Intercontinental ballistic missile

 Early development
 The first developed by Nazi Germany in World War II
 The V-1 flying bomb and V-2 rocket, both of which used a simple mechanical
autopilot to keep the missile flying along a pre-chosen route.
 Missile is a self-propelled
precision-guided munition system,
 Conventional guided missiles
Air-to-air missile
Air-to-surface missile
Anti-ballistic missile
Anti-tank guided missile
Surface-to-air missile
Surface-to-surface missile

 Cruise missiles
 Ballistic missiles
- Short Range Ballistic Missile
Range < 1000 Km
- Medium Range Ballistic Missile
Range 1000 – 3000 Km
- Intermediate Range Ballistic
Missile
Range 3000 – 5500 Km
- Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
Range > 5500 Km
- Guided Weapon - Unguided
- Higher atmosphere
4 system components:

Missile guidance
Flight system
Engine
Warhead.
 Around the base of the RV are pressurized spheres
containing propellant for the attitude control and
spin-up rocket engines.
 The light-colored object in front of the primary is
the adaption kit containing the warhead's safing,
arming and fusing circuits.
 The red object in the RV's nose is the inertial
measurement and guidance unit which
continuously calculates the position and motion of
the RV in space in order to trigger warhead
detonation at the optimum point above the ground
over its target.
 Gyroscopes
required to keep track of
pitch, roll, and yaw. Then get the
rate called rate gyros are
normally installed in a missile to
measure the accelerations about
the three mutually perpendicular
missile axes
 Types of Sensors in Missiles
Aneroid barometer
which detects atmospheric
pressure. they detect energy in
the form of electromagnetic
waves or heat sensor and they
can guided to the radio wave of
the radar.
 Outpu
Input Systems
t
 Missile guidance
refers to a variety of methods of guiding a missile or a guided bomb to its
intended target. The missile's target accuracy is a critical factor for its effectiveness.
On the battlefield of today, guided missiles are guided to or acquire their
targets by using:
Radar signal
Wires
Lasers
Most recently GPS
 Self-contained
 Command
 Beam-rider
 Homing
 R-36 (SS-18 Satan)
 The SS-18 Satan is a very capable missile, mainly
because of its high speed and extremely high throw
weight. It can carry up to 10 Multiple independently
targetable reentry vehicle
 up to 40 penetration aids.
 with a blast yield of 0.75-1 MT. This missile has a
range of 11,000 km.
 LRASM technology will reduce
network links, and GPS navigation
in aggressive electronic warfare
environments.

 The routing and guidance

capabilities of LRASM allows it to
safely navigate to the enemy area,
where the weapon can use gross
target cueing data to find and
destroy its pre-determined target in
denied environments.
 https://sketchfab.com/models/
 http://www.brahmos.com/content.php?id=10&sid=9
 http://missilethreat.com/physics-of-ballistic-missiles/
 https://www.facebook.com/gtabrasil.fanpage/videos/434937136696055/
 http://defencyclopedia.com/2014/08/01/explained-how-cruise-missiles-work/
 Video from youtube.com
 Boonyisa Sanaethammasiri
5710545031
 Kamonwan Ketdam 5710545058
 Acceleration commands,
 Attitude commands, etc. depends on the specific application
 For instance, a typical rule of thumb for intercepting a target that
has constant acceleration perpendicular to the LOS is for the missile
to have a 3:1 acceleration advantage over the target.
 The dynamics of the airframe are governed by fundamental
equations of motion, with their specific characteristics determined
by the missile aerodynamic response, propulsion, and mass
properties.
 Actuator converts the desired control command developed by the
autopilot into physical motion, such as rotation of a tail fin, that will
effect the desired missile motion.
 Most actuators are electromechanical, with hydraulic actuators
being an option in certain applications.
 The IMU measures the missile dynamics for feedback to the
autopilot.
 the IMU is composed of accelerometers and gyroscopes to measure
three components of the missile translational acceleration and three
components of missile angular velocity.
 Set of equations that takes as inputs the guidance commands and
the feedback measurements from the IMU and computes the control
command as the output.
 Acceleration Control System

is designed to track commanded acceleration perpendicular to

the missile longitudinal axis.

The control deflection produces a small aerodynamic force on

the tail fin. The induced moment rotates the missile to produce the
AOA, which in turn produces aerodynamic lift to accelerate the
airframe.
 Attitude Control System

can be used to control the attitude of the missile.

In this case, the control effector is the thrust-deflection angle

that is actuated by either a nozzle or jet tabs. The feedback loops have
a structure similar to that used in the acceleration control system
The integration of pitch rate measured by the IMU to pitch
attitude would typically be done via discrete integration in the missile
navigation processing in the flight computer.
 Flight-Path Angle Control System

can be used to track flight-path angle commands using thrust-

vector control. This type of system assumes that aerodynamic forces
are small and hence applies for exoatmospheric flight or for
endoatmospheric flight when the missile speed is low.

The pitch rate is measured by the IMU. The other feedback

quantities are estimated in the missile navigation processing in the
flight computer.
 Preset
 Terrestrial
 Inertial
 Celestial Navigation
Target location and the trajectory of
the missile must follow are
calculated and set into the missile
before it is launched.
 Terrestrial reference
navigation relies on
comparisons of photos or maps
carried in the missile with an
image of the terrain over which
the missile is flying at that
time.
 Similar to preset
 The method of controlling the
flight path is based on the use of
accelerometers which are
mounted on a gyro-stabilized
platform.
Navigation by the stars
The navigator measures the
angular elevation of two or
more known stars or planets,
using a sextant.
 Missile Remote Control by
Radar

 Missiles tracking radar tracks

the missile by track beam and
command link that receive from
computer.
A device in the missile keeps it
centered in the beam.

After the missile is captured (by the

capture beam), it rides the capture
beam for a few seconds. During this
time it gets closer to the scan axis of
the radar beam. Then, capture-
guidance change over takes place.
 Target illumination is
supplied by a component
carried in the missile, such as
a radar transmitter. The radar
signals transmitted from the
missile are reflected off the
target back to the receiver in
the missile.
 In the passive homing
system, the directing
intelligence is received from the
target. Examples of passive
homing include homing on a
source of infrared rays (such as
the hot exhaust of jet aircraft)
or radar signal
 In the semi active
homing system, the missile
gets its target illumination
from an external source,
such as a transmitter
carried in the launching
aircraft.