Journal of Herpetology, Vol 41, No.2, pp. 271-275, 2007, Cr ity SoSeay for the Shoda! Amphibians and Reptiles A New Island Species of Scinax (Anura; Hylidae) from Southeastern Brazil Cina A. BrasiteiRo,’? Hitton M. Oyamacu 13 ND Ceuto F. B. Happap* ‘Museu de Historia Natural, C.P, 6109, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-000 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brasi “Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Sto Paulo, C.P. 11461, 05422-970 Sto Paulo, Sto Paulo, Brasil Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, C.P. 199, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brasil ‘Anstract—A new species of hylid frog, from the genus Scinax, is described from IIha de Porcos Pequena at the southern coast of $30 Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. The new species belongs to the Scinax perpusillus species group and is diagnosed by the following set of characters: moderate-size (males 16.2— 18.8 mm SVL, female 18.8-20.6 mm SVL); canthus rostralis di jinct and well defined; V-shaped depression between nostrils; eyes protruding and prominent, glandular skin surface of legs. This new species is found only on Itha de Porcos Pequena, an island of approxi ately 24 ha and, therefore, is threatened because of restricted range size and susceptibility to habitat modification. Scinax Wagler, 1830, is the second largest genus within Dendropsophini (Faivovich et al., 5005). It ranges from southern Mexico to east- central Argentina, and the majority of the species occurs in tropical and subtropical areas with a high diversification in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil (Faivovich, 2002). The genus Scinax contains 91 recognized species (D. R. Frost, Amphibian Species of the World, version 3.0, available online at http:// research.amnh.org//herpetology /amphibi/ index. php, 2006) arranged into two principal clades: tatharinae and ruber (Faivovich, 2002). The cathar inge clade is composed of the Scinax perpusillus group and the 5. catharinae group, and the ruber Clade is composed of the Scinax ruber group, the Scinax rostratus group, and the Scinax uruguayus group (Faivovich et al., 2005). The S. perpusillus group was first proposed by Peixoto (1987) and includes small species that reproduce exclusively in bromeliads and are distributed in Atlantic tropical coastal forest, ranging from Espirito Santo to Santa Catarina, Brazil. Currently eight species are recognized in the S. perpusillus group: Scinax alcatraz, Scinax atratus, Scinax arduous, Scinax Tittoreus, Scinax melloi, S. perpusillus, Scinax v-signatus (D. R. Frost, Amphibian Species of the World, version 30, available online at http://research.amnh. org/herpetology /amphibi/ index.php, 2006), and Scinax peixotoi (Brasileiro et al., 2007). Two of these species are endemic to Brazilian islands: S. aleatraz ‘occurs in Alcatrazes and S. peixofoi occurs in Queimada Grande Island. Both islands are approximately 35 km from the coast. Speciation in this habitat presumably occurred subsequent to 2 Corresponding Author. E-mail: cinthia_brasileiro® yyahoo.com.br population isolation with sea level changes in the past. Because of their exclusive dependence on the water accumulated in bromelids for repro~ duction, species of Scinax in the perpusillus group can survive and speciate where others species of anurans are not capable of surviving or reprodu- cing, Based on recently collected specimens, we describe a new island species of Scittax, belonging, the S. perpusillus species group from Ilha de Porcos Pequena, off the northern coast of S30 Paulo State, Municipality of Ubatuba, southeast- em Brazil. Marertats aND MeTHoDs All specimens examined are deposited in the following collections: CFBH (C. F. B. Haddad collection, Departamento de Zoologia, Univer- sidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil), EI (E. Izecksohn collection, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Univ sidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro), MZU (Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil), ZUEC (Museu de Historia Natural, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, Brasil), ZUFRJ (Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro), and WCAB (W. Bokerman collection at the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil) We measured the following from 29 speci- mens to the nearest 0.01 mm_ with digital calipers: snout-vent length (SVL), head length (HEL), head width (HW), thigh length (THL), tibia length (TBL), foot length (FL), and hand length (FIL). We also measured eye diameter (ED), tympanum diameter (TD), interorbital distance (OD), eye-nostril distance (END), and internarial distance (IND), using a stereo-272 NEW ISLAND SPECIES IN BRAZIL Fic. 1. Scinax faivovichi, adult male in life from Ilha dde Porcos Pequena, municipio de Ubatuba, S30 Pau- lo, Brazil microscope with a micrometric ocular. All measurements follow Heyer et al. (1994) and Duellman et al. (1997). Webbing formulae follow Savage and Heyer (1967) as modified by Myers and Duellman (1982). Description of shape of the snout was based on the classifica- tion of Cei (1980). All specimens collected were euthanized, fixed in 10% formalin, and trans- ferred to 70% ethanol for permanent curation. To test differences between sexes, we used a t- test to compare mean values of SVL. We carried out statistical analyses using Statistica 6.0, with a significance level of 5%. Scinax faivovichi sp. now ‘igure 1 Holotype-—CFBH11602 an adult male, collect- ed at Ilha de Porcos Pequena (23°25'20.6'S; Taste 1. Descriptive stati 44°51'19.6"'W), Municipality of Ubatuba, Si0 Paulo State, Brazil, on 6 October 2004, by C. A. Brasileiro, H. M. Oyamaguchi, N. L. Hulle, and MTC. Thomeé. Paratopotypes—CFBH_ 11604-11609, 11611 11613, 11615-11617 adult males, collected with the holotype. CFBH 11618-11621 adult males, collected on 29 April 2004 by C. A. Brasileiro, H. M. Oyamaguchi, M. T. Thomé, and E. M. Lucas, CFBH 11603, 11610 and 11614 adult females, collected with the holotype, ZUEC13637~13638 adult males, collected with the holotype. MNR] 40901 adult females, collected with the holo- type. MNRJ 4090240903 adult males, collected with the holotype. MZUSP 135066-135067 adult males, collected with the holotype Diagnosis—A moderate-sized species (males 16.2-18.8 mm SVL, females 18.8-20.6 mm SVL) relative to other species in the S. perpusillus group (Peixoto, 1987; Duellman and Wiens, 1992; Faivovich, 2002). The species is character- ized by (1) snout protruding in lateral view and subacuminate in dorsal view; (2) head longer than wide; (3) tibia + thigh size same or greater than SVL; (4) canthus rostralis distinct and well defined; (5) warty protuberance in the middle of the canthus rostralis; (6) V-shaped depression between the nostrils; (7) eyes protruding and prominent; (8) arms with dark stripes; (9) webbing lacking between toes I and Il; (10) dorsal skin texture slightly rugose; (11) dorsal skin of legs with many glands; (12) in life, dorsum greenish-beige with lightly metallic tones, Description.—The description is based on the collected series of adult males and females Descriptive statistics are presented in Table 1. Body slender, head longer than wide (Fig. 24); ics of morphometric characters (in millimeters) for males and females of Scinax Jfaioovichi. N = number of specimens; i = arithmetic mean; SD standard deviation; snout-vent length (SVL), head length (HEL), head width (HW), thigh length (THL), tibia length (TBL), foot length (FL), hand length (HL); eye diameter (ED), tympanun diameter (TD), interorbital distance (IOD), eye-nostril distance (END), and internasal distance (IND). Males Females (N= 6) 3D) Range: z 3D Range SVL 172 162-180 199 12 186-217 HEL 69 03 6375 77 03 57-71 HW 56 02 51-62 63 oa 57-71 1D 09 oa o7-11 20 ou 17-21 ED 19 02 17-23 21 02 13-27 IoD 39 02 3547 46 05 39-54 END 23 02 20-26 26 02 23.29 IND 18 ol 16-19 20 02 17-21 THL 85 03 78-90 95 08 8-105 TBL 9.1 02 86-99 106 06 96-112 FL 66 03 60-78 05 68-81 HL 45 03 o4 46-56C. A. BRASILEIRO ET AL. Fic. 2. Scinax faivovichi. (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head; ventral views of (C) left hand and (D) foot. internarial distance smaller than eye-nostril distance and eye diameter; eye diameter smaller than eye-nostril distance; snout sharply pro- truding in lateral view and acuminate in dorsal view (Fig. 2B); nostrils protuberant; canthus rostralis well defined; loreal region concave; eyes protruding and prominent; tympanum. distinct, circular; tympanum diameter approxi- mately half of the eye diameter; weak supra- tympanic fold from tympanic region to shoul- der; discrete subgular vocal sac; the round and large tongue; vomerine teeth in two patches between choanae; choanae medium-size, ellip: tical. Arms slender; forearms slightly robust, hands larger then forearms; outer metacarpal tubercule cordiform; inner metacarpal tubercule elliptical; subarticular tubercules rounded, sin- gle; fingers without webbing; finger lengths I < I< IV < Ill Fig. 2 C). Tibia longer than thigh; sum of thigh and tibia same than SVL; feet with round inner metatarsal tubercule; divided outer metatarsal tubercule; subarticular tubercules rounded, single; toe lengths I < Il < V < Ill < IV Fig. 2 D); foot webbing formula Il 2° 3 * IIL 2~3°1V3* -2 V (Fig. 2D). Dorsal and ventral skin texture slightly rugose. Comparison with other species—Scinax faivovi- chi differs from all species of the perpusillus 273 group by possessing head longer than wide (wider than long in the other species), the V- shaped depression between nostrils (absent in the other species), and the brown undersurface of tarsus and foot (not brown in the other species). From S. alcatraz, S. faivovichi differs by its smaller size (S. alcatraz males: 19.7-24.4 mm. SVL; females 27.0-29.8 mm SVL), more pro- truding snout, more triangular head, more prominent eyes, canthus rostralis more evident and defined, loreal region concave (not concave in S. aleatraz), arms with dark stripes, and dorsum more ornamented. Scinax faivovichi can be differentiated from S. arduous by its smaller , less prominent eyes, more protruding, snout (in ventral and dorsal views), head longer than wide, and less rugose dorsal skin texture. Scinax faivovichi can be distinguished from S. atratus by its more slender body, more promi- nent eyes, canthus rostralis more evident and defined, less rugose dorsal skin texture, arms and forearms with dark stripes, and gular region with dark spots. Scinax faivovichi differs from S. littoreous by its smaller size; canthus rostralis more evident and defined, dorsal skin texture more rugose, finger disks more de- veloped, loreal region more curved, venter with a few dark spots (in S. littoreous it is white), arms and forearms with dark stripes, and more omamented dorsum pattern. From §. niclloi, S. Jaivovichi differs by its larger size (S. melloi males: 15.9-17.00 mm SVL N = 10; pers. obs.), more rugose dorsal skin, inner metacarpal tubercle less keratinized, snout more protrud- ing, more prominent eyes, and larger head. Scinax faivovichi differs from S. perpusillus by its more slender body shape, more protruding snout, and smoother dorsal skin. Scinax faivo- vicki differs from S. peixotoi by its more slender body, more prominent eyes, snout more pro- truding, canthus rostralis more evident, brown- ish dorsum color (silvery in S. peixotoi), more prominent eyes, and canthus rostralis more evident. S. faivovichi differs from S. v-signatus by its smaller size, head smaller and narrower, canthus rostralis more evident, smoother dorsal skin texture, and no evident V-shaped dark mark on dorsum. Color in life—Dorsum greenish-beige with metallic tones; interorbital dark brown bar; dark brown line on the canthus rostralis, upper eyelids, and supratympanic fold; wide bright vertebral stripe; one or two brown bars origi- nating, at edge of each eye and running poster- iorly until near the inguinal regional; hidden portion of shanks with irregular yellow flash color spots; iris golden with a horizontal black bar. Color in preserontive—Dorsum varies from light cream to brown. Interorbital bar and274 Ni vertebral stripe are variable; in some individu- als they are not evident and in others very dark, Likewise, the thicknesses of the canthus rostra- lis line and of the dorsolateral stripes are also variable. Bars on dorsum of arms vary in number and brown color intensity. Stripes on thighs, from inguinal region to knee, varying in intensity and position. Throat has dark spots, sometimes aggregated to form patches. Under- surfaces of arms, hands, fingers, and thighs are white, with very few spots; undersurfaces of tibiae, feet, and toes are brown. ‘Measurements of the holotype (mm)—SVL 16.8, HEL 7.1, HW 57, TD 08, ED 2,0, 1OD 42, END 24, IND 18, THL 83, TBL 8.9, FL 6.7, and HL 45 Sexual dimorphism—Females lack vocal sac and vocal slits. Generally, the dorsum color of females is darker than that of males. Females were larger than males (t = 7.97, df =24, P< 0.01), Natural history and conservation —We visited Ilha de Porcos Pequena three times during the period of 2004-05; visits occurred during the months of April, October, and December. We observed calling activity of the new species in all months; however, in April few males were calling. Males are nocturnal, calling from bromeliad leaves. Generally, they call with the body vertical and heads pointing up. Females were also found on bromeliad leaves. The species is abundant on the island, especially on rainy and hot nights. We observed tadpoles in bromeliad axils during October and Decem- ber, suggesting that breeding season is co- incident with early summer rains in Septem- ber/October. Given its extremely restricted range and habitat specificity, we propose that S. faivovichi is susceptible to extinction because of habitat modification or disturbance. Currently, the species is abundant on the island where they can be found at high densities. Nonetheless, this species is restricted to the Tha de Porcos Pequena, a privately-owned island still covered by native preserved Atlantic Forest. However, this island does not have any legal conservation status under federal laws. Therefore, it is urgent to alter its conservation category. Considering, its small distribution and the absence of any enforcement, S. faivovichi should be in the category the IUCN Red List of Threatened Animais (IUCN, available online at http:// www.redlist.org, 2006). Geographic distribution —Scinax faivovichi is known only from Ilha de Porcos Pequena (23°25'21"S; 44°51'20°W), a 24-ha island approx- imately 0.74 km from the northern coast of Sao Paulo Sate, Brazil ISLAND SPECIES IN BRAZIL rymology.—The specific name honors J. Paivovich for his contribution to the systematic of hylids and particularly of the genus Scinax. Acknowledgments—We thank Instituto de Biociéncias at the Universidade de Sao Paulo, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar-Picinguaba, and Instituto de Biologia da Conservacao for logistical support; FAPESP (00/12339-2, O1/ 1341-3, 04/10199-2), National Science Founda- tion, Fundagao © Boticério para Protegio da Natureza, and Idea Wild for financial support, and IBAMA for collecting permits (02027. 021071 /03-24). N. L. Hulle, E, M. Lucas, M. T. C. Thomé, and K. R. Zamudio assisted with fieldwork. V. Bonelli and L. R. S. Pinto permitted to visit the island. We thank J. Somera for the line drawings, and H. Zaher (MZUSP) and O. L. Peixoto (El- URR) for facilitating, examination of Scinax perpusillus species group under their care. K. R. Zamudio commented fon earlier drafts of the manuscript; G. R. Smith and one anonymous reviewer provided helpful suggestions. CAB acknowledges FA- PESP (03/06014-1) for postdoctoral fellowships, and HMO acknowledges CNPq for graduate funding. CFBH thanks CNPq for the research fellowship. Lirerature Crrep Baasiteino, C. A.,C. F. B. Happan, R. J. SaWAvA, AND M. Marnins. 2007. A new and threatened species of Scinax (Anura; Hylidae) from Queimada Grande Island, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 1391:47-55. uu, J. M. 1980, Amphibians of Argentina. Monitore Zoologico Italiano (NS) Monografia 2:1-609. Dur.uman, W. E,, anp J. J. Wiens. 1992. 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Measuring. and monitoring biological diversity: standard methods for amphibians. Smithisonian Institution, Wash- ington, DC.C. A. BRASILEIRO ET AL Myers, C. W.,, aNo W. E. DuELiMan. 1982. A new species of Hyla from Cerro Colorado, and other tree frog, records and geographical notes from western Panama. American Museum Novitates 2752:1-32, . L. 1987. Caracterizagao do grupo “perpu f revalidagio da posicao taxondmica de Ololygon perpusilla perpusilla e Ololygon perpuslla signata (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Arquivos da sillus Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro 1037-49, Savace, J. M., aNb W. R. Hever. 1967. Variation and distribution in tree-frog genus Phyllomedusa in Costa Rica, Central America. Beitrage zur Neotro: pischen Fauna 5:111-131 Accepted: 19 January 2007. APPENDIX 1 Additional Specimens Examined Scinax aleatraz (topotypes): CFBH 10457-10463; Scinax arduous (topotypes): El (two individuals); Scinay atratus: (topotypes): El (WCAB 49641); Scinax littoreous (topotypes): EL 7570/71; Scinax melloi (topo- types): MZUSP 110639, 110648, 110664, 110666 (Ter- es6polis, RJ, Brazil), MZUSP 105826, 105829, 105835, 105846 (Serra dos Orgaos, RJ, Brazil), EI 6945, 6948 Scinax peixotoi (holotype and paratotypes): CFBH 9437-9440 (Queimada Grande, SP, Brazil); Scinax perpusillus (topotype): CFBH 1465, WCAB 12859; Scinax v-signatus (topotypes): MZUSP 105921, 105926, 105954, 105959, 76492 (Serra dos Orgaos, RJ, Brazil).