQj
KZ…©evP¨xq eZ©gvb †m cÖwZ‡hvwMZv K‡i ُي َسابِ ُق ِ
ُي َقات ُل †m hy× K‡i
Kg©evP¨xq eZ©gvb ----- ُي َقات َُل Zvi m‡½ hy× Kiv n‡qwQj
AbyÁvfve cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ki ْ َِساب
ـق ِ
َقات ْل hy× Ki (GKePb)
bx‡Pi c¨vUvb©¸wjI Rvbv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, KviY kãvewj wKfv‡e MwVZ nq GUv‡Z Zv †`Lv hv‡e|
KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvKvix ُم َسابِ ٌق ُم َقاتِ ٌل jovB Kvix, †hv×v
Kg©evPK we‡kl¨ cÖwZØ›Øx ُم َسا َب ٌق ُم َقات ٌَل hv‡`i weiæ‡× jovB
wµqvevPK we‡kl¨ cÖwZØw›ØZv ُم َسا َب َق ٌة ِقت ٌَال jovB/ hy×
3bs dig wµqvi wµqvevPK we‡kl¨i c¨vUvb© ُم َفا َع َلـ ٌةn‡Z cv‡i, †hgb: ُم َسا َب َق ٌةev فِ َع ٌالGi gZ, †hgb: َال
ٌ | ِقـت
A‡_©i c¨vUvb©mg~n (Meaning Patterns): wµqvi 3bs dig eySv‡Z cv‡i:
(1) Kv‡ivi cÖwZ †Kv‡bv KvR Kiv, D`vniY¯^iƒc:
َبَ † َكتm wj‡LwQj †_‡K َب َ † كَاتm wPwVc‡Îi Av`vbcÖ`vb eRvq †i‡LwQj
† َقا َمm `uvwo‡qwQj †_‡K َ † َقm cÖwZ‡iva K‡iwQj
او َم
(2) Kv‡ivi cÖwZ wKQy Kivi cÖ‡Póv, D`vniY¯^iƒc:
† َقت ََلm nZ¨v K‡iwQj †_‡K † َقات ََلm nZ¨v Kivi †Póv K‡iwQj/ †m jovB K‡iwQj
† َس َب َقm Ae¯’v‡b c~e©eZ©x wQj †_‡K † َسا َب َقm cÖwZ‡hvwMZv K‡iwQj
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 77
Aa¨vq - 33
D™¢vweZ wµqvi 4bs dig
KyiÕAv‡b hZ¸wj D™¢vweZ wµqv e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ 4bs dig Gi e¨envi e¨vcK|
A‡_©i c¨vU©vb: mvaviYZ 4bs dig, wµqvi 1bs dig Gi m‡½ m¤ú‡K© wbwgËevPK (Causative), D`vniY¯^iƒc:
1bs dig - cÖ‡ek Kiv (wb‡R) wKš‘ 4 bs dig - cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv (Ab¨‡K)|
4bs dig (Form IV ) AZxZKvj
wµqvi AZxZKv‡ji mKj 4bs dig MwVZ nq wµqvi 1bs dig Gi cÖ_g g~j A¶‡ii Dci GKwU myKzb ewm‡q w`‡q Ges
c~e©mshyw³ wnmv‡e GKwU nvghvZzj-KvZ& heimn ev Avwjd ewm‡q|
1bs dig †m cÖ‡ek K‡iwQj † ن ََز َل َد َخ َلm AeZ©xY n‡qwQj
4bs dig †m Ab¨‡K cÖ‡ek Kiv‡jv † َأن َْز َل َأ ْد َخ َلm bx‡P cvwV‡qwQj, Anx cvwV‡qwQj
AZxZKv‡ji GKePb, wØePb Ges eûeP‡b wµqvi 4bs di‡gi A‡šÍ mshyw³ (Suffix) AZxZKv‡ji 1bs di‡gi gZ GKB|
cÖK…Zc‡¶, AZxZKv‡ji mKj wµqvi di‡gi A‡šÍ mshyw³ GKB cÖKvi| D`vniY¯^iƒc:
1bs dig †m ‡ei n‡qwQj (cys, GKePb) ن ََز ْلنَا َ خ َر َجAvgiv †b‡g G‡mwQjvg (cyswj½, eûePb)
4bs dig †m †ei K‡i w`‡qwQj (cys, GKePb) َان َْز ْلنَا َا ْخ َر َجAvgiv bx‡P cvwV‡qwQjvg, (cyswj½, eûePb)
َخ َر َجkãwU Ô†m †ei n‡q G‡mwQjÕ GB A_©I n‡Z cv‡i|
َأ ْخ َر َجkãwU Ô†m †ei K‡i wb‡q G‡mwQjÕ ev Ô†m Drcbœ K‡iwQjÕ GB A_©I n‡Z cv‡i| mwVK A_© †Kej gvÎ eY©bv cÖm½ †_‡K
wbשviY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
4bs dig (Form IV) eZ©gvbKvj
eZ©gvbKv‡ji wµqvi mKj 4bs dig GKB c¨vUvb© AbymiY K‡i
• c~‡e© mshy³ cÖ_g A¶‡ii Dci GKwU †ck w`‡Z n‡e;
• KZ…©evP¨xq eZ©gvbKvj Gi wØZxq g~j A¶‡i GKwU †hi w`‡Z n‡e;
• Kg©evP¨xq eZ©gvb Kv‡ji Gi wØZxq g~j A¶‡ii niKZ nj GKwU hei;
• c~‡e© mshyw³ Avmvi Kvi‡Y di‡gi AwZwi³ AvwjdwU D‡V hv‡e|
A‡šÍ mshyw³ (Suffix) eZ©gvbKv‡ji 1bs dig Gi gZ GKB|
KZ…©evP¨xq AZxZKvj †m ‡ei K‡i w`‡qwQj َأ ْخ َر َج َأن َْز َل †m bx‡P cvwV‡qwQj
Kg©evP¨xq AZxZKvj †ei Kiv n‡qwQj ُأ ْخ ِر َج ُأن ِْز َل bx‡P cvVv‡bv n‡qwQj
KZ…©evP¨xq eZ©gvbKvj †m †ei K‡i †`q خُي ِْر ُج ُين ِْز ُل †m bx‡P cvVvq
Kg©evP¨xq eZ©gvb Zv‡K ‡ei Kiv n‡q‡Q ُين َْز ُل خُي َْر ُج Zv‡K bx‡P cvVv‡bv n‡q‡Q
AbyÁvfve †ei K‡i `vI ! َأن ِْز ْل َأ ْخ ِر ْج bx‡P bvwg‡q `vI|
bx‡Pi c¨vU©vb¸wjI Rvbv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KviY kãvewj wKfv‡e MwVZ nq G¸wj †_‡K Rvbv hv‡e:
KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨ ewn®‹viKvix خُم ْ ِر ٌج ُمن ِْز ٌل †cÖiYKvix
Kg©evPK we‡kl¨ ewn®‹„Z(hv‡K ewn¯‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q) خُم ْ َر ٌج ُمن َْز ٌل hv bx‡P cvVv‡bv n‡q‡Q
wµqvevPK we‡kl¨ ewn®‹vi ٌ إِ ْخ َر
اج إِن َْز ٌال bx‡P †cÖiY, cÖZ¨v‡`k
A‡_©i c¨vUvb© (Meaning Patterns)
4bs wµqvi dig mvaviYZ wbwgË evPK (Causative) n‡q _v‡K|
( َد َخ َلcÖ‡ek Kiv) †_‡K ( َأ ْد َخ ُلcÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv A_©vr cÖ‡ekvbygwZ †`Iqv)
( ن ََز َلbx‡P bvgv) †_‡K ( َأن َْز َلAeZi‡Yi KviY nIqv A_©vr bx‡P AeZxY© Kiv)|
†( َط َع َمP‡L †`Lv, LvIqv) †_‡K ( َأ ْط َع َمLvIqvi KviY nIqv A_©vr Ab¨‡K LvIqv‡bv)
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 79
Aa¨vq - 34
D™¢vweZ wµqvi 5bs I 6bs dig
A‡_©i c¨vUvb©: D™¢vweZ wµqvi 6bs di‡gi g‡a¨ cÖvqB ˆecix‡Z¨i Abyf~wZ _v‡K- A_©vr A‡b¨i m‡½ wKQy Kiv| &D`vniY¯^iƒc, kãwUi A_©
Ôci¯úi‡K mvnvh¨ KivÕ A_ev Ômn‡hvwMZv KivÕ| GB kãwU wµqvi 1bs dig, hvi A_© Ômvnvh¨ KivÕ †_‡K Av‡m|
D™¢vweZ wµqvi 5bs I 6bs dig (Form V, VI) Gi MVb Ges iƒcvšÍ‡ii g‡a¨ wKQy mv`„k¨ Av‡Q| †hgb, Dfq di‡gi AZxZKvj
تَـw`‡q ïiæ nq| AZxZKvj Ges eZ©gvbKv‡ji g‡a¨ hei Gi GKwU †hvMm~ÎI Av‡Q|
5bs dig (Form V) AZxZKvj
D™¢vweZ wµqvi 2bs dig Gi c~‡e© c~e© mshyw³ wnmv‡e GKwU تَـewm‡q AZxZKvj wµqvi 5bs dig MVb Kiv nq| AZxZKvj
wµqvi 5bs di‡gi A‡šÍ mshyw³ (Suffix) mKj AZxZKvj wµqvi gZ GKB|
2bs dig †m wk¶v w`‡qwQj َع َّل َم ن ََّز َل †m bx‡P cvwV‡qwQj
5bs dig †m wk‡LwQj َت َع َّل َم َتن ََّز َل †m †b‡g G‡mwQj
kãv_©
َين ِْز ُع/( ن ََز َع1bs) cÖZ¨vnvi K‡iwQj/ Kiv ُين َِاز ُع/َاز َع
َ ( ن3bs) Kv‡ivi m‡½ weZK© K‡iwQj/ Kiv
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 81
َي َتن ََاز ُع/( َتن ََاز َع6bs) ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ weZK© Kiv َي َت َق َّب ُل/ ( َت َق َّب َل5bs) †m MÖnY K‡iwQj/ K‡i
َي ْط َب ُع/† َط َب َعm mxj †gvni K‡iwQj/ †m mxj †gvni K‡i ٌ ُق ْر َبDrmM©xK…Z e¯‘, `vb
ان
( تَدَ ا َي َن6bs) avi †`Iqv ev avi †bIqv َق ُب ْو ٌلMÖnY, ¯^xK…wZ
Aa¨vq - 35
D™¢vweZ wµqvi 7, 8 I 9bs dig
nvg&hvZzj Iqvm&j: GB kãwUi A_© nj GKwU ms‡hvMKvix ÔnvghvÕ| Gi wPý nj Avwjd Gi Dci emv‡bv GKwU †QvU Ô†mvqv`Õ( )| ٱ
hLb nvghvZzj Iqvm&j Gi c~‡e© niKZ hy³ A¶i Av‡m ZLb nvghvZzj Iqvm&j †K D”PviY Kivi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv, D`vniY: ط َل َق
َ ْن َو ٱ
g~j wµqv (1bs dig) †_‡K AZxZKv‡ji D™¢vweZ 7, 8 I 9bs dig wµqvi GB wZbwU di‡gi Avwjd (Gi bx‡P GKwU †hi
_v‡K) w`‡q Avi¤¢ nq Ges AvwjdwUi Dc‡i GKwU Iqvm&j w`‡Z nq|
7bs dig (Form VII) AZxZKvj I eZ©gvbKvj
GB digwU KyiÕAv‡b NbNb cvIqv hvq bv| GB digwU 1bs dig Gi Kg©evP¨xq (Passive) A_ev AvZ¥evPK (Reflexive) A_©
cÖKvk K‡i| GwU mivmwi Kg© (Direct Object) wb‡Z cv‡i bv| wµqvi 1bs dig Gi c~‡e انْـhy³ K‡i 7bs dig Gi AZxZKvj
MVb Kiv nq| wµqvi 1bs dig Gi gZ GKB mshyw³i ci GKwU myKzbmn byb ewm‡q eZ©gvbKvj iƒc MVb Kiv nq| ZLb wØZxq
g~j A¶‡i GKwU †hi w`‡Z nq|
eZ©gvbKvj AZxZKvj
ب ِ ينْ َق
ل ب َ َ ِ
†m wd‡i hvq ُ َ َ † اm wd‡i wM‡qwQj
ل ق نْ
†m iIqvbv †`q َينْ َط ِل ُق † اِ ْن َط َل َقm iIqvbv K‡iwQj
wµqvi 7bs dig Gi KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨, Kg©evPK we‡kl¨ Ges wµqvevPK we‡kl¨ Gi D`vniY wbgœiƒc:
KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨ wef³Kvix - ُمنْ َفطِ ٌر ب ِ
ٌ † ُمنْ َقلh wd‡i hvq/ Av‡m
Kg©evPK we‡kl¨ wef³ - ُمنْ َف َط ٌر بٌ ُمنْ َق َلhv e`jv‡bv n‡q‡Q
ِ ِ اِن ِْقلَ ٌبDëv‡bv, cwieZ©b, GKwU we‡`ªvn|
ٌ انْف َط
wµqvevPK we‡kl¨ GKwU wefvRb, wefw³ - ار
8bs dig (Form VIII) AZxZKvj:
cÖ_g g~j A¶‡ii Dci GKwU myKzb ewm‡q Ges c~e© mshyw³ wnmv‡e GKwU †hi hy³ Avwjd Ges cÖ_g I wØZxq g~j A¶‡ii
gv‡S GKwU hei Iqvjv تewm‡q D™¢vweZ wµqvi 8bs dig MVb Kiv nq|
1bs dig †m AbymiY K‡iwQj † َس ِم َع تَبِ َعm ï‡bwQj
8bs dig †m AbymiY K‡iwQj اِتَّـ َب َع † اِ ْست ََم َعm ky‡bwQj ( 8bs dig)
8bs dig (Form VIII) eZ©gvbKvj
D™¢vweZ wµqvi 8bs di‡gi eZ©gvbKv‡ji wbgœwjwLZ ˆewkó Av‡Q:
• cÖ_g mshy³ (Prefix) A¶‡ii Dci hei _vK‡e,
• KZ…©evP¨xq eZ©gvbKvj (Present Active)- Gi wØZxq g~j A¶‡ii bx‡P †hi _vK‡e,&
• Kg©evP¨xq eZ©gvb (Present Passive) Gi wØZxq g~j A¶‡ii Dci hei _vK‡e|
mshyw³ mg~n (suffixes) eZ©gvbKv‡ji wµqvi 1bs dig Gi A‡šÍi gZ GKB ai‡Yi|
KZ„©evP¨xq AZxZKvj †m AbymiY K‡iwQj اِتَّـ َب َع † اِ ْست ََم َعm ï‡bwQj
KZ„©evP¨xq eZ©gvbKvj †m AbymiY K‡i َيتَّبِ ُع † َي ْست َِم ُعm †kv‡b
AbyÁvfve AbymiY Ki اِتَّبِ ْع † اِ ْست َِم ْعkvb !
8bs dig Gi KZ©vevPK, Kg©evPK I wµqvevPK we‡k‡l¨i D`vniY:
KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨ AbymiYKvix- ُمتَّبِ ٌع ُم ْست َِم ٌع g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i kÖeYKvix
Kg©evPK we‡kl¨ Abym„Z ُمتَّـ َب ٌع ُم ْست ََم ٌع kÖæZ
اع ِ ِ ِ
wµqvevPK we‡kl¨ AbymiY ٌ ا ْست َم ٌع ا ِّت َب †kvbv
8bs dig Gi wµqvevPK we‡kl¨ ِ ِ
ا ْفت َع ٌالc¨vUv‡b©i nq|
A‡_©i c¨vUvb©mg~n
mvaviYZ wµqvi 1bs di‡gi AvZ¥evPK (Reflexive) nj 8bs dig| ÔAvZ¥evPKÕ ej‡Z wb‡Ri Rb¨ wKQy Kiv‡K †evSvq|
D`vniY¯^iƒc, ( َأ َخ َذ1bs dig) Gi A_© Ô†m MÖnY K‡iwQjÕ| ( إِتَّ ََذ8bs dig) Gi A_© nj Ô†m Zvi wb‡Ri Rb¨ wb‡qwQjÕ
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 83
ِ َي/ شَى
A_ev Ô †m †cvl¨ K‡iwQjÕ| KLbI KLbI 1g I 8g di‡gi A‡_©i cv_©K¨ Lye †ekx nq bv, †hgb: شْى َ †m µq
K‡iwQj, †m µq K‡i ; تىَِ َي ْش/ تى
َ ْ
ش ِ ا †m µq K‡iwQj, †m µq K‡i|
Aa¨vq - 36
D™¢vweZ wµqvi 10bs dig
A‡_©i c¨vUvb©: g~j wµqvi welq‡K PvIqv, MÖnY Kiv, e¨envi Kiv A‡_© wµqvi 10bs dig e¨envi nq, †hgb: اِ ْس َت ْغ َف َرkãwU‡Z Ô¶gv PvIqvÕ A_©
wbwnZ, Abyiƒc wµqvi 10bs dig G cÖvqB wb‡Ri Rb¨ ÔwRÁvmv KivÕ, ÔMÖnY KivÕ A_ev Ôe¨envi KivÕ A_© eySvq| Gi A_© Ôwe‡ePbv KivÕ,
ÔAby‡gv`b KivÕ I n‡Z cv‡i †hgb اِ ْست َْح َس َنÔfvj we‡ePbv KivÕ|
GB digwU mPivPi e¨eüZ nq Ges g~j wµqvi AwfcÖvq‡K wb‡Ri Rb¨ PvIqv, MÖnY Kiv ev e¨envi Kiv A‡_© e¨envi nq|
10bs dig (Form X) AZxZKvj
D™¢vweZ wµqvi mKj 10bs dig AZxZKvj MVb Kiv nq 1bs dig wµqvi cÖ_g g~j A¶‡ii Dci GKwU myKzb ¯’vcb Kivi ci
َ اِ ْسms‡hvM K‡i| ïiæ‡Z Awjd Gi Dci GKUv ÔnvghvZzj IqvmjÕ e‡m|
c~e©mshyw³ (Prefix) wnmv‡e ت
1bs dig †m †L‡qwQj/ †m ¯^v` MÖnY K‡iwQj َط َع َم َغ َف َر †m ¶gv K‡iwQj
10bs dig †m Lvevi †P‡qwQj اِ ْس َت ْط َع َم اِ ْس َت ْغ َف َر †m ¶gv †P‡qwQj
D™¢vweZ wµqvi mKj 10bs dig AZxZKvj Gi A‡šÍ mshyw³ AZxZKv‡ji Ab¨vb¨ wµqvi gZ GKB|
A‡_©i c¨vUvb©:
D™¢vweZ wµqvi 10bs dig cÖvqB g~j wµqvq wbwnZ wb‡Ri Rb¨ PvIqv, †bIqv ev e¨envi Kiv A_© cÖKvk K‡i, †hgb bx‡Pi (1)
bs D`vniY| GwU Õwe‡ePbv KivÕ GB aviYvI w`‡Z cv‡i, †hgb bx‡Pi D`vniY (2):
(1) َغ َف َر (†m ¶gv K‡iwQj) †_‡K اِ ْس َت ْغ َف َر (†m ¶gv †P‡qwQj)|
(2) ن
َ َح ُس (GwU fvj wQj, PgrKvi) †_‡K اِ ْست َْح َس َن (†m DËg we‡ePbv K‡iwQj, †m Aby‡gv`b w`‡qwQj)|
kãv_© t
ََخ ّـر †m c‡o wM‡qwQj; َي ْستَطِ ْي ُع/اع
َ ا ْس َت َط
ِ †m m¶g wQj / †m m¶g
َق ْر َيـ ٌة GKwU kni, MÖvg َم ِائدَ ٌة GKwU †Uwej, GKwU ‡fvRb
هَ ْي ِوى/َه َوى Kvgbv Kiv َأ َج ٌـل GKwU wb`©ó mg‡qi e¨vwß
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 85
Aa¨vq - 37
Kg© wnmv‡e we‡k‡l¨i mgvwß mš^‡Ü AviI wKQz
Avgiv BwZg‡a¨ †R‡bwQ †h GKwU wµqvi gyL¨ Kg© (Direct Object) wnmv‡e Kg©KviK (Accusative) e¨eüZ nq| mgqm~PK wµqv-
we‡klY (Adverb) Ges cÖ_vm~PK (Manner) wKQy wµqv-we‡klY Gi Kg©Kvi‡K e¨env‡ii D`vniY cvIqv wM‡q‡Q| GB Aa¨v‡q
Aviwe fvlvq Kg©KviK e¨env‡ii AviI wKQy D`vniY †`Iqv nj|
(1) gyL¨ Kg© (ِ َم ْف ُع ْو ٌل بِه/ Direct Object)
Avcwb ÕKv‡KÕ A_ev ÕwKÕ cÖkœ K‡i wµqvi gyL¨ Kg© wPwýZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib :
الش ْم َس َو ا ْل َق َم َر
َّ َو َخ َل َق ا َّل ْي َل َو الن ََّه َار َوAvi wZwb ivZ I w`b Ges m~h© I P›`ª m„wó K‡i‡Qb|
Dc‡iv³ ev‡K¨i mKj we‡kl¨ Kg©Kvi‡K i‡q‡Q KviY Zviv gyL¨ Kg©|
(2) mgqm~PK wµqv we‡klY ( َم ْف ُع ْو ٌل فِ ْي ِهev Adverbs of Time)
GKwU mgqm~PK wµqv we‡klY cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ mg‡qi Dcv`vb Av‡Q Ggb GKwU kã Kg©Kvi‡K emv‡bv nq t
mKv‡j I mÜvq ً ُبك َْر ًة َو َا ِص ْي
ال ال َو هَنَ ًارا ً َل ْي w`‡b Ges ivw·Z
wKqvg‡Zi w`‡b َي ْو َم ا ْل ِق َيا َم ِة َا ْل َي ْو َم AvR
kxZKv‡ji md‡i
ِ الشت
َاء ِّ ِر ْح َل َة َغـدً ا AvMvgxKvj
(3 ) nvj ( َح ٌالev Hal)
َح ٌالkãwUi A_© nj ÔAe¯’vÕ A_ev Ôcwi‡ekÕ; kãwU Aviwe e¨vKi‡Y cÖavb wµqvi KvR Pj‡Z _vKvKvjxb Ae¯’v A_ev cwi‡ek
eY©bvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq| cÖvqB Kg©Kvi‡K GKwU we‡kl¨ w`‡q ÔnvjÕ cÖKvk Kiv nq| cieZx© c„ôvq 7bs jvB‡b D‡jøLK…Z ِق َيا ًما
(`Ûvqgvb Ae¯’vq) Ges ( ُق ُع ْو ًداemv Ae¯’vq) kã `yÕwU Kg©KviK (Accusative) Ges GKwU nvj MV‡bi D`vniY| nvj MV‡bi
Ab¨ GKwU D`vniY nj m~iv Avj-jvnv‡e حا َل َة ً ‡`( َأ ْف َوj `‡j) kãwU|
َّ َ( مenbKvix wnmv‡e) kãwU Ges m~iv Avb-bvmi G اجا
ب ِ ال َط َّ َ َوا ْم َر َأ ُت ه مGes Zvi ¯¿xI †h R¡vjvbx enb K‡i (111 t 4)
َ ْحا َل َة ح
ِ
ً َيدْ ُخ ُل ْو َن فـ ِْى د ْي ِن اهللِ َأ ْف َوZviv `‡j `‡j Avjvni Øx‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i (110 t 2)
اجا
(4 ) ZvwgR ( َالت َّْم ِي ْي ُزev Specification)
†Kv‡bv wµqv ev we‡klY‡K wK fv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq Zv we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL Kivi Rb¨ Kg©Kvi‡K GKwU we‡kl¨ e¨envi Kiv nq|
GUv‡Z Ôm¤ú‡K©Õ A_ev Ôg‡a¨Õ Gi aviYv wbwnZ _v‡K| †hgb, bx‡Pi kãwUi g‡a¨ ÔÁvb m¤ú‡K©Õ A_ev ÔÁv‡bi g‡a¨Õ A_© i‡q‡Q|
† َر ِّب ِز ْدنِى ِع ْلمn Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgvi Ávb e„w× K‡i `vI (A_©vr Avgv‡K Áv‡b e„w×cÖvß Ki) |
AviI D`vni‡Yi Rb¨ GB Aa¨v‡qi wbשvwiZ AvqvZ mgyn 10 Ges 11bs jvBb †`Lyb|
(5) weï× Kg© (ط َل ٌق
ْ َم ْف ُع ْو ٌل ُمev Absolute Accusatives)
GKwU KvR m¤úyY©fv‡e mgvß n‡q‡Q ‡`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ wbR¯^ wµqvi c‡i Kg©Kvi‡K GKB wµqv †_‡K D™¢yZ GKwU wµqvevPK we‡kl¨
¯’vcb Kiv nq|
َف َّص ْلنَا ه َت ْف ِص ْيلAvwg me wKQy wek`fv‡e eY©bv K‡iwQ (17 t 2)
َت ْف ِص ْيلkãwU َف َّص َلD™¢vweZ wµqvwUi wµqvevPK we‡kl¨ (Verbal noun) hv َف َص َلwµqvi 2bs dig; c¨vUvb©wU j¶¨ Kiæb|
† َت ْف ِص ْيلK َم ْف ُع ْو ٌل ُم ْط َل ٌقev weï× Kg© (Absolute Accusative) e‡j|
Awfe¨w³‡Z AwZwi³ †Rvi †`Iqvi Rb¨ GKwU weï× Kg© ‡K GKwU we‡klY w`‡q ˆewkó¨hy³ Kiv hvq|
جا
ًّ َ( ُح ًّبا مAcwimxg fvjevmv) Gi GKwU D`vniY c‡ii c„ôvi jvBb 15 ‡Z D‡jøL Av‡Q|
(6) j¶¨ ev D‡Ïk¨ cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ Kg©KviK (Accusative for expressing aim or purpose)
GB ai‡bi Kg©KviK Gi D`vni‡Yi Rb¨ c‡ii c„ôvi jvBb 4 †`Lyb|
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 87
Aa¨vq 38
ms‡hvRK me©bvg
†h mKj we‡kl¨ ev me©bvg GKwU ev‡K¨ BwZg‡a¨ e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv‡`i‡K D‡jøL Ki‡Z ms‡hvRK me©bvg (Relative/Conjunctive Pronoun) e¨envi
Kiv nq| `ywU evK¨‡K GKm‡½ ms‡hvM Ki‡Z GB ai‡Yi me©bvg LyeB cÖ‡qvRbxq| ms‡hvRK me©bv‡gi D`vniY nj: †K, Kv‡K, †h, H| ms‡hvRK me©bvg †h
we‡kl¨ ev me©bvg‡K D‡jøL K‡i Zv‡K c~e©eZ©x (Antecedent A_©vr †h we‡kl¨ c‡`i cwie‡Z© me©bvg c` e¨eüZ nq) ejv nq| Aviwe fvlvq ms‡hvRK me©bvg
ePb (Number) I wj‡½ (Gender) Zv‡`i c~e©eZ©x‡`i (Antecedents) m‡½ gvbvbmB nq| wØeP‡b Zviv Kvi‡Ki m‡½I gvbvbmB nq|
ُذ ْوGes ات ُ َذkã `ywUi wØePb I eûePb iƒcI Av‡Q| bx‡Pi jvBb bs- 13 †`Lyb|
( ُا ْو ُل ْواcyswj½, eûePb) Ges ت ِ ¿¯( ُاو اَلxwj½, eûePb) kã `yÕwUi A_© ÔAwaKvixivÕ| GB we‡kl¨¸wj Ges ُذوGi wewfbœiƒc
ْ ْ
me©`vB إِ َضا َف ٌةMV‡bi Ask|
Aa¨vq 39
wehy³ eûePb m¤^‡Ü AviI wKQy
wehy³ eûePb (َس ُ ـج ْم ُع ا ْل
ُ َّـمك ر َ َا ْل/Broken Plurals): hLb Avcwb †Kv‡bv bZzb kã †k‡Lb, ZLb Zvi eûePb ev GKePb †ei Kiæb Ges `yÕwU
GKm‡½ †k‡Lb| wKQy k‡ãi GKvwaK wehy³ eûePb _vK‡Z cv‡i|
Aa¨vq 6 G Avgiv ms‡¶‡c we‡kl¨ Gi wehy³ eûePb D‡jøL K‡iwQ Ges j¶¨ K‡iwQ †h wbw`©ó c¨vUvb© Abymv‡i GB ai‡bi eû
eûePb ‰Zwi nq| GB ai‡bi wKQy eûePb ÔZvbfxbÕ MÖnY K‡i| g~j A¶i َف َع َلc¨vUvb© e¨envi K‡i wKQy D`vniY bx‡P †`Iqv
nj:
Zvbfxbmn wehy³ eûePb (Broken Plural with Tanwin)
c¨vUvb© eûePb GKePb c¨vUvb© eûePb GKePb
(1) َأ ْف َع ٌال َأ ْو اَل ٌد ٌ َو َلد (2) ُف ُع ْو ٌل ُن ُف ْو ٌس َن ْف ٌس
َا ْس َو ٌاق ُ س ْو ٌق ُق ُل ْو ٌب ب ٌ َق ْل
(3) ُف ُع ٌل ِ (4) ف َع ٌال ِ ِج َب ٌال َج َب ٌل
ُبٌ ُكت َاب
ٌ كت
ُ س ُب ٌل َ سبِ ْي ٌل ِ ر َج ٌال َر ُج ٌل
(5) َأ ْف ُع ٌل َأ ْن ُف ٌس َن ْف ٌس (6) فِ ْع اَل ٌن ٌ َ ِو ْلد
ان ٌَو َلد
ٌ ُ َا ْع ن
ي يٌ ْ َع ن ان ٌ ص ْب َيِ َصبِ ٌى
Zvbfxb wenxb wehy³ eûePb (Broken Plural without Tanwin)
c¨vUvb© eûePb GKePb c¨vUvb© eûePb GKePb
(1) ُف َع اَل ُء ُع َل اَم ُء ـم ِ (2) َأ ْف ِع اَل ُء َأنْبِ َيا ُء نَبِ ٌّى
ٌ َعال
ُف َق َرا ُء َف ِق رْ ٌي َأ ْغنِ َيا ُء َغنِ ٌّى
(3) َف َعال ِ ُل ِ م س
ُاجد َ َ ٌ َم ْس ِجد (4) َف َعال ِ ْي ُل مَ تَاثِ ْي ُل مِت ْ َث ٌال
ِ مس
اك ُن َم ْس َك ٌن ب ِ َ م
َ َ ُ ار ْي َح اب
ٌ حَم ْ َر
Kg©KviK (Accusative) I m¤^Üm~PK KviK (Genitive) Df‡qi Rb¨ ÔAwbw`©ó-†Z Zvbfxb e¨ZxZ wehy³ eûePb GKwU hei
w`‡q †kl nq| c‡ii c„ôvi 13bs jvB‡b ÔgvnvwievÕ Ges ÔZvgvwQjvÕ kãwU Df‡q hei w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ Zviv m¤^Üm~PK
(Genitive)| Kg©KviK I m¤^Üm~PK KviK-G wKQy bvgevPK we‡kl¨ Gi GKB mgvwß i‡q‡Q, †hgb: َم ْر َي َم, | فِ ْر َع ْو َن
g‡b ivLyb †h, we‡kl¨mg~‡ni wehy³ eûePb †h¸wj cÖvYnxb mË¡v ev e¯‘, †m¸wj e¨vKiYMZ fv‡e ¯¿xwj½ I GKePb| Gi A_©
nj GB †h:
• GB ai‡bi wehy³ eûeP‡bi we‡klY ¯¿xwj½ GKePb n‡e| D`vniY¯^iƒc, c‡ii c„ôvi 5bs jvB‡bi ÔgyZvnnvivZvbÕ Ges
ÔKvBwq¨gvZzbÕ GKePb A_P Zviv †h me we‡kl¨‡K ˆewkó¨hy³ K‡i †m¸wj eûePb|
• †h me me©bvg wehy³ eûeP‡bi we‡kl¨‡K D‡jøL K‡i Zviv ¯¿xwj½ I GKePb n‡e, c‡ii c„ôvi jvBb 3, 5, 8, 12 Ges
15 †Z mshy³ me©bvg ÔnvÕ †`Lyb|
• hw` wehy³ eûePb GKwU wµqvi D‡Ïk¨ (Subject of a verb) nq, Zvn‡j wµqvwU ¯¿xwj½ I GKePb n‡e, D`vniY¯^iƒc †`Lyb
ِ
1bs jvB‡bi wµqv نُّ َت ْط َمئGes 6 bs jvB‡bi | ُز ِّو َج ْت
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 91
Aa¨vq - 40
kZ©vaxb evK¨
mZK©Zvi mv‡_ j¶¨ Kiæb †h, Aviwe fvlvq wµqvi AZxZKv‡ji iƒ‡ci e¨envi‡K AZx‡Zi GKwU NUbv NUvi D‡jøL e‡j Avcbv Avcwb a‡i
†bIqv DwPZ n‡e bv | Avcbv‡K Aek¨B eY©bvcÖm½ †`L‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b Kvj wbY©‡qi Rb¨ GKwU wµqv e¨envi Kiv nq |
kZ©vaxb ev‡K¨i Askmg~n (Parts of a Conditional Sentence)
ِ
ْصك ُْم ُ ُ إ ْن َتن رhw` Zzwg Avjøvn‡K (A_©vr Zuvi weavb cÖwZôvq) mvnvh¨ Ki, wZwb †Zvgv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡eb (47 t 7)|
ْ ُْصوا اهللَ َين ر
Dc‡iv³ evK¨ GKwU kZ©vaxb evK¨ e‡j cwiwPZ| GwU `yB As‡k MwVZ| cÖ_g Ask: Ôhw` Zzwg mvnvh¨ Ki Avjøvn‡KÕ; GB evK¨
ïiæ nq Ôhw`Õ kãwU w`‡q| GB AskwU kZ©vaxb e‡j cwiwPZ Ges Aviwe fvlvq ط ٌ ش
ْ َ رejv nq|
ev‡K¨i wØZxq Ask nj ÔwZwb †Zvgv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡ebÕ| GB AskwU nj kZ© Kvh©Ki nIqv| Aviwe fvlvq GUv‡K اب ٌ َج َوev
ٌ ش
Ôk‡Z©i DËiÕ ejv nq| Aviwe fvlvq kZ©vaxb evK¨mg~‡n ط ْ َ( رkZ©) cÖvq me mgqB اب ٌ ( َج َوDËi) Gi c~‡e© Av‡m|
k‡Z©i Dc¯’vcb (Introducing the Condition)
Ôhw`Õ kãwUi Rb¨ Aviwe fvlvq wewfbœ ai‡Yi †QvU kãvewj (Short Words) A_ev Ae¨q (Particle) Av‡Q| G&B¸wji g‡a¨
me‡P‡q eûj cÖPwjZ nj: َل ْو, إِ ْنGes | إِ َذا
َل ْوcÖvqkB cÖKwíZ kZ©vewji Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq| GB Aa¨v‡qi wb×vwiZ AvqvZmg~‡ni jvBb 3 †`Lyb|
إِ َذاkãwUi Abyev` Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ô hLbÕ ev Ô ZLbÕ ev ÔhLbBÕ| † إِ َذاK Aek¨B ‡_† َلـمK ¯^Zš¿ Ki‡Z n‡e; َلـمkZ©vaxb
evK¨ cÖeZ©b K‡i bv Z‡e ®úófv‡e AZxZKv‡ji wµqv‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡i| wb‡gœv³ `yÕwU D`vniY Zzjbv Kiæb:
(1) ُـمنَافِ ُق ْو َن َقا ُل ْوا ن َْش َهد
ُ إِ َذا َجا َء َك ا ْلhLb gybvwdKiv †Zvgvi Kv‡Q Av‡m, Zviv e‡j, ÔAvgiv mv¶¨ w`w”Q ....... ( 63 t 1)
(2) ح ٌّر َّو اِنَّابِ ِه ك ِٰف ُر ْو َن ِ
ْ ـح ُّق َقا ُل ْوا ٰه َذا س
َ َو َل اَّـم َجا َء ُه ُم ا ْلhLb Zv‡`i Kv‡Q mZ¨ Avmj, Zviv ejj, ÔGUv cwi¯‹vi hv`yÕ
Avgiv GUv cÖZ¨vL¨vb KwiÕ (43 t 30) |
kZ©vaxb evK¨vewj Dc¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨ Ae¨q Av‡Q| GB¸wji g‡a¨ KyiÕAv‡b me‡P‡q cÖPwjZ nj ن ْ | َم
َم ْنGi A_© n‡Z cv‡i Ô†h †KD Õ, Ô†m †hÕ, ÔZviv hvivÕ; ُك َّلمA_© ÔhLbBÕ; َأ ْينَمA_© Ô†hLv‡bBÕ|
kZ©vaxb ev‡K¨ wµqvi iƒc (Verbs in Conditional Sentences)
Aviwe fvlvq wµqvi AZxZKvj A_ev hymxffve e¨envi Kiv nq kZ©vaxb evK¨vewji Rb¨|
(1) ش ٌط ْ َ رkZ© Ges اب
ٌ َج َوReve Dfq †¶‡Î wµqvi AZxZKvj iƒc e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i; †`Lyb GB Aa¨v‡qi wbשvwiZ
AvqvZ mgy‡ni jvBb 1, 2, 3, 7 Ges 13 ,
(2) kZ© Ges Reve Dfq †¶‡Î hymxf e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i; †`Lyb GB Aa¨v‡qi wbשvwiZ AvqvZ mgy‡ni jvBb 5, 6,
Ges 14,
(3) AZxZKvj iƒc Ges hymxffve Gi mswgkªbI n‡Z cv‡i; †`Lyb jvBb 12,
(4) Reve G AbyÁvfve (Imperative) I _vK‡Z cv‡i; †`Lyb jvBb 8,
(5) ïiæ‡Z †Kv‡bv wµqv bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i; †`Lyb jvBb 4,
(6) Reve-G Av‡`ŠI †Kv‡bv wµqv bv _vK‡Z cv‡i; †`Lyb jvBb 10,
Reve-Gi Dc¯’vcb (Introducing the jawab)
Reve cÖvqB Ô َلÕ A_ev Ôف َ Õ Øviv Dc¯’vwcZ nq- DfqB Abyev`wenxbfv‡e †_‡K †h‡Z cv‡i|
hw` kZ© Ô َل ْوÕ Øviv Dc¯’vwcZ nq, Reve I cÖvqB Ô َلÕ Øviv Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq; †`Lyb jvBb 1, 2, 3 Ges 4|
Reve Ôف
َ Õ w`‡q Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq hw`:
• wµqv Qvov †h †Kv‡bv wKQy w`‡q َج َوابïiæ n‡Z cv‡i; †`Lyb jvBb 9,
• AbyÁvfve (Imperative) Gi wµqv w`‡q Reve ïiæ n‡Z cv‡i; †`Lyb jvBb 8|
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 93
kã ZvwjKv
†h mg¯Í kã KyiAvÕ‡b Nb Nb G‡m‡Q H mg¯Í kã GB ZvwjKvq †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| kã¸wj Aviwe eY© mg~‡ni µgvbymv‡i mvRv‡bv
n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_‡gB kã¸wj gyL¯Í K‡i †dj‡Z n‡e GgbUv Avkv Kiv n‡”Q bv| wKš‘ hZ ZvovZvwo Zv cvi‡eb †kLvi AMÖMwZ ZZ ZvovZvwo
n‡e| KviY GB ¸wjB cÖavb kã hv KziAvÕ‡b e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GB ZvwjKvq, AwaKvsk k‡ãi cÖv_wgK I mnR iƒc cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB iƒcUv (Form) n‡”Q GKwU wµqv hv mvaviYZ wZb
A¶i Øviv MwVZ Ges hvi A_© `vovq †m (cÖ_g cyiæl) + wµqvi AZxZKvj| ‡hgb † َخ َل َقm m„wó K‡iwQj|
wÎqvi GB iƒc‡K (Form) gyj kã (Root Word) A_ev g~j (Root) e‡j, hvi †_‡K Ab¨vb¨ kã D™¢vweZ nq ev MwVZ nq|
mvaviYfv‡e g~j kã Qvov bZzb D™¢vweZ mKj kãewj GB ZvwjKvq †`Iqv nqwb| kã ZvwjKv wZbwU MÖæ‡c fvM K‡i cwi‡ekb
Kiv n‡q‡Q| kã ZvwjKv-1 Gi AwaKvsk gyj kã (bZzb D™¢vweZ kãmn) 100 ev‡ii †ekx KziAvÕ‡b G‡m‡Q| †h me kãvewj
KziAv‡b 50 †_‡K 100 evi e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q †m¸wj kã ZvwjKv-2 G Ges †h me kãvewj 25 †_‡K 49 evi e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q †m¸wj
kã ZvwjKv-3 G cwi‡ekb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Aviwe fvlv †kLvi mgq, AZxZKv‡ji m‡½ m‡½ eZ©gvbKv‡ji iƒc ‡kLv DcKvix,
ْ َ خ/ َخ َل َق- wZwb m„wó K‡iwQ‡jb/ wZwb m„wó K‡ib|
†hgb: ي ُل ُق
‡Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv we‡k‡l¨i cv‡k / wPý w`‡q H we‡k‡l¨i eûePb †`Iqv n‡q‡Q †hgb:
ٌ َق ْل
ب ürwcÛ ُق ُل ْو ٌب ürwcÛ mg~n (eûePb)
َأ ٌب wcZv َءا َبا ٌء c~e© cyiæl (eûePb)
wKQ~ wKQy we‡kl¨ Gi c~‡e© wbw`©ó AvwU©‡Kj (Definite Article) wnmv‡e َا ْلemv‡bv nq, †hgb:
َا أْلَ ْر ٌض- c„w_exwU |
Avcwb hw` cybtcyb kã ZvwjKv c‡ob Z‡e Avcbvi Rb¨ DcKvix n‡e| D”P¯^‡i co‡eb Ges h_vm¤¢e gyL¯Í K‡i wb‡eb|
(1) kã ZvwjKvq g~j wµqv n‡Z D™¢vweZ wµqvi Rb¨ II n‡Z X ch©šÍ ‡ivgvb msL¨v cÖZxK wnmv‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
(2) ÒwZwb m„wó K‡iwQ‡jb/ wZwb m„wó K‡ibÓ c~iv bv wj‡L Aviwe Awfavb¸wj‡Z ïay cyiæl ev ePb e¨wZ‡i‡K wµqvfve-cÖKvkK
(Infinitive) e¨envi Kiv nq| GwU ïa~gvÎ myweavi Rb¨| GB ZvwjKvq Aviwe wµqv Gi A_© †`Iqvi mgq wµqvfve-cÖKvkK
(Infinitive) e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q, †hgb:
ي َع ُل/
ْ َ َج َع َل ج- ˆZwi Kiv (Ô†m ˆZwi K‡iÕ ev Ô†m ˆZwi K‡iwQjÕ Gi cwie‡Z©)
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 95
kã ZvwjKv - 1
(KziAvÕ‡b 100 ev‡ii †ekx evi e¨eüZ kãmg~‡ni ZvwjKv )
ح خ
حتَّى
َ - hZ¶Y ch©šÍ خَي ُْر ُج/ َ خ َر َج- evB‡i hvIqv, Z¨vM Kiv
ب ِ ُ خ ُر ْو ٌج- evB‡i hv‡”Q ; Z¨vM
ُ ي َس
ْ َ ح/ب
َ حس
َ - MYbv Kiv, g‡b Kiv
اب ِ
ٌ ح َس- wnmve, MYbv Ki‡Q ; cÖ¯’vb
ح ُس َنَ - fvj nIqv خُي ِْر ُج/ َأ ْخ َر َج- IV †ei Kiv, weZvob
ٌ َح َسن/ ح َسنَ ٌة
َات َ - GKwU fvj KvR/eûePb Kiv
َأ ْح َس ُن- DËg ٌ إِ ْخ َر- evwnM©gb, weZvob
اج
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 97
ُ ي ُل
ف ْ َ خ/ ف َ َ خ َل- wcwQ‡q _vKv الدُّ ْن َيا - RMr, `ywbqv
َ َ خ ْل- wcQ‡b
ف ح َيا ُة الدُّ نْـ َيا َ - GB `ywbqvi Rxeb
فُ ي ِّلَ ُ خ/ ف َ َ خ َّل- II DËivaxKvix wnmv‡e ُد ْو َن - e¨ZxZ
wb‡qvM †`Iqv, m‡½ bv الدِّ ْي ُن - ag© ; mZ¨ wek¦vm ;
wb‡q †d‡j hvIqv َد ْي ٌن - GKwU FY
ُ ِ خُيَال/ف
ف َ َ خا َل- III we‡ivwaZv Kiv ;
m¤§Z bv nIqv ذ
ُ يت َِل
ف ْ َ خ/ف َ إِ ْخ َت َل- VIII Am¤§Z nIqv َي ْذك ُُر/ َذك ََر- D‡jL Kiv, ¯§iY Kiv
ٌ إِ ْختِل- Awgj, gZ‡f`, weev`
َاف ِ ذك ٌْر- D‡jøL, Aby¯§viK,
ف ْ إِ ْست
َ َخ َل ¯§„wZwPý
ُ َخ ِل
ف ْ َي ْست- X DËivwaKvix wnmv‡e ُي َذك ُِّر/ َذك ََّر- II. ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`Iqv
†`Iqv َيت ََذك َُّر/ ت ََذك ََّر- V. KvD‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q
ْ َ خ/ َ خ َل َق
ي ُل ُق - m„wó Kiv †`Iqv
َ خ ْل ٌق - m„wó ٌ ُذك/ َذك ٌَر- cyiæl/ cyiælMY
ُور
َ خالِ ٌق - mªóv ِذى، َذا، ُذو- (KZ…©KviK, Kg©KviK I
َأ خَْلالِ ُق - m„wóKZ©v (Avjøvni ¸Y) m¤^ÜKviK) AwaKvix
ُ خَي/اف
َاف َ َ خ - fxZ nIqv
فٌ َ خ ْو - fq ر
َ خ رْ ٌي - DËg َي َرى/ َ ر َأى - †`Lv
َ خ رْ ٌي ِم ْن - n‡Z DËg َ ر َأ ٌى - GKwU `„k¨ ; aviYv
اتٌ َ خ رْ َي - DËg Kvh©vw`, K…wZZ¡, ُي ِرى/ َأ َرى - IV †`Lv‡bv
`vbkxjZv, `vb ِ ر َيا ٌء - K…wÎg AvPiY/ †jvK
†`Lv‡bv KvR
د َ ر ٌّب - cÖfy, cÖwZcvjK
َيدْ ُخ ُل/ َد َخ َل- cÖ‡ek Kiv َي ْر ِج ُع/َ ر َج َع - wd‡i Avmv
ُيدْ ِخ ُل/ َأ ْد َخ َل- IV cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv ; َم ْر ِج ٌع - GKwU cÖZ¨veZ©b
cÖ‡ekvbygwZ †`Iqv َي ْر َح ُم/ َ ر ِح َم - `qv Kiv
َيدْ ُع ْو/ َد َعا- WvKv, mwbe©Ü Av‡e`b ح ٌة
َ َْ ر م - KiæYv, `qv
Kiv, Avgš¿Y Kiv ح ُن ٰ ْ َا َّلر م - me©vwaK KiæYvgq
َأ ْد ِع َيا ُء/ ُد َعا ٌء- mwbe©Ü Av‡e`b/eûePb
98 KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv
Dc‡i, weiæ‡×, m‡Ë¡I ُي َقتِ َُل/ َقت ََّل - II. †ekx †ekx nZ¨v Kiv
َي ْع َم ُل/ َع ِم َل- KvR Kiv, َت ْقتِ ْي ُل - eo iK‡gi nZ¨vhÁ
َع ِام ُل ْو َن/ َع ِام ٌل- (KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨) ُي َقاتِ ُل/ َقات ََل - III. hy× Kiv, jovB Kiv
kªwgK, Kg©m¤cv`bKvix/ ِ قت ٌَال - jovB, hy×
eûePb َي ْقتَتِ ُل/ اِ ْق َتت ََل - VIII. SMov Kiv
َأ ْع اَم ٌل/ َع َم ٌل- Kg©, wµqv/eûePb َي ْق ِد ُر/ َق َد َر- m¶g nIqv, wba©vib Kiv
ِ - (m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q) †Z,
َ عنْد ُي َق ِّد ُر/ َق َّد َر- II. avh© Kiv, wggvsmv
G‡Z, m‡½, cv‡k (cÖvß Kiv, wba©viY Kiv
e¯‘ cÖKvk KivI) َق ْد ٌر- kw³, ¶gZv, wbqwZ,
fvM¨
غ َا ْل َق ِد ْي ُر- me©kw³gvb (Avjøvni /
َي ْغ ِف ُر/ َغ َف َر - ¶gv Kiv Avjøvni ¸Y)
َي ْس َت ْغ ِف ُر/ إِ ْس َت ْغ َف َر - X. ¶gv PvIqv ُ ُي َق ِّل/ ب
ب َ َق َّل- II. †Kvb wRwbm
َا ْل َغ ُف ْو ُر - ¶gvkxj (Avjøvni ¸Y) ch©vqµ‡g Dëv‡bv,
َا ْل َغ َّف ُار - AwZ ¶gvkxj (Avjøvni cvjvµ‡g AwawôZ nIqv
¸Y) ُق ُل ْو ٌب/ب ٌ َق ْل- ürwcÛ/ ürwcÛmg~n
ِ
َغ رْ َي- e¨ZxZ ُ َينْ َقل/ ب
ب َ إِ ْن َق َل- VII. Ab¨w`‡K Ny‡i
`uvovb ev Ab¨w`‡K gyL
ف †divb ; m¤ú~Y© civ¯Í
ُي َف ِّض ُل/ َف َّض َل - II. AwaKZi cQ›` Kiv Kiv
َف ْض ٌل - AbyMÖn, `vb ول ُ َي ُق/ َق َال - ejv, K_v ejv
َي ْف َع ُل/ َف َع َل - Kiv, ˆZwi Kiv ِ ق َيل - (Kg©evP¨) ejv n‡qwQj
ف - g‡a¨, wfZ‡i, (`yB‡qi َق ْو ٌل - Dw³, e³…Zv
Awa‡Ki) g‡a¨, Dc‡i َي ُق ْو ُم/ َقا َم - `uvovb
ُي ِق ْي ُم/ َأ َقا َم - IV. cÖwZôv Kiv, Pvjy
ق ivLv, wbg©vY Kiv
َق ْب َل- m¤§y‡L, c~‡e© ِ ق َيا ٌم- mycÖwZwôZ, ¯’vqx, `uvovb
َي ْقت ُُل/ َقت ََل- nZ¨v Kiv, ea Kiv َي ْست َِق ْي ُم/ اِ ْس َت َقا َم- X. AUjfv‡e `uvov‡bv
َقت ٌْل- ea, Lyb, nZ¨v ُم ْست َِق ْي ٌم- †mvRv, mij, mwVK
102 KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv
َم َع- m‡½, g‡a¨, mwnZ َتن ِْز ْي ٌل- ˆ`e cÖZ¨v‡`k, Anx
َي ْم ِل ُك/ َم َل َك- gvwjK nIqv, kvmb Kiv, ُين ِْز ُل/ َأن َْز َل- IV. bx‡P cvVvb,
KZ…©Z¡ Kiv cÖZ¨v‡`k Kiv, cÖ`vb
ُمـ ْل ٌك- AvwacZ¨, ivRZ¡, Kiv
mve©‡fŠg ¶gZv ْص
ُ ُ َين ر/َصَ َ ن ر- mvnvh¨ Kiv
ـم ِل ُك
َ َا ْل- gvwjK, mve©‡fŠg َص
ٌ ْ ن ر- mvnvh¨
(Avjøvni ¸Y) َ نَاثِ ُر:َاص
ون ِر
ٌ ن- (KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨)
َم َل ٌك - GKRb wdwik&Zv mvnvh¨Kvix / eûePb
َا مَْلال َِئ َك ُة - wdwik&ZvMY َأن َْص ٌار - mvnvh¨KvixMY
ِ م ْن - nB‡Z ن َِص رْ ٌي - mvnvh¨Kvix
َم ْن - †K ev Kviv, †h †KD َينْ ُظ ُر/ َن َظ َر - †`Lv, ZvKv‡bv
َي ُم ْو ُت/ ات َ َم - gviv hvIqv َينْتَظِ ُر/ اِ ْن َت َظ َر - VIII. A‡c¶v Kiv
َم ْو ٌت - g„Zy¨ ٌ َأ ْن ُف ٌس ـ ُن ُف/ َن ْف ٌس
وس - e¨w³, AvZ¥v/ eûePb
ٌ َا ْم َو/ َم ْي ٌت
ات - g„Z, g„Z e¨w³/eûePb َار
ٌ ن - Av¸b
َم ْوتَى- َم ِّيت ُْو َن/ َم ِّي ٌت - g„Z, g„Z e¨w³/ eûePb ن ُْو ٌر - Av‡jv
ُمنِ رْ ٌي- Av‡jv `vbKvix , D¾¡j
ن َاس
ٌ ن- †jvK, gvbyl¨ we‡kl,
َأ ْن َبا ٌء/ َن َب ٌأ - msev`/ eûePb gvbeRvwZ
َأنْبِ َيا ُء-ون
َ نَبِ ُّي/ نَبِ ٌّى - GKRb bex/ bexMY
َالنَّبِ ُّى - bex g‡nv`q هـ
َالنُّ َب ُّو ُة - beyqZ هَ ْي ِدى/ َ هدَ ى- mwVK c‡_ cwiPvjbv
ُين ِْذ ُر/ َأن َْذ َر - IV. mZK© Kiv Kiv
ن َِذ ْي ٌر - mZK©Kvix ُ هدً ى- c_ wb‡`©k, mwVK
َ ُمن ِْذ/ ُمن ِْذ ٌر
رون - (IV Gi KZ©vevPK wb‡`©kbv
we‡kl¨) mZK©Kvix/ هَ ْيت َِدى/ اِ ْهتَدَ ى- VIII. mwVK c‡_
eûePb cwiPvwjZ nIqv
َين ِْز ُل/ ن ََز َل- †b‡g Avmv, AeiZY Kiv ِ مهت- (VIII Gi Kg©evPK
ُم ْهتَدُ ْو َن/ َاد ُْ
ُين َِّز ُل/ ن ََّز َل- II. wbgœvwfgy‡L cvVvb, we‡kl¨) whwb mwVK c‡_
Anx Kiv cwiPvwjZ / eûePb
104 KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv
و ى
ِ َ ج/ َ َ و َجد- mvg‡b Avwef©yZ nIqv,
ُيد َأ ْي ِدى/ ٌ َيد- nvZ/ nvZ¸wj
cvIqv س
ُ ِّ ُي َي ر/س َ َّ َي ر- II. mnR Kiv
ُ َي ْعد/ َ َ وعَد- A½xKvi Kiv ٌ ْ َي ِم ن- Wvb ; Wvb nvZ ; GKwU
ي
ٌ وعْد- GKwU A½xKvi njd evK¨
ُ َي ِلد/ َ َ و َلد- Rb¥`vb Kiv, Drcv`b َأ ْي اَم ٌن - njd evK¨mg~n
Kiv َم ْي َمنَ ٌة - Wvb nvZ
َ و َلدَ ْت- †m (¯¿xRvwZ) Rb¥ َأ َّيا ٌم/ َي ْو ٌم - w`b, hyM / eûePb
w`‡qwQj َي ْو َم ِئ ٍذ - Hw`b
ٌ َ والِد- (KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨,
cyswj½) wcZv, Rb¥`vZv
َ والِدَ ٌة- (KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨t,
¯¿xwj½) gvZv, Rb¥`vÎx
ِ َ و َالِد- (Dfq wj½) wcZvgvZv/
َوالِدَ ْي َن/ان َ
Kg©KviK I m¤^Üm~PK
KviK
َأ ْوالَ ٌد/ ٌ َ و َلد- wkï, †Q‡j/ wkïiv
َ و َقى- i¶v Kiv
َيت َِّقى/ إِ َّت َقى- VIII. mveavb nIqv,
mZK© nIqv, m‡PZb
_vKv (Avjøvni) / fq
Kiv (Avjøvni)
َ ُم َّت َق/ ُمت ٍَّق- whwb mZK©, m‡PZb
ون
(Avjøvni), Avjøvn-
m‡PZb e¨w³ /eûePb
َت ْق َوى- Avjøvn- m‡PZbZv,
ag©vbyivM ; fq
(Avjøvni)
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 105
kã ZvwjKv - 2
(KziAv‡b 50 †_†K 100 evi e¨eüZ kãmg~n )
ا ش
ُ ِّ ُي َب ر/ش
َ َّ َب ر- II. ïf msev` †`Iqv,
إٍ ْث ٌم - cvc, Aciva †NvlYv †`Iqv
ان ـ إِ ْخ َو ٌة
ٌ إِ ْخ َو/ َأ ٌخ - fvB/ eûePb َا ْل َب ْع ُث- cybiæÌvb
ُأ ْخ ٌت - †evb َي ْبت َِغى/ اِ ْب َت َغى- VIII. Kvgbv Kiv,
َي ْأ َذ ُن/ َأ ِذ َن - AbygwZ †`Iqv Zvjvk Kiv
e¨w³
ط
ِ الش
اك ُر َّ - K…ZÁ Ges
َط ِّي ُب ْو َن/ب
ٌ َط ِّي- fvj,¯^v¯’¨Ki, GKRb
AvÁvbyewZ©Zvi Rb¨
fvj †jvK (cyswj½) /
†jvK‡`i cyi¯‹vi cÖ`vb
eûePb
(Avjøvni ¸Y)
ٌ َط ِّي َب/ َط ِّي َب ُة- fvj, ¯^v¯’¨Ki ; GKRb
ات
َم ْشك ُْو ٌر-K…ZÁZvi m‡½ MÖnY, fvj †jvK (¯¿xwj½)/
MÖnY‡hvM¨
eûePb
ص ظ
ُي َصل/ ص ىَّل
َ - II cÖv_©bv Kiv, mvjvZ َي ُظ ُّن/ َظ َّن- wPšÍv Kiv, Kíbv Kiv
Av`vq Kiv
َظ ٌّن- aviYv, m‡›`n
ص ىَّل َعل َ - Avkxe©v` Kiv َي ْظ َه ُر/ َظ َه َر- cÖKvwkZ nIqv, we¯Ívi
لص ٰلـٰو ُة
َّ َا- mvjvZ, cÖv_©bv jvf Kiv
ات ٌ ص َل َو َ -Avkxe©v`, KiæYv (22t َظ َه َر َعل- Av‡ivnY Kiv, c„_K Kiv
41) Bû`x‡`i Dcvmbvi ِ ي َظ/اهر
اه ُر ُ َ َ َظ- III. mvnvh¨ Kiv
¯’vb
ُي ْظ ِه ُر/ َأ ْظ َه َر- IV. nvwRi nevi KviY
ُم َص ُّل ْو َن/ ُم َص ىِّل- mvjvZ Av`vqKvix/ nIqv
eûePb
َأ ْظ َه َر َعل- (Kv‡ivi m‡½) cwiwPZ
ُم َصل- mvjvZ Av`v‡qi ¯’vb nIqv
ِ
ب َ َأ َص- IV. AvcwZZ nIqv,
ُ ُيص ْي/اب ُظ ُه ْو ٌر/ َظ ْه ٌر- GKwU c„ô/ eûePb
AvNvZ Kiv, ¶Z Kiv
ِ َظ- ¯úó, cwi®‹vi, cÖKvk¨
أه ٌر
(evwZb-Gi Dëv)
ض
ِ ْ َي ر/ ض َب
ض ُب َ َ ر- AvNvZ Kiv, (wKš‘ wewfbœ ع
A‡_© e¨eüZ nq)
ُّ ُي ُعد/ َّ عَد- MYbv Kiv
ض
ُُّ َي ر/ ض َّ َ ر- ¶Z Kiv َّ َأعَد- IV cÖ¯‘Z Kiv, mvRv‡bv
ض رْ ٌيَ - ¶Z, ¶wZ عَدَ ٌد- GKwU msL¨v
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 109
َي َت َك َّل ُم/ َت َك َّل َم- V. K_v ejv ن َْج َوى- GKwU †Mvcb civgk©
َ َك- GKwU kã, K_v
ال ٌم ِ ين/ نَادى
َادى ُ َ - III. WvK cvov, GKwU
ك َِل اَم ٌت/ ك َِل َم ٌة- GKwU kã, GKwU ivq/ †NvlYv †`qv
eûePb نِدَ ا ٌء- GKwU wPrKvi †NvlYv
َ َك ْي- †Kgb K‡i ?
ف نِ َسا ٌء- ¯¿x‡jvKMY
ُين ِْع ُم/ َأ ْن َع َم- IV. KvD‡K we‡kl
ل AbyMÖn Kiv
َل ْي َس- †m bq, GUv bq َأ ْن ُع ٌم،نِ َع ٌم/ نِ ْع َم ٌة- AbyMÖn, AvbyKzj¨/
َال َّل ْي ُل- ivÎ eûePb
ً َل ْي- ivw·Z
ال َأ ْن َعا ٌم- Mevw` cï
َل َيال/ َل ْي َل ٌة- GKwU ivZ/eûePb َينْ َف ُع/ َن َف َع- Dc‡hvMx nIqv, DcKvi
Kiv
م َن ْف ٌع- e¨envi, myweav,jvf
ُي َمت ُِّع/ َمت ََّع - II. Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z †`qv َمنَافِ ُع- myweavw`, my‡hvMvw`
َيت ََمت َُّع/مَ تَت ََّع - V. Dc‡fvM Kiv, ُينَافِ ُق/ نَا َف َق- III. GKwU M‡Z© †XvKv,
GKRb‡K Avbw›`Z Kiv GKwU fÛ nIqv
َي ْست َْمتِ ُع/ اِ ْست َْمت ََع - X, Dc‡fvM Kiv ; Avb›` ُمنَافِ ُق ْو َن/ ُمنَافِ ٌق - (III. Gi KZ©vevPK
هـ ى
ي ِل ُك/
ْ َ َ ه َل َك ه- aŸsm nIqv, gviv hvIqv ٌ ْ َي ِم ن-mwVK, Wvb nvZ; GKwU
ي
ي ِل ُك/
ْ ُ َأ ْه َل َك ه- IV aŸsm Kiv, ewR©Z, cÖwZkÖæwZ
aŸsm nevi KviY َأ ْي اَم ٌن- kc_mg~n
nIqv َم ْي َمنَ ٌة- Wvb nvZ
و
ُي َو ِّج ُه/َ و َّج َه - II Ny‡i `uvov‡bv, mivmwi
و ُج ْو ٌه/ ُ َ و ْج ٌه - gyLgÛj/eûePb
ِ لِ َو ْج ِه اهلل - Avjøvni Rb¨
ِ و
ٌاحد َ - GK
احدَ ٌةِ و
َ - GK (¯¿xwj½)
ُي ْو ِحى/ َأ ْو َحى - IV cÖKvk Kiv, Anx Kiv
َ و ْح ٌى- ‰`e cÖZ¨v‡`k, Anx
ُي َوف/ َ و ىَّف- II. m¤ú~Y© cwi‡kva Kiv
ُي ْوف/ َأ ْو ىَف- IV. GKwU Pzw³ cyiY
Kiv/ ev¯ÍevwqZ Kiv
َيت ََوف/ ت ََو ىَّف- V. Kv‡ivi Rxeb †bqv
(Kg©Kvi‡K), gviv
hvIqv, (†`n n‡Z iƒn
†ei K‡i †bIqv)
َيت ََوك َُّل/ ت ََوك ََّل- V.fimv Kiv, wbf©i Kiv
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 113
kã ZvwjKv - 3
(KziAv‡b 25 †_†K 49 evi e¨eüZ kãmg~n )
ا Kiv,
m¤cÖ`vq, RvwZ/eûePb
َباطِ ٌل - wg_¨v, Qjbv
ٌ إِن/ ُأ ْن َثى
َاث - GKwU gwnjv /eûePb
ُب ُط ْو ٌن/ َب َط ٌن - †cU/ eûePb
ٌ AcÖKvk¨
آل - cwievi
ُأ ْو ُل ْوا - Gi AwaKvixMY
َي ْب ُل ْو/َ َبال- cix¶v Kiv, †Póv
َ َب- cix¶v, Pig `y`©kv
ال ٌء
ُأ ْول - †Kvb wKQyi AwaKvix
(Kg©KviK I m¤^Üm~PK)
ٌ َأ ْب َو/اب
اب ٌ َب- `iRv
)ك+ ُأ ْو ِلئ َك(أوالء- hviv
)أوالء+ ٰ ه ُؤالَ ِء (هـ- GB¸wj ت
َم ْأ َوى- Avkªq MÖn‡Yi RvqMv ت ُك
ُ ْ َي ر/ ت ََر َك- Z¨vM Kiv
تِ ْل َك- H, hviv (¯¿xwj½)
ب
َأ ْب ُح ٌر،بِ َح ٌار/ َب ْح ٌر - mgy`ª/mgy`ª¸wj
ث
ُي َبدِّ ُل/ َبدَّ َل - II. cwieZ©b Kiv, e`vwj
ال َث ٌة
َ َث- wZb
َي ْبدُ ْو/ َبدَ ا - cÖKvwkZ nIqv
ٌ َث َم َر/ٌ َث َم َرة- dj/eûePb
ات
ِ ْ اِ ْثن ن/َان
َي ِ اِ ْثن- `yB/Kg©KviK Ges
بِ ٌّر - ag©vbyivM, b¨vqcivqYZv
َأ ْب َر ٌار/ َب ٌّر - b¨vqcivqY e¨w³/eûePb
m¤^Üm~PK KviK
السبِ ْي ِل
َّ َ س َوا َء- mwVK c_ ص
َي ِس رْ ُي/ َ س َار- hvIqv, ågY Kiv ُي ْصبِ ُع/ َأ ْص َب َح - IV. nIqv
ص ْب ٌح ُ - mKvj
ش ٌّ َي ُصد/ َّ صد َ - wd‡i hvIqv, evav †`qv
َ ش َج ٌر- e„¶vw` (mgwóevPK صدُ ْو ٌر/ ُ صدْ ٌر َ - e¶/ eûePb
اطٌ ص ِر
we‡kl¨) َ - c_, iv¯Ív
َ ش َج َر ٌة - GKwU e„¶, Dw™¢` ُ ص
ف ِ ْ َي ر/ف َ ص َ َر - wd‡i hvIqv
ش ُب
َ ْ َي ر/ ش َب ِ َر فُ ص
- cvb Kiv َِّ ُي ر/ف َ ص َّ َر - II. e¨vL¨v Kiv, Ab¨w`‡K
اب ٌ ش َ َر - GKwU cvbxq PvwjZ Kiv
شٌّ َر - `yó, g›`, ¶wZmvaK ِ ْ ت ر- w`K cwieZ©b
ٌ َص ْي
ف
(e¯‘) (evZvm‡K)
ِ ْ َي ر/ شى ِ
شى َ َ ر- weµq Kiv, cY¨ wewbgq ب َ َأ َص- IV cwZZ nIqv, NUv ;
ُ ُيص ْي/اب
َي ْش رَ ِتى/تى ِ
َ َ ا ْش ر- VIII. µq Kiv, cY¨ AvNvZ Kiv, ¶wZ Kiv
wewbgq ُم ِص ْي َب ٌة- Pig `y`©kv, `yf©vM¨
ُ ْش َياطِ ن/
ي َ ان ٌ َ ش ْي َط- kqZvb, kqZvbmg~n َي ِص رْ ُي/ ص َار َ - hvIqv, †Kv‡bv D‡Ï‡k¨
َي ْش ُع ُر/ َ ش َع َر- Abyfe Kiv, my² welq PvwjZ nIqv, †bvqv‡bv
Dcjwä Kiv, Abyfe َم ِص رْ ٌي- wbqwZ, j¶¨
Kiv
َي ْش ُع ُر ْو َن- Zviv ¯úófv‡e Dcjw× ض
K‡i فَ ض ُع َ - `ye©j nIqv
ت َْش ُع ُر ْو َن- Zzwg (eûePb) Dcjw× ف ٌ ض ْع َ - `ye©jZv
Ki ض َع َفا ُء/
ُ ف ٌ ض ِع ْي
َ - `ye©j, `ye©j e¨w³/eûePb
َي ْش َف ُع/ َ ش َف َع- ga¨¯’Zv Kiv, kvdvqvZ /ف َ اِ ْست َْض َع
Kiv ُ َي ْست َْض ِع
ف - X `ye©jZvi my‡hvM MÖnY
ُ َ ش ِف ْي ٌع- ga¨¯’ZvKvix/
ش َف َعا ُء/ Kiv, Lvivc e¨envi
ga¨¯’ZvKvixMY Kiv, †kvlY Kiv
َ ش َفا َع ٌة- ga¨¯’Zv ُم ْست َْض َع ُف ْو َن- `ye©jRb, GKRb hv‡K
لش ْم ُس َّ َا- m~h© †kvlY Kiv n‡q‡Q
ف ِ ي َض/ف
ُ اع ُ َ ضا َع
َ - III. wظY Kiv
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 117
me©bvg
Aviwe fvlvq me©bvg¸wj‡K cÖavbZ Pvi fv‡M wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| wb‡gœ Dnv‡`i ZvwjKv †`Iqv n‡jv:
ِ
3. ms‡hvRK me©bvg ص ْو ُل َ َا اْل ْس ُم ا ْل
ُ ـم ْو
ِ ِ ِ
َ َا اْل ْس ُم اْال َش
4. wb‡`©kK me©bvg ارة
َر هُّ ُب ْم ِمن ُْه ْم َع َل ْي ِه ْم ُه ْم ِه ْمZv‡`i/ Zv‡`i‡K َر ُّب ُه ِمنْ ُه َع َل ْي ِه ُه ِهZvi, Zv‡K 3q, cys
َر هُّ ُب َّن ِمن ُْه َّن َع َل ْي ِه َّن ُه َّن ِه َّنZv‡`i/ Zv‡`i‡K َر هُّ َبا ِمن َْها َع َل ْي َها َها Zvi, Zv‡K 3q ¯¿x
َر ُّبك ُْم ِمنْك ُْم َع َل ْيك ُْم † ك ُْمZvgv‡`i/ َر ُّب َك ِمن َْك َع َل ْي َك † َكZvgvi, †Zvgv‡K 2q, cys
†Zvgv‡`i‡K
َر ُّب ُك َّن ِمنْ ُك َّن َع َل ْي ُك َّن † ُك َّنZvgv‡i/ َر ُّب ِك ِمن ِْك َع َل ْي ِك † ِكZvgvi, †Zvgv‡K 2q, ¯¿x
†Zvgv‡`i‡K
1g, cys I
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv
َر َّبنَا ِمنَّا َع َل ْينَا نَاAvgv‡`i/ َر ِّبى ِمنِّى َع ىَ َّل ـِى نِىAvgvi, Avgv‡K
Avgv‡`i‡K ¯¿x
wØePb
3q, cys I ¯¿x,
َر هُّ ُب اَم ِمن ُْه اَم َع َل ْي ِهم هاِ مُ مZv‡`i Df‡q/ Zv‡`i‡K
َ هاَ
َر ُّبك اَُم ِمنْك اَُم َع َل ْيكُم † كُمZvgvi Df‡q, †Zvgv‡`i‡K 2q, cys I ¯¿x,
AZxZKv‡ji wµqvi m‡½ wbwnZ _vKv Awef³‡hvM¨ me©bvg
eûePb wØePb GKePb cyiæl, wj½
Zviv (cys) wj‡LwQj ُ
(ه ْم) َك َت ُبوا Zviv (Df‡q) wj‡LwQj (ها) َك َت َبا
َ ُم †m(cys) wj‡LwQj َب
َ (ه َو) َكت ُ 3q, cys
†Zvgiv (cys) wjLwQ‡j ( َأ ْنت ُْم) َك َت ْبت ُْم †Zvgiv (Df‡q) wj‡LwQ‡j ( َأ ْنت اَُم) َك َت ْبتُم Zzwg (cys) wj‡LwQ‡j َ ( َأن
ْت) َك َت ْب َت 2q, cys
†Zvgiv (¯¿x) wj‡LwQ‡j ( َأ ْن ُت َّن) َك َت ْب ُت َّن †Zvgiv (Df‡q) wj‡LwQ‡j ( َأ ْنت اَُم) َك َت ْبتُم Zzwg (¯¿x) wj‡LwQ‡j ت ِ ( َأن
ِ ْت) َك َتب
ْ 2q, ¯¿x
Avgiv wj‡LwQjvg (ن َْح ُن) َك َت ْبنَا Avgiv wj‡LwQjvg (ن َْح ُن) َك َت ْبنَا Avwg wj‡LwQjvg ( َأنَا) َك َت ْب ُت 1g, cys I ¯¿x
eZ©gvb wµqvi
wµqv we Kg© we KZ©v we AbyÁv eZ©gvb hymxf eZ©gvb wb‡`©kK AZxZ ©c¨vUvb dig bs
mv‡cÿ 1bs dig
رِ ِ
ش ٌب
ْ ش ْو ٌب
َم رْ ُ
َش ِ
ار ٌب ش ْب
ا رْ َ ش ْب
َي رْ َ ش َب
َي رْ َ ش ُب
َي رْ َ رَ ِ
ش َب َف َع َل 1 رَ ِ
ش َب
ت َْذ ِك رْ ٌي ُم َذك ٌَّر ُم َذك ٌِّر َذك ِّْر ُي َذك ِّْر ُي َذك َِّر ُي َذك ُِّر َذك ََّر َف َّع َل 2 َذك ََر
اج
إِ ْخ َر ٌ ـخ َر ٌج
ُم ْ ـخ ِر ٌج
ُم ْ َأ ْخ ِر ْج ـخ ِر ْج
ُي ْ ـخ ِر َج
ُي ْ ـخ ِر ُج
ُي ْ َأ ْخ َر َج َأ ْف َع َل 4 َخ َر َج
َت َع ُّل ٌم ُم َت َع َّل ٌم ُم َت َع ِّل ٌم َت َع َّل ْم َي َت َع َّل ْم َي َت َع َّل َم َي َت َع َّل ُم َت َع َّل َم َت َف َّع َل 5 َع ِل َم
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv
او ٌن
َت َع ُ او ٌن
ُم َت َع َ او ٌن
ُم َت َع ِ او ْن
َت َع َ او ْن
َي َت َع َ او َن
َي َت َع َ او ُن
َي َت َع َ او َن
َت َع َ َت َفا َع َل 6 ان
َع َ
ِ رِ ِ
اف
ْص ٌ
ان َ ف
ْص ٌ
ُمن رَ َ ف
ْص ٌ
ُمن رَ ِ ف
ْص ْ
اِن رَ ِ ف
ْص ْ
َين رَ ِ ف
ْص َ
َين رَ ِ ف
ْص ُ
َين رَ ِ ف
ْص َ
ان رَ َ اِ ْن َف َع َل 7 ف
ص َ
رَ َ
ِ ِ
ـاع
ا ْست َم ٌ ُم ْست ََم ٌع ُم ْست َِم ٌع اِ ْست َِم ْع َي ْست َِم ْع َي ْست َِم َع َي ْست َِم ُع اِ ْست ََم َع اِ ْف َت َع َل 8 َس ِم َع
اِ ْس ِو َدا ٌد ...... ُم ْس َو ٌد اِ ْس َو ْد َي ْس َو ْد َي ْس َو َّد َي ْس َو ُّد اِ ْس َو َّد اِ ْف َع َّل 9 َس ِو َد
اِ ْستِ ْغ َف ٌار ُم ْس َت ْغ َف ٌر ُم ْس َت ْغ ِف ٌر اِ ْس َت ْغ ِف ْر َي ْس َت ْغ ِف ْر َي ْس َت ْغ ِف َر َي ْس َت ْغ ِف ُر اِ ْس َت ْغ َف َر اِ ْس َت ْف َع َل 10 َغ َف َر
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 127
ms‡hvRbx
128 KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv
ms‡hvRbx 1
ـمنْ َف ِص َل ُة ِ َّ
¯^Zš¿ me©vbvg Seperate Pronoun
ُ الض اَمئ ُـر ا ْل
ـمت َِّص َل ُة ِ َّ
mshy³ me©vbvg Attached Pronoun
ُ الض اَمئ ُـر ا ْل
wb‡`©kK me©vbvg Demonstrative Pronoun ال َش َار ِةِ َْأ ْس اَم ُء إ
ms‡hvRK me©vbvg Conjunctive Pronoun ـم ْو ُص ْو َل ِة َ َأ ْس اَم ُء ا ْل
m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q Preposition ـج ِّرَ ف ا ْل ُ ُح ُر ْو
ِ ا ْل رَش/ف
ط ِ ف ا ْلع ْط
ms‡hvRK Ae¨q Conjunction
ْ َ ُ ُح ُر ْو
Av‡eMm~PK Ae¨q Interjection ف النِّدَ ِاء ُ ُح ُر ْو
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 129
ms‡hvRbx 2
(6.2) Kg©KviK (Accusative Case ev Objective Case, ب ٌ ) َالن َّْص: hLb †Kv‡bv we‡kl¨ ev me©bvg †Kv‡bv wµqvi Kg©
wnmv‡e e¨eüZ nq, ZLb H we‡kl¨ ev me©bvgwU Kg©Kvi‡K Av‡Q| Dc‡ii D`vni‡Yi ُأ َّم ًةGes احدَ ًة ِ وkã `yBU
َ
Kg©Kvi‡K Av‡Q A_©vr ب
ٌ | َمن ُْص ْو
َّ ) َا: †h we‡kl¨ ev me©bvg †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev e¯‘i m‡½ m¤^Ü
(6.3) m¤^Üm~PK KviK (Genitive ev Possessive Case, لـج ُر
cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K m¤^Üm~PK KviK e‡j| †hgb: ; َل ْي َل ُة ا ْل َقدْ ِرGLv‡b ا ْل َقدْ ِرkãwU m¤^Üm~PK Kvi‡K Av‡Q A_©vr
ـج ُر ْو ٌر
ْ | َم
(7) evP¨ (Voice)
KZ©vi KvR cÖKvk Kivi `yÕwU Dcvq Av‡Q (1) KZ©v wb‡R KvR K‡i Ges (2) KZ©vi Dc‡i †Kv‡bv KvR Kiv nq| Ggwbfv‡e
KZ©vi KvR cÖKvk Kivi ixwZ‡K evP¨ e‡j| evP¨ `yB cÖKvi:
(7.1) KZ…©evP¨ (Active Voice, ) َم ْع ُل ْو ٌم: hLb KZ©v wb‡R KvR K‡i, ZLb wµqvi KZ…©evP¨ nq| ‡hgb: ان ِ ْ| َخ َل َق اهللُ ا
ُ الن َْس
(7.2) Kg©evP¨ (Passive Voice,ـج ُه ْو ٌل ِ
ْ ) َم: hLb KZ©vi Dci KvR Kiv nq, ZLb wµqvi Kg©evP¨ nq| ‡hgb: ُخل َق
ِ ْ| ا
ُ الن َْس
ان
(8) AvwU©‡Kj (Article)
‡h kã ev A¶i we‡kl¨-Gi c~‡e© e‡m Zvi wbw`©óZv ev Awbw`©óZv wb‡`©k K‡i †m me A¶i‡K wb‡`©kK AvwU©‡Kj e‡j|
AvwU©‡Kj `yB cÖKvi t
(8.1) wbw`©ó AvwU©‡Kj (Definite Article): †h AvwU©‡Kj Øviv †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev e¯‘‡K wbw`©ó K‡i eySvq, Zv‡K wbw`©ó AvwU©‡Kj
ِ
ُ | َا ْلكت
e‡j| Aviwe‡Z wbw`©ó AvwU©‡Kj GKwU ‡ َا ْلhgb: َاب
(8.2) Awbw`©ó AvwU©‡Kj (Indefinite Article): †h AvwU©‡Kj Øviv †Kvb e¨w³ ev e¯‘‡K wbw`©ó K‡i eySvq bv, Zv‡K Awbw`©ó
AvwU©‡Kj e‡j, Aviwe‡Z †Kvb Awbw`©ó Awbw`©ó bvB| we‡kl¨/ we‡klY Gi †kl A¶‡i Zvbfxb hy³ K‡i Awbw`©ó
AvwU©‡Kj Gi KvR m¤úbœ Kiv nq; †hgb:َاب ِ
ٌ | كت
(9) Kvj (Tense, انَ ) َز َم
evsjv I Bs‡iwR‡Z Kvj wZb cÖKvi, wKš‘ Aviwe‡Z Kvj `yB cÖKvi :
ٍي
(9.1) AZxZKvj (Past Tense, اض ٌ ) َم: hLb wµqvi KvR m¤úbœ n‡q hvq ZLb wµqvi AZxZKvj nq; †hgb: َب َ † َكتm
wj‡LwQj|
(9.2) eZ©gvbKvj (Present Tense, ار ٌع ِ ) ُم َض: hLb wµqvi KvR Pj‡Q ev Pj‡e GiKg Ae¯’v eySvq ZLb wµqvi ÔeZ©gvbÕ
Kvj nq; †hgb: ُب ُ † َي ْكتm wj‡L| َسGes ف َ َس ْوhy³ K‡i eZ©gvb Kv‡ji wµqvi iƒc Øviv fwel¨r Kvj Gi A_©
cÖKvk Kiv nq; †hgb: ُب ُ † َس َي ْكتm wj‡L‡e |
(10) wµqvi fve (Mood)
wµqvi Kv‡Ri wewfbœ cÖKvi ixwZ‡K wµqvi fve e‡j A_ev wµqvi †h Ae¯’vi Øviv †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri aib, cÖKvi ev ixwZ Rvbv hvq,
Zv‡K wµqvi fve e‡j| evsjv I Bs‡iRx fvlvq wµqvi fve ev Mood wZb cÖKvi| h_v: wb‡`©kKfve (Indicative Mood,
) َم ْر ُف ْو ٌع, mv‡c¶fve (Subjunctive Mood, ) َمن ُْص ْو ٌبGes AbyÁvfve (Imperative Mood, | ) َأ ْم ٌرwKš‘ Aviwe fvlvq
GB wZb cÖKvi wµqvi fve QvovI PZz_© GK cÖKvi Mood ev fve Av‡Q, hv‡K hymxffve ( Jussive Mood ) ev ـج ُز ْو ٌم ْ َم
e‡j| Aviwe fvlvq †Kej gvÎ eZ©gvbKv‡ji wµqvi Rb¨ wµqvi-fve e¨envi nq|
(10.1) wb‡`©kKfve: †h wµqvc` Øviv †Kvb NUbv eY©bv Kiv nq, †mB ai‡Yi wµqvc` wb‡`©kK fve Gi AšÍf~©³| ‡hgb:
ي ُل ُق َما َي َشا ُء
ْ َ | خGLv‡b َي َشا ُءwµqvwU wb‡`©kK fve G Av‡Q|
(10.2) mv‡c¶fve: Aviwe fvlvq GKwU ev‡K¨i Aew¯’Z cÖavb wµqvi c‡i †h wµqv Av‡m †m wµqwU mv‡c¶ fve G e¨eüZ
nq| cÖavb-wµqvwU mvaiYZ Av‡`k Kiv, Kvgbv ev B”Qv Kiv, fq Kiv, BZ¨vw` A_© cÖKvk K‡i; mv‡c¶ fv‡ei wµqvi
132 KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv
c~‡e© K›Uªjvi (Controller) ن ْ َل, ِل, َأ ْن, BZ¨vw` e¨envi Ki‡Z nq ‡hgb:
ب إِ َل ْي ِه
َ ُأ ِر ْيدُ َأ ْن َأ ْذ َه, GLv‡b ب َ َأ ْذ َهwµqvi iƒcwU mv‡c¶ fve G Av‡Q|
ِ
ُب الدَّ ْر َس َ نَس ْي ُت َأ ْن َأ ْكت, GLv‡b ُب َ َأ ْكتwµqvi iƒcwU mv‡c¶ fve G Av‡Q|
(10.3) hymxffve: †h wµqv Øviv †Kvb (g½j ev Ag½j) Kvgbv Kiv, †Kv‡bv wb‡lavÁv †`Iqv, AZxZKv‡j †Kv‡bv KvR bv
Kivi A¯^xK…wZ BZ¨vw` cÖKvk Kiv, BZ¨vw` eySvq, Aviex fvlvq †mB fve‡K ـج ُز ْو ٌم ْ َمe‡j| Bs‡iRx ev evsjv fvlvq
GB ai‡Yi wµqv Imperative mood ev AbyÁvfve Gi AšÍf©~³| hymxf fv‡e e¨eüZ wµqvi c~‡e© K›Uªjvi
(Controller) ن ْ ِ ا, ْ مَل, َل, لBZ¨vw` e¨envi Ki‡Z nq; †hgb:
آخ َر َ اَل جَ ْت َع ْل َم َع اهللِ إِ هَلًا, GLv‡b جَ ْت َع ْلwµqvi iƒcwU hymxf fve G Av‡Q|
; مَل َي ْع َل ْمGLv‡b َي ْع َل ْمwµqvi iƒcwU hmxf fve G Av‡Q|
(10.4) AbyÁvfve † ) َأ ْم ٌرh wµqv †Kv‡bv Av‡`k, Dc‡`k ev Aby‡iva cÖKvk K‡i, †mB ai‡Yi wµqv c` AbyÁvfve
(Imperative Mood) Gi AšÍf©~³| ‡hgb:
َوا ْع ُبدُ ْوا َر َّبك ُْم, GLv‡b ُا ْع ُبدُ ْوwµqvi iƒcwU AbyÁv fv‡e Av‡Q|
َوا ْغ ِف ْر َلنَا َر َّبنَا, GLv‡b اِ ْغ ِف ْرwµqvi iƒcwU AbyÁv fv‡e Av‡Q|
(11) Avwjd-gvKmyiv
‡Kvb k‡ãi †kl A¶i hw` يnq Ges Zvi c~‡e©i A¶‡i hw` hei _v‡K, ZLb †mB يGi D”PviY gv` Gi Avwjd Gi
gZ nq, †m †¶‡Î يGi †bv³v D‡V hvq; ZLb †mB † ىK Avwjd-gvKmyiv ejv nq| †hgb: | ِع ْي َسى
(12) gy`vd Ges gy`vd-Bjvqwn:
hLb `yBwU we‡kl¨ wKsev Zvi mgv_©K kã cvkvcvwk e‡m Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †h m¤^Ü ¯’vwcZ nq, Aviwe‡Z GB m¤^܆K B`vdZ (
)إِ َضا َف ٌةe‡j| cÖ_g we‡kl¨wU‡K gy`vd (اف ٌ ) ُم َضGes wØZxq we‡kl¨wU ev Zvi mgv_©K kãwU‡K gy`vd-Bjvqwn(اف اِ َل ْي ِهٌ ) ُم َض
e‡j| ‡hgb: َل ْي َل ُة ا ْل َقدْ ِرGKwU B`vdZ | GLv‡b َل ْي َل ُةkãwU gy`vd Ges ا ْل َقدْ ِرkãwU gy`vd-Bjvqwn| gy`vd kãwU me mgq
wbw`©ó; GKwU ev‡K¨ Zvi Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx gy`vd kãwU KZ©v, Kg© ev m¤^Ü Kvi‡K n‡Z cv‡i; Z‡e Zvbfxb _vK‡j Zvbfxb D‡V
hv‡e, wØePb n‡j wØeP†bi ِنD‡V hv‡e Ges AUzU eûePb n‡j eûeP‡bi َنD‡V hv‡e| gy`vd-Bjvqwn me mgq m¤^Ü Kvi‡K
n‡e|
(13) MvBi gybmvwid ev فِ الـْممنُوع ِمن الص
ْ ََّ ْ ْ ُ َ ر
‡h mg¯Í we‡kl¨ I we‡klY KLbB Zvbfxb MÖnb K‡i bv, wKš‘ KviK cwieZ©†b iƒc cwieZ©b nq, Z‡e Kg© I m¤^ÜmyPK Kvi‡K
GKBiƒc MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K MvBi gybmvwid e‡j, cvðv‡Z¨i e¨vKiYwe`MY GB ai‡bi we‡kl¨‡K Second Declension bvg
Kib K‡i‡Qb| ‡hgb: ُ َا مْحَد, ان
ُ | َر َم َض
(14) gve&wbDb () َم ْبن ِ ٌى
‡h mg¯Í we‡kl¨ I we‡kl‡Yi ‡ÿ‡Î KviK cwieZ©b n‡jI Zv‡`i iƒc KLbB cwieZ©b nq bv, †mB mg¯Í we‡kl¨ I we‡klY‡K
gvewbDb e‡j| †hgb: صا ِ
َ َع, ع ْي َسى, | ُم ْو َسى
(15) we‡kl¨ ( ) اِ ْس ٌم
Aviwe fvlvq we‡kl¨¸wj cÖv_wgKfv‡e `yB fv‡M wef³ Kiv nq, h_v:-
(15.1) Avw` (Premitive), †hgb: س ٌ †( َف َرNvov), ( َر ُج ٌلgvbyl), ( َما ٌءcvwb), ي
ٌ ْ†( َع نPvL) BZ¨vw`|
(15.1.1) mgwóevPK we‡kl¨ (الَ ْم ِع ِ
ْ ا ْس ُم ج, Collective Noun )
‡h we‡kl¨ Øviv †Kv‡bv `j, †Mvwô ev MÖæ‡ci GKwU‡K bv eywS‡q H ‡Mvwôi me¸wj‡K eySvq Zv‡K
mgwóevPK we‡kl¨ e‡j; †hgb: اض َ ( َمcÖme †e`bv), ( َر ْج ٌلcv), (مـ َُج ْو ُسgvRym), BZ¨vw`|
ٌ ـخ
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 133
ms‡hvRbx 3
Aviwe fvlvq msL¨vMwiô wµqv wZb A¶i wewkó A_©vr wZbwU g~j A¶i Øviv MwVZ| Aek¨ Pvi A¶i wewkó wµqv G‡Kev‡i Lye Kg
bq|
wZb A¶i wewkó g~j wµqv Ges Pvi A¶i wewkó g~j wµqvi m‡½ AwZwi³ A¶i hy³ K‡i AviI wKQy wµqvi iƒc Av‡Q, †h¸wj g~j
(wZb Aÿi wewkó) wµqvi wewfbœ fvev_© cÖKvk K‡i|
wZb A¶i wewkó g~j wµqv n‡Z D™¢vweZ wµqvi msL¨v mvaviYZt 14wU, Z‡e wk¶v_©xiv †k‡li PviwU D‡c¶v Ki‡Z cv‡ib, KviY
(GKv`k b¤^iwU e¨ZxZ) G¸wji e¨envi Lye Kg|
َف َع َلGKwU wZb A¶i wewkó g~j wµqv, hvi A_© Ò†m K‡iwQjÓ| GB wµqvwU‡K ( َف َع َلdig bs-1) bgybv a‡i 2bs n‡Z 15bs ch©šÍ
D™¢vweZ dig (Derived Forms) wbgœiƒc t
dig bs D™¢~Z wµqvi iƒc dig bs D™¢~Z wµqvi iƒc dig bs D™¢~Z wµqvi iƒc
Pvi A¶i wewkó g~j wµqv ( َف ْع َل َلdig bs-1 ) †K bgybv wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i D™¢vweZ dig¸wj wbgœiƒc:
2 َت َف ْع َل َل
3 اِ ْف َعنْ َل َل
4 اِ ْف َع َل َّل
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 135
ms‡hvRbx 4
wµqvevPK we‡k‡l¨i
bgybv Abyhvqx MwVZ wewfbœ wµqvi wµqvevPK we‡k‡l¨i D`vniY
bgybv mg~n
4 فِ ْع ٌل ِح ْف ٌظ ِع ْل ٌم ِذك ٌْر فِ ْس ٌق
6 ُف ْع ٌل ُج ْب ٌن ُش ْغ ٌل ٌُز ْهد ُشك ٌْر ش ٌب
ْ ُر ُس ْخ ٌط ُو ٌّد
9 َف َع َل ٌة َغ َل َب ٌة َض َب َع ٌة َع َظ َم ٌة َشكَا ٌة
wµqvevPK we‡k‡l¨i
bgybv Abyhvqx MwVZ wewfbœ wµqvi wµqvevPK we‡k‡l¨i D`vniY
bgybv mg~n
19 َف ْعآل ُء َر ْغ َبآ ُء َر ْه َبآ ُء
19 ُف ْع َ
ال ُء ُر ْه َبا ُء
فِ َع ٌال اب ِ ِ ِق َيا ٌم ِ رِ نِ َف ٌار
26 ح َج ٌ َاح
نك ٌ اب
ا َي ٌ شا ٌد
َ
27 ُف َع ٌال ُس َؤ ٌال ُس َع ٌال ُزكَا ٌم ُم َشآ ٌء ُا َز ٌاز ُن َع ٌ
اق
28 َف َعا َل ٌة َظ َرا َف ٌة َن َظا َف ٌة َج َزا َل ٌة اح ٌة
َف َص َ َض َخا َم ٌة َز َها َد ٌة
29 فِ َعا َل ٌة ِكتَا َب ٌة ِس َف َار ٌة ِع َبا َد ٌة ِص َيا َن ٌة
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 137
wµqvevPK we‡k‡l¨i
bgybv Abyhvqx MwVZ wewfbœ wµqvi wµqvevPK we‡k‡l¨i D`vniY
bgybv mg~n
30 ُف َعا َل ٌة ُب َغا َي ٌة ُخ َف َار ٌة
32 َف ُع ْو ٌل َق ُب ْو ٌل َو ُل ْو ٌع َو ُق ْو ٌد َو ُض ْو ٌء
33 ُف ُع ْو ٌل ُخ ُر ْو ٌج ُد ُخ ْو ٌل ُو ُر ْو ٌد ُغدُ ٌّو ُج ُح ْو ٌد ُل ُز ْو ٌم ُقدُ ْو ٌم
K`vwPr
[33 َف ُع ْو َل ٌة َا ُل ْو َك ٌة
e¨eüZ
35 َف ُع ْولِ َّي ٌة َخ ُص ْو ِص َّي ٌة َل ُص ْو ِص َّي ٌة
36 ُف ُع ْولِ َّي ٌة ُخ ُص ْو ِص َّي ٌة ُج ُه ْولِ َّي ٌة ُش ُي ْو ِخ َّي ٌة
َف ِع ْي ٌل َص ِه ْي ٌل ن َِع ْي ٌق ب ِ َا ِز ْي ٌز َذ ِم ْي ٌل
37 نَع ْي ٌ
39 َم ْف َع ٌل َمدْ َخ ٌل حَم ْ َب ٌس حَم ْ َم ٌل َم َف ٌّر
42 َم ْف َع َل ٌة حَم ْ َمدَ ٌة ك ََر َّم ٌة َم َو َّد ٌة َم ْر َضا ٌة
43 َم ْف ِع َل ٌة حَم ْ ِمدَ ٌة َم ْر ِج َع ٌة َم ْع ِر َف ٌة َم ْو ِجدَ ٌة َم ِس رْ َي ٌة َم ْا ِو َي ٌة
ms‡hvRbx 5
D™¢vweZ wµqvi (wZb A¶i wewkó g~j wµqv, 2bs dig n‡Z 10bs dig ch©šÍ) wµqvevPK we‡kl¨ MVb cÖK…wZi ZvwjKv bx‡P †`Iqv
nj ( َف َع َلwµqv bgybv wnmv‡e aiv n‡q‡Q):
ms‡hvRbx 6
D™¢vweZ wµqv n‡Z KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨ I Kg©evPK we‡kl¨ MV‡bi bgybv (Pattern)
D™¢vweZ wµqv (wZb A¶i wewkó g~j wµqv) n‡Z اع ٌلِ ( اِس ِم َفKZ©v we‡kl¨ ev Participle Active ) Ges ( اِس ِم م ْفعو ٌلKg© we‡kl¨
ْ ُْ َ ْ
ev Participle Passive) MV‡bi bgybv ZvwjKv bx‡P †`Iqv nj ( َف َع َلwµqv‡K bgybv wnmv‡e aiv n‡q‡Q)|
D™¢vweZ wµqvi D™¢vweZ wµqvi bgybv D™¢vweZ wµqvi KZ©vevPK we‡kl¨ D™¢vweZ wµqvi Kg©evPK
dig bs dig we‡kl¨
ms‡hvRbx 7
ِ َا ْلGi iƒcvšÍ‡ii we‡kl wbqg
gyÕZvj wµqv ـم َث ُال
(cÖ_g g~j A¶i وev ) ي
ِ َا ْلGi †h mg¯Í wµqvi cÖ_g g~j Aÿi وGes eZ©gvbKvj iƒ‡c wØZxq g~j Aÿ‡i †hi MÖnY K‡i †m mKj
ُ ـم َث
1. gyÕZvj wµqv ال
wµqvi †ÿ‡Î eZ©gvbKvj iƒ‡c وwejyß n‡e; †hgb:
ِ َا ْلGi †h mg¯Í wµqvi cÖ_g g~j Aÿi وGes eZ©gvbKvj iƒ‡c wØZxq g~j Aÿ‡i hei ev †ck MÖnY K‡i †m
ُ ـم َث
2. gyÕZvj wµqv ال
mKj wµqvi †ÿ‡Î eZ©gvbKvj iƒ‡c وwejyß n‡e bv; †hgb:
ِ َا ْلGi wb‡¤œ D‡jøwLZ 8wU wµqvi cÖ_g g~j Aÿi وGes eZ©gvbKvj iƒ‡c wØZxq g~j Aÿ‡i hei n‡jI
ُ ـم َث
3. gyÕZvj wµqv ال
eZ©gvbKvj iƒ‡c وwejyß n‡e; †hgb:
ms‡hvRbx 8
†h mg¯Í wµqvi wØZxq g~j A¶i وev † يm mg¯Í wµqvi 1, 4, 6, 8 Ges 10 bs di‡g iƒcvšÍ‡ii wbqg, Strong Verb ( A_©vr
†h mg¯Í wµqvi g~j A¶‡i ا وI † يbB) n‡Z iƒcvšÍ‡ii wbq‡gi m‡½ wKQz e¨wZµg Av‡Q| cÖavb e¨wZµg¸wj bx‡P D‡jøL Kiv nj:
wbqg 1 :
wZbwU g~j A¶iB hw` avivevwnK fv‡e niKZ _v‡K Ges 1g g~j A¶‡i Rei ( ) ـَـI 3q g~j A¶‡i †h †Kvb niKZ _v‡K Zv n‡j
2q g~j A¶i (A_©vr وev )يgvÏ Gi ( اAvwjd) G iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡e, †hgb:
AvRIqvd wµqv wbqg-1 Abymv‡i cwieZ©xZ iƒc AvRIqvd wµqvi e¨vKiYMZ Ae¯’vb
َق َو َم َقا َم AZxZKvj, KZ©„evP¨ Form I
َ َخ ِو
ف َ َخ
اف -H-
َط ُو َل َط َال -H-
َس رَ َي َس َار -H-
ب َ َه ِي اب َ َه -H-
اِ ْن َق َو َد اِ ْن َقا َد AZxZKvj, dig bs-7
َينْ َق ِو ُد َينْ َقا ُد eZ©gvbKvj, KZ©„evP¨ dig bs-7
اِ ْقت ََو َد اِ ْقتَا َد AZxZKvj, KZ©„evP¨ dig bs- 8
َاِ ْز َد َيد اِ ْز َدا َد -H-
َُي ْز َد ِيد َي ْز َدا ُد eZ©gvbKvj, dig bs-7
wbqgÑ2:
AZxZ †_‡K eZ©gvbKv‡j iƒcvšÍ‡ii Kvi‡Y hw` 1g g~j A¶i niKZ wenxb n‡q hvq Ges 3q g~j A¶‡i niKZ _v‡K Zvn‡j 2q g~j
A¶‡ii niKZ 1g g~j A¶‡i P‡j hv‡e Ges 2q g~j A¶iwU ( وev ) ىcÖ_g g~j A¶‡i GLb †h niKZ †cj Zvi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z
gv‡Ïi A¶‡i iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡e, †hgb:
ُي ْق ِو ُم †m †_‡K hvq ُي ِق ْي ُم eZ©gvb Kvj, KZ©„evP¨xq, dig bs-4
يُ ُِي ْل ن †m bgbxq nq ي ُ ُْي ِل ن -H-
َا ْق ِو ُم ْوا _vKv َا ِق ْي ُم ْوا Av‡`km~PK, eûePb, dig bs-4
َا ْل ِين ُْوا bgbxq nIqv َالِ ْين ُْوا -H-
َا ْق َو َم †m wQj َا َقا َم AZxZ Kvj, KZ©„evP¨xq, dig bs-4
ي َ ََا ْل ن †m bgbxq n‡qwQj َاالَ َن -H-
َي ْس َت ْق ِو ُم †m †mvRv n‡q `vovq َي ْست َِق ْي ُم eZ©gvb Kvj, KZ©„evP¨xq, dig bs-10
يَ ُِا ْس ُت ْل ن Zv‡K f`ª g‡b Kiv n‡qwQj ي َ ُْا ْست ُِل ن AZxKvj, Kg©evP¨xq, dig bs-10
ُي ْس َت ْق َي ُل ¶gv PvIqv n‡q‡Q ُي ْس َت َق ُال eZ©gvbKvj, Kg©evP¨xq, dig bs-10
wbqgÑ3 :
hymxf Ges AbyÁvfve G iƒcvšÍ‡ii Kvi‡Y 3q g~j A¶‡ii niKZ AcmvwiZ nIqvq `yBwU cvkvcvwk A¶‡i Rhg P‡j Av‡m; `yBwU
cvkvcvwk A¶‡i Rhg nIqvq D”Pvi‡Yi myweav‡_© g‡Ïi A¶iwU D‡V hv‡e, †hgb:
AvRIqvd wµqv wbqg-2 Abymv‡i wbqg-3 Abymv‡i AvRIqvd wµqvi e¨vKiYMZ Ae¯’vb
cwieZ©xZ iƒc cwieZ©xZ
)( َي ْق ُو ْل َي ُق ْو ْل َي ُق ْل hymxf, KZ©„evP¨xq dig bs-1
)( َي ْس رِ ْي َي ِس رْ ْي س ِر
ْ َي -H-
)فْ (ي َْو َخ ْ خَي
َاف َفْ خَي -H-
)( ُي ْق َو ْل ُي َق ْال ُي َق ْل hymxf, Kg©evP¨xq dig bs-1
)( ُي ْق ِو ْم ُي ِق ْي ْم ُي ِق ْم hymxf, KZ©„evP¨xq dig bs-1
)( َا ْق ِي ْل َا ِق ْي ْل َا ِق ْل AbyÁv dig bs-4
)( َا ْق ِو ْم َا ِق ْي ْم َا ِق ْم -H-
)( َا ْق َو ْم َت َا َقا ْم َت َا َق ْم َت ga¨g cyiæl, GKePb, cyswj½, AZxZ Kvj,
KZ©„evP¨xq, dig bs-4
)( َا ْق ِو ْد َت َا ِق ْيدْ َت َا ِقدْ َت HÑ Kg©evP¨xq, dig bs-4
)( ُا ْس ُت ْل ِين َْت ُا ْست ُِل ْين َْت ُا ْست ُِلن َْت HÑ Kg©evP¨xq, dig bs-4
)( َا ْق َو ْم َن َا َقا ْم َن َا َق ْم َن cÖ_g cyiæl, eûePb, ¯¿x wj½, AZxZ Kvj,
KZ©„evP¨xq, dig bs-4
)( َا ْق ِو ْم َن َا ِق ْي ْم َن َا ِق ْم َن ga¨g cyiæl, eûePb, ¯¿xwj½, AbyÁv dig bs-4
َ كwµqv (nIqv) Gi hymxf; A‡bK mgq we‡kl K‡i KweMY AviI ms‡¶‡c K‡i † َي ُكj‡Lb|
َ َي ُك, َان
`ªóe¨ t َيك ُْونGi Rb¨ ن
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 143
wbqg 4 :
c~e©eZx© `yB ai‡bi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j (wbqg-2 I wbqg-3) 1bs di‡gi Av‡`k m~PK di‡g (Imperative) cÖ`Ë AwZwi³ ا
(Avwjd) wU D‡V hv‡e, †hgb t
wbqg 5 :
hw` 1g g~j A¶‡ii niKZ †( ـُـck) nq Ges 2q g~j A¶‡i ( وev † ) ىRi _v‡K, Zvn‡j 1g g~j A¶‡ii †ck ( )ـُـwU D‡V wM‡q
2q g~j A¶‡ii ( وev † )ى ) (ـِـRiwU 1g g~j A¶‡i ¯’vbvšÍwiZ n‡e d‡j 2q g~j A¶iwU ( وev ) ىgv` Gi † ىZ iƒcvšÍwiZ
n‡e, †hgb t
AvRIqvd wµqvi Kg©evP¨ iƒc wbqgÑ5 Abymv‡i AvRIqvd wµqvi e¨vKiYMZ Ae¯’vb
cwieZ©xZ iƒc
ُق ِو َل ِق ْي َل AZxZKvj, Kg©evP¨ dig bs-1
ُس رِ َي ِس رْ َي -H-
ُا ْست ُِو َق ُا ْستِ ْي َق AZxZKvj, Kg©evP¨ dig bs-8
ُا ْخت رِ َُي ُا ْختِ رْ َي -H-
wbqg 6 :
hw` 1g g~j A¶‡i hei (_ )ـَـv‡K Ges 3q g~j A¶‡i †Kvb niKZ bv _v‡K Zvn‡j wZb fv‡e mgvavb Kiv nq †hgb t
(K) 2q g~j A¶‡i ( وev ) ىRei (_ )ـَـvK‡j, 2q g~j A¶iwU Zvi niKZmn D‡V hv‡e, wKš‘ Zvi cÖfv‡e Kvi‡Y 1g g~j A¶‡ii
Rei († )ـَـRi ( )ـِـG iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡e hw` A¶iwU ىnq A_ev †ck ( )ـُـG iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡Z hw` A¶iwU وnq, †hgb t
َق َو ْم َت n‡Z ُق ْم َت ga¨g cyiæl, GKePb, cyswj½, AZxZ Kvj, KZ©„evP¨ dig-1
َس رَ ْي َت س َت ِر
n‡Z ْ ga¨g cyiæl, GKePb, cyswj½, AZxZ Kvj, KZ©„evP¨ dig-1
144 KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv
(L) 2q g~j A¶iwU †ckmn وA_ev †Rimn ىn‡j, G‡¶‡Î 2q g~j A¶i niKZmn D‡V hv‡e wKš‘ Zvi cÖfv‡e 1g g~j A¶‡ii
hei († )ـَـc‡k iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡e hw` 2q g~j A¶iwU وnq Ges ىGi †¶‡Î †Ri ( )ـِـn‡e, †hgb :
َط ُو ْل َت n‡Z ُط ْل َت ga¨g cyiæl, GKePb, cyswj½, AZxZ Kvj, KZ©„evP¨ dig-1
َه ِي ْب َت n‡Z ِه ْي َت ga¨g cyiæl, GKePb, cyswj½, AZxZ Kvj, KZ©„evP¨ dig-1
(M) 2q g~j A¶i †Ri ( )ـِـmn وGi †¶‡ÎI GKBfv‡e 2q g~j A¶i niKZmn D‡V hv‡e wKš‘ 2q g~j A¶‡i †Ri ( )ـِـGi cÖfv‡e
1g g~j A¶‡ii Rei († )ـَـRi ( )ـِـG iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡e, †hgb:
َخ ِو ْف َت n‡Z ِخ ْف َت ga¨g cyiæl, GKePb, cyswj½, AZxZ Kvj, KZ©„evP¨ dig-1
ْت) َم ِو َّت
َ ) َم ِوتn‡Z ِم َّت ga¨g cyiæl, GKePb, cyswj½, AZxZ Kvj, KZ©„evP¨ dig-1
wbqg 7 :
wµqvi AZxZ Kvj I, VII Ges VIII di‡g hw` 3q g~j A¶‡ii niKZ D‡V hvq ZLb gvÏ Gi ىwU D‡V hv‡e, †hgb t
AvRIqvd wµqv wbqgÑ5 Abymv‡i cwieZ©xZ iƒc wbqgÑ7 Abymv‡i cwieZ©xZ iƒc
ُب ِي ْع َت بِ ْي ْع َت بِ ْع َت
ُل ِو ْم َت لِ ْي ْم َت ـم َتْ ل
ِ
ُا ْست ُِو ْق َت ُا ْستِ ْي ْق َت ُا ْستِ ْق َت
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 145
ms‡hvRbx 9
ِ َا ْلنGi iƒcvšÍ‡ii we‡kl wbqg
gyÕZvj wµqv َاق ُص
(Z…Zxq g~j A¶i وev ) ي
1. AZxZKvj:
1.1 g~j di‡g (1bs dig, cÖ_g cyiæl, cyswj½,GKePb) وGes يDf‡qiB D”PviY gv‡Ïi ( اAvwjd) Gi gZ nq, Z‡e
‡jLv‡Z وcwieZx©Z n‡q ( اAvwjd) nq Ges يcwieZx©Z n‡q ىnq; †hgb:
wKš‘ wØZxq g~j A¶‡i †hi _vK‡j ‡Kvb cwieZ©b Avm‡e bv; †hgb:
ض ِي ِي
َ َر ivwR nIqv,
َس
َ ن f~‡j hvIqv
َد َعا َد َع ُو ْوا n‡Z َد َع ْوا KZ©„evP¨ Zviv †W‡KwQj
ض ِي َر ِض ُي ْوا wØZxq g~j A¶‡i †hi Gi cwie‡Z©
َ َر n‡Z َر ُض ْوا KZ©„evP¨
†ck n‡q‡Q, KviY Aviwe fvlvq
ُد ِع َو ُد ِع ُو ْوا n‡Z ُد ُع ْوا Kg©evP¨ وGi c~‡e© †hi nq bv
َخ اَل ْت n‡Z َخ َل ْت GKePb Lvwj/ k~b¨/ duvKv/ MZ nIqv
َخ اَلتَا n‡Z َخ َلـتَا wØePb Zviv `yBRb MZ n‡qwQj
1.3 Z…Zxq g~j A¶i wejyß n‡e bv hw` †k‡li mshyw³ A¶‡i niKZ _v‡K; †hgb:
1 .3.1 Z…Zxq g~j وA¶i n‡j:
1
َد َعا َد َع ْو َن cÖ_g cyiæl, eûePb, ¯¿x Zviv(¯¿x) Avgš¿Y K‡iwQj
َد َعا َد َع ْو َت ga¨g cyiæl, GKePb, cys Zywg Avgš¿Y K‡iwQ†j
َد َعا َد َع ْو ُت DËg cyiæl, GKePb, (Avwg Avgš¿Y K‡iwQjvg)
َد َعا َد َع ْونَا DËg cyiæl, eûePb, (Avgiv Avgš¿Y K‡iwQjvg)
146 KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv
2. eZ©gvbKvj:
2.1 wµqv iƒ‡ci †k‡l Z…Zxq g~j A¶i _vK‡j Z…Zxq g~j A¶‡ii †ck wejyß n‡q hRg n‡e; †hgb:
َد َعا َيدْ ُع ُو n‡Z َيدْ ُع ْو cÖ_g cyiæl, GKePb, cys †m Avgš¿Y Ki‡Q
ِي ِي
َم َشى ش ُ ْ مَت n‡Z ش ْ ْ مَت ga¨g cyiæl, GKePb, cys Zzwg nuvUQ
ض ِي
َ َر ض
ُ َن َْر ي n‡Z ض
ْ َن َْر ي DËg cyiæl, eûePb Avgiv ivwR n‡qwQ
َع َفا َا ْع ُف ُو n‡Z َا ْع ُف ْو DËg cyiæl, GKePb Avwg ÿgv Kwi
we:`ª: مَت ْ ُش ْو َنGi wØZxq g~j A¶‡i †hi Gi cwie‡Z© †ck n‡q‡Q, KviY Aviwe fvlvq وGi c~‡e© †hi nq bv |
we:`ª: َ ْ† تَدْ ِع نZ wØZxq g~j A¶i عG †ck cwie‡Z© Gi †hi †jLv n‡q‡Q, KviY Aviwe fvlvq يGi c~‡e© †ck nq bv |
ي
4. mKj D™¢vweZ dig (A_©vr 2 bs n‡Z 10 bs dig) G Z…Zxq g~j A¶i وcwieZ©xZ n‡q ىn‡e, †hgb:
ms‡hvRbx 10
ِ ِ
Aviwefvlvwe`MY GB mg¯Í wµqv mgyn‡K ص ُّم َ ََا ْلف ْع ُل ﭐأل A_ev ف ُ َا ْلف ْع ُلﭐ ْل
ُ ـم َضا َع e‡jb|
wb†¤œ ewY©Z `yBwU †¶‡Î GB mg¯Í wµqv Ab¨vb¨ mvaviY wµqv n‡Z Avjv`v:
1. hLb cÖ_g g~j A¶i Ges Z„Zxq g~j A¶i Dfq‡ZB niKZ _v‡K, ZLb wØZxq g~j A¶‡ii niKZ D‡V hvq Ges wØZxq g~j
A¶iwU Z„Zxq g~j A¶‡ii m‡½ hy³ n‡q wØZ¡ MVb K‡i hv Zvkw`` w`‡q cÖKvk Kiv nq:-
2. hw` Z„Zxq g~j A¶‡i niKZ _v‡K Ges cÖ_g g~j A¶‡i niKZ bv _v‡K, Zvn‡j wØZxq g~j A¶‡ii niKZwU cÖ_g g~j A¶‡i
w`‡q †`qv nq Ges wØZxq g~j A¶iwU Z„Zxq g~j A¶‡ii m‡½ hy³ n‡q wØZ¡ MVb K‡i hv Zvkw`` w`‡q cÖKvk Kiv nq:-
ms‡hvRbx 11
K) wµqvi 4bs di‡gi AZxZKvj, bvg cyiæl, cyswj½, GKePb Gi c~‡e© َما Ges c‡i we‡k‡l¨i Kg©KviK iƒc ewm‡q:-
ms‡hvRbx 12
َ ْف ج
1. m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q ev Prepositions ( ال ِّر ُ ) ُح ُر ْو
2. wµqv we‡klY ev Adverbs ( اف ا ْل ِف ِع ِل
ُ ) َا ْو َص
ِ ف ا ْلع ْط
3. ms‡hvRK Ae¨q ev Conjunctions (ف ِ َّف ر
َ ُ ُح ُر ْوev الشط
ْ ُ ) ُح ُر ْو
ِ
4. Av‡eMm~PK Ae¨q ev Interjections. ( ف نِدَ اء
ُ ) ُح ُر ْو
1. m¤^Üm~~PK Ae¨q
†h mKj Ae¨q †Kv‡bv we‡kl¨ ev me©bvg Gi c~‡e© e‡m ev‡K¨i Ab¨ k‡ãi mv‡_ H we‡kl¨ ev me©bv‡gi m¤^Ü cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K
m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q ev (Preposition) e‡j| Aviwe e¨vKiYwe`MY GB Ae¨q¸wj‡K ال ِّر َ ْف ج
ُ ُح ُر ْوe‡jb| GB Ae¨q¸wj †h we‡k‡l¨i
c~‡e© e‡m †mB we‡k‡l¨i †kl A¶‡i †hi cÖ`vb K‡i ev m¤^ÜKvi‡K iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i|
m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q Avevi `yB ai‡Yi, h_v:
1.1 mshy³ ev Attached A_©vr †h mKj Ae¨q Ab¨ k‡ãi m‡½ hy³ K‡i †jLv nq|
ِ Øviv, †Z, G, wbKU, mwnZ
ب َتKmg A‡_©
ِلRb¨, GB Kvi‡Y َوKmg A‡_©
َكb¨vq, gZ
1.2 ¯^Zš¿ ev Separate A_©vr †h mKj Ae¨q Avjv`v kã wnmv‡e wjwLZ nq|
GB Ae¨q¸wj `yB †kªYxi| cÖ_g †kªYxi m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q¸wj `yB A¶i ev wZb A¶i wewkó Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi mgvwß Av‡Q| wØZxq
†kªYxi ¸wj g~jZt wewfbœ ai‡bi we‡kl¨ (Kg©Kvi‡K, GKePb) Ges †m¸wji mgvwß hei ( )ـَـw`‡q nq|
1.2.1 cÖ_g †kªYxi ¯^Zš¿ m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q:
اِلw`‡K, Awfgy‡L َحتّٰىch©šÍ, ZLb Aewa hLb ...... ,
َعلDci, e¨vcv‡i, weiƒ‡× َع ْنnB‡Z, e¨vcv‡i
فg‡a¨, e¨vcvi َلدُ ْنev َلدٰ ىmwnZ, wbKU
ِم ْنGi nB‡Z َم َعmwnZ
ُمن ُْذGes † ُم ْذKvb MZ mgq n‡Z
1.2.2 wØZxq †kªYxi ¯^Zš¿ m¤^Üm~PK Ae¨q t
َا َما َم mvg‡b يَ ْ` َب نyB‡qi g‡a¨, ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ cwi‡ewóZ
ََب ْعد c‡i حَ ْت َتbx‡P
َح ْو َل PZzw`©‡K, †ewóZ K‡i ُد ْو َنe¨ZxZ
َِعنْد wbKU َف ْو َقDc‡i
َق ْب َلc~‡e© َو َرا َءwcQ‡b, c‡i
KziAvbxq Aviwe wkÿv 151
2. wµqv we‡klY
ُ َا ْو َص
†h mKj Ae¨q wµqvi cÖ_‡g e‡m wµqvi KvR KLb, †Kv_vq I wKiƒc n‡e BZ¨vw` cÖ‡kœi DËi †`q Zv‡K wµqv we‡klY ev اف
ِ ِ
ا ْلفع ِلe‡j| wµqv we‡klY¸wj `yB †kªYx‡Z wef³|
2.1 cÖ_g †kªYxi wµqv we‡klY¸wj wewfbœ Drm n‡Z M„nxZ AvswkK mshy³ I AvswkK ¯^Zš¿ |
2.2 wØZxq †kªYxi wµqv we‡klY¸wj Kg©KviKxq we‡kl¨ A_©vr hei ( )ـَـw`‡q mgvß nq Ges wef³‡hvM¨|
َا- wK (cÖkœ A‡_©) َس- fwel¨r Kvj MV‡b wµqvi c~‡e© e‡m
َل- wbðq, Aek¨B
3. ms‡hvRK Ae¨q
†h mKj Ae¨q `yB ev `yB‡qi AwaK kã ev evK¨‡K hy³ K‡i Zv‡K ms‡hvRK Ae¨q ev e‡j| GB Ae¨q¸wj‡K Aviwe e¨vKiYwe`MY
ِ ف الس ِ
e‡j| GB Ae¨q¸wj ¯^Zš¿ I mshy³ DfqB n‡q _v‡K|ط ْ َّ ُح ُر ْو ُ رev ف ا ْل َع ْطف
ُ ُح ُر ْو
3.1 mshy³ ms‡hvRK Ae¨q mg~n
َو Ges ف
َ AZGe, Z‡e, djkÖæwZ‡Z
ِل Av‡`km~PK jvg, mvaviYZt Jussive G e¨envi nq