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Integration Of Cutting-Edge Technology To Understand The Benefits Of Industry 4.0

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Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3

Aims And Objectives.......................................................................................................................4

Aims.............................................................................................................................................4

Objectives....................................................................................................................................5

Research questions.......................................................................................................................5

Literature Review............................................................................................................................5

Methodology....................................................................................................................................5

Research philosophy....................................................................................................................5

Research approach.......................................................................................................................6

Research design...........................................................................................................................7

Data collection.............................................................................................................................8

Data analysis................................................................................................................................9

2. Literature Review......................................................................................................................11

2.1. Industry 4.0:........................................................................................................................11

2.1.1. Components of Industry 4.0:.......................................................................................12

2.1.2. Characteristics of Industry 4.0:....................................................................................13

2.2Cutting-edge Technology:....................................................................................................16

2.2.1. Uses of cutting-edge technology in Contemporary business:......................................16

2.2.2. Benefits and challenges of cutting-edge technology:..................................................17

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reference list...................................................................................................................................20
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Introduction

According to Javaid et al. (2020) Industry 4.0 is the process of digital transformation in which

the manufacturing and production systems of the industry have become highly efficient in value

creation and processing. The term Industry 4.0 is used as an interchangeable term for the fourth

revolution that also represents the new stage in the organisation and control of the industrial

value chain of new technologies which are automotive in nature. Thus, the creation of artificial

intelligence, blockchain technologies and high advanced cloud computing technologies have

become the basis of the industry 4.0 system of revolution (Ghobakhloo 2020). Thus, the creation

of a connected system via the Internet of Things (IoT) technology supports the development of

the industry 4.0 revolutions in the modern economy. In the words of Coşkun, Kayıkcı and

Gençay (2019) it is stated that the vision of the industry 4.0 initiative is to incorporate the core

technologies of digitization into the industries of global economy. However, this process is still

in the initial phases and has limited scope at present. Thus, the technologies being researched in

the industry 4.0 system are being leverages to provide ample data and data sources for enhancing

connectivity along with security in the form of end-to-end encryption. The purpose of end-to-end

encryption is to secure the flow of data and information between two individuals (Jan et al.

2019).

In the words of Martinova and Martinov (2018) as the industry 4.0 is the next level of

organisational control, it is designed to partially transfer the autonomy of processing and

manufacturing to cyber-physical systems and machines leveraging information systems. Zanero

(2017) determines that cyber-physical systems are the capabilities than enable new product

designs and prototype development with remote controlling services. Other than this, cyber-

physical systems enable the monitoring conditions in organisations to proactively maintain track
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of performance in the company. these systems have also found effectiveness in structural health

facilities in systematic monitoring, planning, innovation, agility of results, real time application

and much more. Other capabilities and applications of the industry 4.0 is also identifies in

personalization of operations, real-time alerts and interventions, innovative service modelling,

dynamism in product improvements and creation of new business models. The core technologies

integrated in the industry 4.0 systems are leading the path of “Smart Anything” phenomena that

is attractive attention from the global population in the form of smart telephones as well as

desktop solutions. Other than local solutions, the industry 4.0 system is attracting attention from

industries for Smart Grid technology, Smart Energy and Smart coordination. Other future scopes

are identified in Smart Buildings, Smart Planes and Smart offices.

Thus, the integration in the industry 4.0 systems is the key and is in the form of vertical and

horizontal integration. According to Chukalov (2017) in the vertical integration system, the

automation pyramid in the traditional system is affected starting from the field level to the

production level, operations level, and enterprise planning level. On the other hand, horizontal

integration is different from the vertical view and have an end-to-end value chain which moves

from the supplier to the processor. Information in this system flows for Information technology

(IT) development, and product stage coordination, distribution and ultimately the customer.

The purpose of this research is to systematically investigate the core technology with cutting-

edge mechanism in the industry 4.0 systems and their benefits to business as well as consumers.
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Aims And Objectives

Aims

The aim of the study is to investigate upon the integration of cutting-edge technologies to

evaluate the benefits of Industry 4.0.

Objectives

The objectives of the study are as follows:

● To identify the cutting-edge technologies in the industry 4.0 system

● To investigate the importance of the industry 4.0 technology in the modern digital

business environment

● To evaluate the challenges of the industry 4.0 technologies.

Research questions

● What are the cutting-edge technologies that define the benefits of industry 4.0?

● How are industry 4.0 technologies important in the modern digital business environment?

● What are the challenges faced by industry 4.0 technologies and how can it be reduced?

Literature Review

Methodology

He methodology of this research is designed to follow the research onion approach that will

guide the study through a systematic understanding of the types of data collection and analysis. It

is important to enlist and evaluate the methodology for the research as it will be the evident

upcoming of the original research paper. Therefore, this section of the proposal engages in

discussing critically the appropriate methodological concepts and chosen methodology for the

purpose of researching upon industry 4.0 systems and its benefits.

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Research philosophy

In the words of Žukauskas, Vveinhardt and Andriukaitienė (2018) research philosophy is the vast

section of the research that deals with the data sources, nature of the report and the development

of the knowledge in the dissertation research. It is important to research and discuss upon the

philosophy as it clearly focuses upon the concept of the research and the events which impact the

subject in the research. It is in fact the set procedure and belief of the researcher in the ways in

which the research will be conducted as well as the data and information will be collected and

analysed for the purpose of discussing the conclusions of the research. This philosophy not only

enables the research to engage in knowledge creation but also in the analysis and management of

the knowledge for the research. Therefore, there are four types of research philosophy such as

positivism, pragmatism, realism and interpretivism. Therefore, the choice of the philosophy

depends upon the type of factual knowledge and practical implications applied I the research.

This research will follow the interpretive research philosophy. In the words of Ryan (2018)

interpretivism is a philosophy in research which involves the researcher to critically interpret and

evaluate the data collected in the study to integrate its implication on human interests. Since, this

research will be following a library-based desk research pattern, an interpretative study will

acknowledge the data collected in a subjective analysis. Thus, the interpretative research

philosophy assumes the impact of research on the given as well as socially constructed

philosophies in the research such as language, consciousness, shared meanings, and instruments,

Therefore, the interpretative philosophy in the study of industry 4.0 will be engaged in

investigating its benefits in various social constructs of human use as well as industrial use.
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Research approach

The purpose of a research approach is to distinguish between the relevant approaches in the

study in the form of inductive and deductive approaches. Therefore, this methodological concept

is since data can either be analysed to form new theories or theories can be subjected in the

formation of new results or concepts. As this research is based on a desk collection of data and a

qualitative approach it is basically indicated towards the evaluation of the events and phenomena

in the industry 4.0 system. in fact, as the deductive approach checks and validates the

assumptions in the research hypothesis, inductive approach is engaged in the creation and

contribution to the emergence of a new theory. Therefore, this study will follow the inductive

approach in this study. according to Woiceshyn and Daellenbach (2018) the inductive research

approach initiates with the observation of theory and proceeds towards the end of research

process because of observation. In a similar way, this research will observe the benefits of the

cutting-edge technologies in the industry 4.0 system and induce their applicability in the

consumer market as well as business. as the inductive approach is used to look for information

patterns and observations for the development of observations and theories in the research, this

report will also critically observe and identify the role of various technology in benefitting the

digital revolution brought in by industry 4.0 system. also, no theories and hypothesis are being

tested in this research it will just be moving towards a generalised approach of evaluation of

research aims, objectives and questions in the research paper.

Research design

A research is incomplete without a conceptual design and framework which indicates the

decisions and techniques chosen by the researcher in anticipating the results of the research. The

purpose of the research design is to enable the researcher to enhance the quality of the results in
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the research methods that are most suitable for the subject. The design of the research explains

the type of subject chosen for research as well as the sub-type of the research. Basically, this

research will follow a desk-based review analysis to incorporate the general and basic knowledge

regarding the cutting-edge technologies in the industry 4.0 systems. Therefore, a broader analysis

of the data collection, measurement and data analysis of the research will be followed in the

latter part of the proposal. The selection of the research design is also dependent upon the type of

research problems to be discussed in the study. since, this study is engaged in a critical analysis

with in-dept understanding rather than a numerically measuring the capabilities of the

technology. Therefore, this phase of the study determines the use of the appropriate tools in the

study. An impactful research usually creates a minimum bias in data and increases trust in the

accuracy of collected data. A design that produces the least margin of error in experimental

research is generally considered the desired outcome. Since, the data collected in this research is

neither primary nor for experimental purposes it will simply investigate the role of cutting-edge

technology in the industry 4.0 system.

Data collection

According to Barrett and Twycross (2018) a data collection process is the systematic approach of

gathering and measuring the information from the various sources available. As this research is

totally desk based, it will collect data from online databases only. Data collection enables the

researcher in complimenting and contradicting the theories and hypothesis generated from the

research aims, objectives and questions. Therefore, it is important that the data is collected based

on the research objectives. Thus, relevance and validity of the data will be maintained through

the data collection approach in the study. there is a need of accuracy in the data collection
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methodology of the integrated research approach so that informed business decisions are made as

well as quality is assured. There are basically 2 types of data collection process- primary data

collection and secondary data collection. This research will follow a secondary data collection

for the purpose of collecting qualitative as well as quantitative forms of data in the research. In

the words of Johhson and Sylvia (2018) it is stated that secondary data collection is the process

in which data is indirectly collected from various databases and sources that do not involve direct

participation of human observants. Given the specificity of the information regarding industry

4.0 a direct collection of data from different types of humans will not be possible as the

knowledge of industry 4.0 is very limited to highly professional scientific experts. Also, given

the role of the pandemic securing approaching live participants will take excessive time.

Therefore, various databases such as ScienceDirect, Scopus, ICEEE, JSTOR and Google Scholar

will be used for the purpose of collection of scholarly articles relevant to the research. Since,

there is no case study organisation involved in the research, the paper will be incorporating only

scholarly articles.

Data analysis

Data analysis is defined as a process of cleaning, transforming, and modelling data to discover

useful information for business decision-making. The purpose of Data Analysis is to extract

useful information from data and taking the decision based upon the data analysis (Parmar et al.

2018). As this research will be following a library-based research, it has selected a qualitative

methodology to analyse the research objectives. Qualitative data is often subjective, rich, and

consists of in-depth information normally presented in the form of words. Analysing qualitative

data entails reading many transcripts looking for similarities or differences, and subsequently
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finding themes and developing categories. There are various types of qualitative research

analysis tools such as content analysis, grounded analysis, and thematic analysis. This report will

follow a thematic analysis research for the purpose of analysing the research. Thematic analysis

is a qualitative data analysis method that involves reading through a data set and identifying

patterns in meaning across the data (Terry et al. 2017). Thematic analysis was widely used in the

field of psychology. However, it can also be used in other fields if investigative study also.

Therefore, this research will create 3 themes that will be used to incorporate and align the

objectives of the research.

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2. Literature Review

2.1. Industry 4.0:

Industry 4.0 is defined as a transformation of the entire business, including the production

process, through digitalization and automation (Tay,2018). Industry 4.0 will be accepted by large

worldwide firms that apply continuous improvement concepts and have strong research and

development standards, allowing them to become even more relevant in the industry. Lasi (2014)

suggest that the introduction of self-optimization, self-customization and self-cognition into the

market allows this to happen. Instead of operating computers, manufacturers will be able to

converse with them. With built-in sensing devices in almost all industrial components, products,

and equipment, Industry 4.0 enables the manufacturing sector to become digital. Gilchrist

(2016), states that the ability of analysing related data within a ubiquitous system with the fusion

of digital data and physical objects to transform every industrial sector in the world to evolve

much faster and with greater impact than any of the three previous industrial revolutions, i.e.

Industry 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0, has the potential to transform every industrial sector in the world to

evolve much faster and with greater impact than any of the three previous industrial revolutions,

i.e. Industry 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0. As a result, Industry 4.0 is a current issue that affects today's
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industrial production in general and is intended to modernise it (Kemper, 2014). The fact that

production will become more efficient under Industry 4.0 has sparked interest in this project or

concept and at a lower cost. This is accomplished by the easy transferring of information and the

integrated control of industrial items and machines that act in tandem and intelligently in

interoperability (Hoffmann, 2014).

2.1.1. Components of Industry 4.0:

Three aspects of Industry 4.0 can be identified. Horizontal integration is the initial step. It

introduces the concept of global value chain networks in a fresh light. Vertical integration is the

second method. Bartodziej (2017) states that the goal is to create a manufacturing line with

hierarchical subsystems that is simple to configure and flexible. The final component is

engineering integration throughout the entire value chain, from start to finish, to aid in product

customisation. Horizontal integration is defined as a situation in which a company should

cooperate as well as compete with other companies that share similar qualities to develop an

efficient production system (Hamid, 2018). All these businesses may simply integrate material,

financial control, and knowledge. As a result, new corporate control methods and models may

emerge (Gilchrist, 2016). Vertical integration depicts a factory with a variety of physical and

informational subsystems, such as actuators, production management and sensors, value, and

corporate planning, and so on. Feld (2014) states that vertical integration of sensor and actuator

signals is critical for ensuring high flexibility and ease of configuration of production lines at

various stages of the enterprise resource planning (ERP) level. The extremely intelligent

machines form an automated controlled system that can be automatically adjusted based on the

different sorts of products because of this integration (Ahmad, 2018). The production system is

transparent thanks to the vast volumes of data collected and analysed. Finally, customer need
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expression, product development and design, production services, production engineering,

recycling, production planning, and maintenance are all parts of End-To-End engineering

integration in a chain of activities throughout the product-centric value creation process (Lee,

2018). asserts that every level of end-to-end integration can be reused for the same product

model. By applying a software tool in the chain to ensure that the products are adjustable, the

effects of product design on services and production may be forecasted (Tay, 2018).

2.1.2. Characteristics of Industry 4.0:

The future of global manufacturing is Industry 4.0. The fourth industrial revolution, often known

as Industry 4.0, is the era of automation, the digitalized industry, and digitalized products.

Despite this, experts are still unable to describe the strategy, as Industry 4.0 is the general phrase

for the fourth industrial revolution, as a result it is difficult to discern its components. Nine

characteristics of industry is described below:

Cyber-Physical System (CPS):

Industry 4.0 can be viewed as Cyber-Physical System research, with the Cyber-Physical System

and Industry 4.0 formed by breakthroughs and speed of development in communication and

calculation (Lu, 2017). Sensors are integrated in every physical part of any CPS manufacturing

system to connect physical objects with virtual models. Jiang (2018) states that because Cyber-

Physical Systems (CPS) are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in society and occur during

human interaction, it is critical that CPS behave consistently and have a certain bearing when

combined with artificial intelligence (AI).

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Internet of Things (IoT):

Industry 4.0 is a new term for the current Internet of Things (IoT) technology combined with the

manufacturing industry (Georgios, 2018). The convergence of the Internet of Services and

Internet of Things (IoT) in the industrial process gave rise to Industry 4.0. Kerstin (2018) states

that IoT facilitates object-to-object communication and data sharing by providing advanced

connection of systems, services, and physical things. In numerous industries, IoT can be

achieved through controlling and automating features such as heating, lighting, machining, and

remote monitoring.

Internet of Services:

In the automotive business, the Internet of Services plays an essential role. Data transfers in

information technology activate activities to make daily travel safer, easier, and more enjoyable.

Marcon (2017) states that according to the categories of digitalization services, the Internet of

Services functions as "service vendors" to provide services through the internet. These services

are accessible on demand and can be customised to fit any business model, partner, or service

structure. As communication among consumers can be obtained and accessible through

numerous methods, the providers provide and aggregate the services into extra value services

(Vesely, 2017).

Big Data and Analytics:

Big data analytics is advantageous for predictive manufacturing under Industry 4.0, and it is an

important trend for industrial technology growth due to the rapid development of the Internet

(Akyol, 2016). This results in massive amounts of data being produced and retrieved on a regular

basis, which standard processing and analysis methods are unable to handle. As a result, big data
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has recently been a popular issue in Industry 4.0. Gokalp (2016) asserts that when existing

strategies for handling large data become more sophisticated, many other applications will be

able to acquire additional value. The use of digital technology to undertake analysis is known as

big data.

Augmented Reality:

Augmented Reality (AR) has emerged as one of the most promising industries in which

technological corporations should invest extensively (Sanna, 2018). Because of the reduced time

required for maintenance and the elimination of possible errors in maintenance, this technology

can be a significant help to businesses. It can anticipate with high accuracy, allowing

maintenance frequency to be kept low by applying predictive maintenance to avoid any

unexpected reactive maintenance. This will cut down on the price of performing too much

preventative maintenance (Manuri, 2018).

Autonomous Robots:

Robots today are more flexible, have more complex features, and are easier to operate in a wide

range of fields. In the not-too-distant future, robots will engage with one another and work

collaboratively with humans under the supervision of handlers (Gonzalez, 2017). These robots

will be less expensive and more intelligent than those already in use in the manufacturing sector,

allowing them to perform better.

Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing):

Industry 4.0 encourages the use of modern data technology and smart manufacturing systems. As

a result, additive manufacturing is a critical tool for embracing Industry 4.0 (Haleem, 2019). The

economy's competitiveness requires the implementation of new manufacturing capabilities for

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the aim of integrating information technologies. Javaid (2019) states that cyber technology

advancements have aided the move to Industry 4.0. The trend of employing additive

manufacturing to find novel materials is on the rise. Metallic components and smart materials

can help a material reach certain required properties.

Cloud Computing (CM):

Cloud computing is a new system logic that gives the user with a large amount of storage space.

These resources can be accessed for a modest fee by businesses or individuals (Kim, 2017).

Technology's performance will continue to improve over time, but machine data will continue to

be saved in the cloud storage system, allowing production systems to become more data driven.

Because more data will be shared between sites for production-related endeavours in the

industrial revolution, company limits can be reduced. Many businesses are beginning to consider

cloud computing as part of their data system development.

2.2Cutting-edge Technology:

2.2.1. Uses of cutting-edge technology in Contemporary business:

Cutting-edge technology refers to technical equipment, processes, or accomplishments that make

use of the most recent and advanced IT breakthroughs, in other words, technology at the cutting

edge of knowledge (Keir, 2020). To minimise costs and improve efficiency, petroleum

businesses are utilising digital technologies such as edge analytics for oil and gas equipment

monitoring and management (Carlson, 2020). Cutting-edge approaches based on basic science

discoveries are assisting oil and gas industries in reducing operational costs and increasing

efficiency. There is a fast-growing sector at the cutting edge of innovation as the oil and gas

industry continues to digitise and use technology to advance operational and resource
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proficiency. Social televisions are presently being designed that combine television and social

network functionality. Pohl (2020) states that people can use their televisions to remark on live

events in the same way that they use their laptops and smart phones to access social media sites

like Facebook and Twitter. BPM, AI, RPA, and low code are examples of existing digital

capabilities that can be used in tandem to improve business outcomes. Organizations that excel at

this take an iterative approach, achieving rapid wins with smart platforms that integrate business

technologies and use low code to build, test, and deliver solutions on a continuous basis.

2.2.2. Benefits and challenges of cutting-edge technology:

The best kind of accident prevention is now possible thanks to new technology. Technology that

improves job site efficiency and productivity has been a major focus in the construction industry.

Drones, sensors, and GPS technology are all now capable of tracking worker mobility. Also,

make visual maps. Advancements also offer augmented reality-based 3D safety instruction. We

can provide real-time data collecting for safety reporting and occurrences, as well as replace

personnel in hazardous areas (Boes, 2018). Safety training is becoming more accessible and less

disruptive thanks to technological advancements. Increasing the knowledge of the workers.

Drones have been by far the most significant advancement. The workplace is more visible than it

has ever been. We now have a better understanding of who is doing what, when, and how.

Skanska USA is tracking workers on dangerous job sites with BIM-integrated GPS trackers.

Superintendents can define safety zones with this technology. Using a tablet, notify employees of

spots they must avoid. Once in place, safety zones can send out alerts to workers via wearables.

Alternatively, auditory sirens attached to safety vests can be triggered. Vermeiren (201`8) states

that technology has made working from anywhere much easier, our workforce becomes

increasingly more mobile. Documents and information can be distributed seamlessly, they are
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also more traceable. No longer do we send off tender documentation or quotes and wonder

whether the client received it or not. Digital archives are crucial, particularly when paper is so

unreliable, and expensive.

Large volumes of data can be captured and saved thanks to digital technology. This could be

confidential information about individuals or businesses. It can be quite difficult to keep this

information secure. A single data breach can result in massive volumes of personal information

falling into the hands of thieves, terrorists, commercial rivals, foreign opponents, or other bad

actors. New technology can bring new business prospects, but it can also bring new sources of

competition, which might pose a danger to current enterprises (Velde, 2018). Businesses that rely

on old technology and refuse to change may find themselves pushed out of business. A small

video rental firm, for example, may be forced to close because of competition from innovations

such as online movie streaming services and self-service kiosks that provide movies

conveniently at cheaper pricing.

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