56 4.22 5-1 Dove is the conductor for bundling: Dy = 0.0314 (254 x 12x 10°?) = 0.00957 m Di = VOQITXOA = 0.0619 m 13.86 _ Dosis 2% 1077 x 10? x 377 In. = 0.408 2/km Calculate the inductive reactance in ohms per kilometer of a bundled 60-Hz three-phase line having three ACSR Rail conductors per bundle with 45 cm between conductors of the bundle. The spacing between bundle centers is 9, 9 and 18 m. Solution: Da = VOXTRT = 10m Rast 0.0886 ft = 0.0386 (2.84 x 12x 10?) = 0.0118 m POOTEXUB ROS = 0.1397 m 2x 107? x 10° x377in E* = 0.3348 O/km ora " 0 x RS 4 Chapter 5 Problem Solutions A three-phase transmission line has flat horizontal spacing with 2 m between adjacent conductors. At a certain instant the charge on one of the outside conductors is 60 wC/km, and the charge on the center conductor and on the other outside conductor is —30 1C/km. ‘The radius of each condutor is 0.8 cm. Neglect the effect of the ground and find the voltage drop between the two identically charged conductors at the instant specified. Solutic Ge = 60x 10-* C/km @ = Ge =~ 10"F Ck Vie = 2 (cond —20n2— sont) where ris in meters re = WE (coin$—soin2 — son) where ris in m 10-$ x 60 - exami ~ HSV eesee | 57 5.2 The 60-Hz capacitive reactance to neutral of a solid conductor, which is one conductor of a single-phase line with 5 ft spacing . is 196.1 k®-mi. What value of reactance would be specified in a table listing the capacitive reactance in ohm-miles to neutral of the conductor at I-ft spacing for 25 Hz? What is the cross-sectional area of the conductor in circular mils? Solution: At S-ft spacing, Xe = 2068 x10t n = 196,1000-m1 no = co = 0100670 ft, or 0.0805 in (2 x 0.0805 x 1000)? = 25, 992 cire mils From Eq, (5.12), at 1ft spacing and 25 Hz, 1779 1 LIB « 10°ln ame = 35 Fe x 108 n sapgrG ~ 356,200 mt aS 5.3 Solve Example 5.1 for 50 Hz operation and 10 ft spacing. Solution: 1779x1010 Xe = In sappy + MH = 0.2115 MO-mi 1 i Bo = yz = 4728 xS/mi 60 ~ = Bx 0.107: mi Xy = 3x07 Mo xX, = 2 x 0.0683 MO mi Xe = $(0.1074 +0.0683) MO-mi = 0.2109 MA mi Bo = 4.742 pS/mi 5.4 Using Eq. (5.23), determine the capacitance to neutral (in #F/km) of a three- b phase line with three Cardinal ACSR conductors equilaterally spaced 20 ft apart. What is the charging current of the line (in A/km) at 60 Hz and 100 kV line to line? f Solution: i For Cardinal conductors, ‘ _ ie 1 ar) 2 ye | 2 x 8.85 x 10-1? Cy = REREAD Fim = 9276107 F/m = 9.276% 10°* n/m in RR58 Jog = 2 x 60 0.276 x 10-# x 1003 10° A/km = 0.202 A/km 5.5 A three-phase 60-Hz transmission line has its conductors arranged in a triangu- lar formation so that two of the distances between conductors are 25 ft and the third is 42 ft. The conductors are ACSR Osprey. Determine the capacitance to neutral in microfarads per mile and the capacitive reactance to neutral in ohm- miles. If the line is 150 mi long, find the capacitance to neutral and capacitive reactance of the line. Solution: Osprey diam. = 0.879 in De = VBxBKE = 29.72 Dr x 8.85 x 10-1? = Se Pim in ome = 8301x 10"? F/m 8.301 x 10-* x 1.609 pF /m = 0.01336 uF /mi 10° 6 Xe = ye agg = 0.1985 x 108 2 mi From Table A.3, X; = 0.0981. Interpolation from Table A.4 yields X= 0.0999+0.72(0.1011— 0.0999) = 0.1006. From Table A.4, Xo = 0.1987 x 108 90- mi For 150 miles, Ca = 150 0.01336 = 2.004 uF 5 Xe = UT cot = 125.0 5.6 A three-phase 60-Hz line has flat horizontal spacing. The conductors have an outside diameter of 3.28 cm with 12 m between conductors. Determine the capacitive reactance to neutral in ohm-meters and the capacitive reactance of the line in ohms if its length is 125 mi. Solution: VOXTNR = 15.12m 0.0328/2 = 0.0164 2.862 opin 1512 _ gong aot x10? In oI = 3256 x 10° +m For 125 miles, _ 3256x108 ; 1619. 2 1609 5.7 (a) Derive an equation for the capacitance to neutral in farads per meter of @ single-phase line, taking into account the effect of ground. Use the same nomenclature as in the equation derived for the capacitance of a three-phase eee59 line where the effect of ground is represented by image charges. (0) Using the derived equation, calculate the capacitance to neutral in farads per meter of a single-phase line composed of two solid circular conductors each having a diameter of 0.229 in. The conductors are 10 ft apart and 25 ft above ground. Compare the result with the value obtained by applying Eq. (5.10). Solution: O-% due to charges (a) Due to charges on a, b: Due to image charges: (b) By Eq, (5.10), 2m x 8.85 x 10712 Cn To = 7.996 x 107}? F/m And from part (a) above, x 8.85 x 10-12 i (a) - AB) 5.8 Solve Prob. 5.6 while taking account of the effect of ground. Assume that the conductors are horizontally placed 20 m above ground.60 Solution: mae 2m 12m ne charges ae ® Hy, = Has V4? 4122 m = 41.761 m Hs, = V40?+24?m = 46.648 m 2.862 D. 1, Ai2H23Hs1 = = «10? in - pp Se _ ers’ 1121 10 ALTE «68g dois ~ 3 G0 x 4040 = 3.218 10° 2-m For 125 miles, 3.218 x 108 7 Xe = 125 x 1609.34 te dg 5.9 A 60-Hz three-phase line composed of one ACSR Bluejay conductor per phase has flat horizontal spaicng of 11 m between adjacent conductors. Compare the capacitive reactance in ohm-kilometers per phase of this line with that of a line using a two-conductor bundle of ACSR 26/7 conductors having the same total cross-sectional area of aluminum as the single-conductor line and the 11 m spacing measured between bundles. The spacing between conductors in the bundle is 40 cm. Solution: = VITXTIX® = 1386m Bluejay:r = 1.259% 254/2x 10"? = 0.016 m Xe = 477% 10¢Int986 = 322,650.9.-iam oo1e61 For Dove, 2-conductor bundle, = 0.927 x 2.54/2x 107? = 001177 Dip = ved = VOOITTXUA = 00842 m " eee enniats om Xe = At7x10'In ZESS = 249,440. 5.10 Calculate the capacitive reactance in ohm-kilometers of a bundled 60-Hz three- phase line having three ACSR Rail conductors per bundle with 45 em between conductors of the bundle. The spacing between bundle centers is 9. 9 and 18 m, Solution: Da = VOXORTB = 11.34 m r 1.165 x 2.54/2 x 10"? = 0.0148 m Dio = VOUS KOM? = 0.1482 m 1134 =4n TSE = 208,205 9 Xe 4.77 x 10 ny 7a42 208, km 5.11 Six conductors of ACSR Drake constitute a 60-Hz double-circuit three-phase line arranged as shown in Fig. 5.1. The vertical spacing, however, is 14 ft the longer horizontal distance is 32 ft; and the shorter horizontal distances are 25 ft. Find, (a) the inductance per phase (in H/mi) and the inductive reactance in ©/mi. (b) the capacitive reactance to neutral in ohm-miles and the charging current ‘A/mi per phase and per conductor at 138 kV. Solution: b— 25 ——] © ® =] M4 ft b—— 32 ——4 ® © Mit © el (2) GMR = 0.0373 Drake | | a62 In original positions in the transposition cycle, distance ab = V1 435? = 1443 distance a-b’ = V14? +2857 = 31.75 ft distance a-a' 25? + 28? = 37.54 ft De, Di = YTA4S? x BL TS? = 21.04 Dec = VIF XI = 26.46 Deg = YHOP XA = 2271 D, = |(vousTexarsy vourIKw]* = 11520 rin 227) = 5.500 10-7 Lo= 2x 10-TIn Ey = 5.693 x 10-7 H/m 5.963 x 10-7 x 10° x 1609 = 0.959 mH/mi 377 x 0.959 x 10“ = 0.362 9/mi/phase (0) r = 4298 = 0.0462 ft as in part (a) above, except that r is substituted for D, Dac = [(VODBIXITR)’ VOOR)? = 1.252 6 From part (a) above, Deq = 22.71 ft and su ot 21 Ke = 2968 10-4n 22 = 45,2050 mips to neue ‘ fag = ERODE — 93s a//ptase = 0467 A/mifeondcer Chapter 6 Problem Solutions 6.1 An 18-km 60-He single circuit three-phase line is composed of Partridge conduc- tors equilaterally spaced with 1.6 m between centers. The line delivers 2500 kW at 11 kV to a balanced load. Assume a wire temperature of 50°C. (a) Determine the per-phase series impedance of the line. (>) What must be the sending-end voltage when the power factor is (i) 80% lagging (i) unity (iii) 90% leading? c) Determine the percent regulation of the line at the above power factors. 4) Draw phasor diagrams depicting the operation of the line in each case. Solution: 18 1609 0.465 0/mi R From Table A.3, Xe 0.3792 x 4.2020 a