~ HYDROCARBON ~ PROCESSING Le Seria nancy ania IZATION of the: al ‘and gas industrypee Bie AN isetie letel-ra thy) | Sxl /lneyecelecssinlensHYDROCARBON PROCESSING CE ees oe ‘SPECIAL FOCUS: CLEAN FUELS DEPARTMENTS 25. Converting a petroleum diesel refinery for renewable diesel rosy Perspectives chan Construction Reducing acid consumption: Maximizing sulturc acid rds Mebics alkylation unit profitability LRePeteson 0, Rare and .Eving | Leveraging digital technologies to create the smart renewable diesel facility Carles Ptveties de jobal Project Data 27 Meeting the Tier 3 challenge with ulra-clean alkylate Erith and M. Mukherjee 41 A solution to the IMO 2020 MARPOL Annex VI requirement COLUMNS: Bussmann 7 tora Comment Renewable diese The latest buzzword in the downstream sector Che ak og econ Woe Peston Meco end Seni 17 oabiity ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION Tay aml fats 5) Madular construction: Always considered, now COVIO-necessary © Challenges and pifls in brownfield EPC projects Pot . 7 Retrofit: A viable alternative to greenfield construction ely ener et Se bes PROCESS ENGINEERING WEB EXCLUSIVE 59 Design considerations when flaring ethylene oxide — BAe Sunes PROCESS OPTIMIZATION cove age: 61 Determining the ind Chaudhuri and van Rit PROCESS CONTROL, INSTRUMENTATION AND AUTOMATION 65. Take control of tank pressure 1D Macedonia WATER MANAGEMENT 69. TOTAL refineries improve overhead systems corrosion and salting with amine-neutralzing technology CA Brun C Majore JP Theret Sauche, A Pthuaud and C Coss MAINTENANCE AND RELIABILITY Improve the reliability of @ CO, compressor ina urea synthesis/granulation plant ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY 51 Alarm management: A pillar of process safety management, CG MorenoIndustry Perspectives Two events to honor the industry’s people and technologies Inthesecond hal of 2021, Hydrocarbon Procesingis hosting toro events to showcase the lading technologies and people inthe refining, petrochemicals and gas processing/LNG in- dustries: The International Refining and Petrochemical Con- ference (IRPC) and the HP Awards A “ell for abstracts” has opened forboth events. OPERATIONS IRPC Operations, Built onthe essence oftopicsin the pages of Hydrocarbon Prcezing, IRPC Operations wil highlight the latest equipment, services, tools and technologies to optimize refining and petrochemical operations and maintenance ef- forts for a safe, more efficent, more profitable and sustainable work envionment. The global, virtual event, to be held September 21-22, wil focus on several categories that address the challenges in y- rocarbon processing operations. These categories inclide emerging processing technologies, catalysts technologies; en- gineering/ construction best practices integration techniques maintenance and reliability; digital transformation; circular sconomy; process controls instrumentation and automation; .n fuels, biofuels and alternative fuels production; sustain ability and more. ‘The IRPC Operations “call for abstracts” isunderway. To sub- sit an abstract, vist wwe HydrocarbonProcessing.com/events. HYDROCARBON | PROCESSING: 2021 AWARDS LHP Awards. Over the past several years, Hydrocarbon Process inghashonored the latest technologiesand people that advance the industry in numerous ways. The 2021 HP Awards wil be held on October 28 and will honor the downstream energy sector’ leading technology innovations, a¢ well as outstanding personal contributions to the industry. ‘The awards ceremony will recognize leading technologies in the areas of process optimization, automation, catalysts, Aigitalzation, safety flow control, instrumentation, engineer- ing, sustainability and much more. ‘The event will gsin feature special People/ Company categories such as EPC of the year, licensor ofthe year, executive ofthe year, most promising engi- reer and lifetime achievement. “The abstract submission period is open. To submit an ab- stract and/or to find more information on the event and spon- sorships visit wu: HydrocarbonProcessing/events. FP 4 Apa 202 | yrocrvonPrcesingccm Hen me 77252-2600, U5 Prone yaz-430 Foes) s2oaas3. Eton hprcrbnProcesincom HYDROCARBO! PROCESSING’ PUBLISHER caer Wahine EDITOR-N-CHIEF/_ le ets ‘ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER EDITORIAL Managing ator thieves Dag Eater Sephone Ets ‘etic Eitor Suet Shara Faisbity/endomert Etor Hee ack Contig eat ‘tet ecton Contig Etter ‘AR nr Group tng Etor nary Stone MAGAZINE PRODUCTION / #1 (712) 525-46: ce Presion, Production Ste toe UMSnager awestng Pragucton her wis anager etal reason ‘ge athe rch Assan Warape Era Production tsa Decca Grape Design| Walsham better Du Newer [ADVERTISING SALES Se Sle cen pape 29 {CIRCULATION / +1 (718) 520-4498 / Creation @Gatenergyntocom reer Crealaton Sine nce SUBSCRIPTIONS Subcigton pe (nea both pet and dis vrion): One year $289, two yeas S67, ve ours S97. al at outer merc SS a Tora aeor Sea copes $38, roa Fytrocaove Process Fl Data Aces suse pln pce at 51995 ‘Ma plon pros fl aces oa wlmatn snd ia Phaocroon csc he Sher tne «pet arse versa tte magne a mob 2 fa Scan al pie ates cra and areas anos a Because Hyerocaron Processing ee seca fob fetes ao fool wing apo’ bashes, sacra fcc to thos Segeedensrbon perigee an ay Cony carbon Processing ndoted by Aphid Scance §Tecnoiogy Inde Charest Astras ey Enprerig fxn Metin coes alae ron Gorey Main eration A Aso Mien. The fl tent eres Preesigis dio waluien sebonc wins! be Bess Prabal re DISTRIBUTION OF ARTICLES. Fibene aries eater ston a POF frat or as rotessonay| ‘als bet Pon yu ean cstomce wth copay yo end contac nometon For mor infermaton, contact J aletha with Foster Printing at Mossberg & Ca at (800) 428-3340 x 149 or aethasmesbergcocon, tocarbon Processing (SSN OO 690) pubes month by Gu Ere bormetion 2 Geer Pir Sta 029 Hosen Fes TR Perel pot ‘on pd. Houron ese. ation mating oon POSTHRSTER Sard ess changes Rycarbon Pesan PO 8 2608 Maton Teas 7252 Copyht © 202by Gut rag formation A igh reseed, Pesmision rl byte coy oer oars ar ter regret tn the Conve etree Cott (0) oma anv arts hee er Uheboe eet 93 per coy ps foge Fame shous be sont rey fa he COL, rays St, Salen, Mae O17 Copying ror tn pro or pane bah res sh sasend eee SSN SEOIE Gulf Energy® @BPA Pressn/ce0 Jere eo ious Mice Preset upsveam angiuseam Any cdonet VicePrestentProicton Sse” Ves Pest Bownsteom Piston yen Mabe 035755 Pinas sa ‘Wort Or, Poetne & Gas oun sc Urderground ConactonTHIOLEX" Achieve your total sulfur specs with proven designs to meet any budget. Efficiently and effectively remove RSH, H.S, CO, and COS while reducing CAPEX/OPEX and space requirements. Less has never meant more. The experts in sulfur reduction, _ | removal and spent caustic reuse. 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PR GRACE Talent | Technology | Trust™Editorial Comment Clean fuels: Maximizing production LEE NICHOLS, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF /ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER LeeNichols@HydrocarbonProcessing.com without forsaking profitability Over the past several decades, the hydrocarbon processing industry has in vested heavily in new processing units to produce low-sulfur and uit low-sulfur {(ULS) transportation fuels, This increase in ‘dean ful” production focuses on mit ‘gating pollutants from vehicle exhaust In the past 30 y, the global refining in dustry has invested bundzed of bilions of dollars to reduce the amount of sulfur in gasoline jt uc desl et. present mil Hons of tons per yar of additional second- ary unt capacity is underdevelopment. ‘Acconding to OPEC's World Oil Out look 2020, secondary nit capacity (con version, desulfurization and octane) is forecast to increase. approximately 10 MMbpa by 2026, More than half ofthis total will be for new desulfurization ca pacity (Fi. 1). Most new desulfriza tion capacity will be builin Asia and the Middle East, which account for nesely 4 MMbpd of new deslfarzation capacity ‘within the forecast period The stark increase im new desulfiriza tion capacity i due to new stringent lean fuels regulations being adopted by nations around the word Renewables and biofuels. Organiza tions around the world are also investing inincreasng biofuelsblending andin new ‘at 7 a production capacity for alternative fuels and renewable fuels. These are emerging, tends in several regions/countees For example, many countries are man: dating the increase in biofuels blending with conventional fuels. These programs rot only provide a method of reducing emissions, but also enable many countries tomitigate costly crude ollimports Finally, a major trend in new clean fuels production is the increase in new renewable fuels plants being built. For cxample, several retrofit projects and aw renewable diesel plants are being builtin the US. to increase the production of re rnewable diese Analysis and discussion. Due to the stark increase in new government regula tions to curb emissions, this issue is dedi cated to showcasing several technologies that will help advance the production of renewable diesel, helping the marine in- dustry comply with strict marine fuels regulations, adhering to new ULS fuels, production initiatives and using digi- tal technologies to create smart renew able facilites. These technologies are a glimpse at the many processes available {to maximize the production of clean fu. cls and optimize operations without for saking profitability. FP a5 me as Global dessfrzation capacity growth, 2020-2025 (Mbnc, Source: OPEC. INSIDE THIS ISSUE 19 Brccutive Viewpoints. ‘Thorbjoemn Fors, Siemens Enorgy, discuss the decarbonization ofthe oil and gas industry and the technologies that are helping companios moot thoir sustainability goals, while Lise Graham, Seea, provides her views on navigating risks dnd loading in tines of uncertainty 24 Clean Fuels “This month's Special Focus details several technologies tnat can be used to produce renewable diesel, ‘adhere to Ter 3 and IMO marine fuel regulations and mavimize aliylation unit profitability BL Ensincering ana Construction Although moduler construction i not anew concept, it may become @ ecessty due to the global pandomic Considering the importance of operstor safety and social distancing during COVID-9, five key advantages of medular construction are discussed to onsure a safo and successful project GQ Weer Management ‘Weak organic amines are commonly used in rude unt overhead systems to prevent acc carosion from chlorides and other acc contaminants via a neutralization reaction. Tis artcie examina the use of apropretory amine-newwalizing technology implemented in wo of TOTAL’ European refineries. QT Sates acest Irnplementation of alarm management isa fundamental part in process safety management, This article details how concepts, stages, incleators, ete. of alarm management ‘are compatible withthe main elements ‘of proces safety management. ycrcaton Pecesng | APRIL 2021.7FP | Construction Ce eee eee See cay tracking nearly 1,300 active downstream projects around the Re een ue en ee DU Renee are eae ccd and contracts that have been announced over the past two Ce CC regional demand for finished hydrocarbon products. Eee een ay a. Photo courtesy of LindeLeeNichols@HydrocarbonProcessing com AFRICA Sprea Misr has awarded Nuberg EPC an engincering, procurement and constraction (EPC) contract for a $00 {pa sulfuric acd plant in Ramadan City, Egypt. The plant will also incorporate & S-MW turbine witha steam-based power generation plant. The sulfuric acid pro dluced wil be used to produce ammonia and ure forthe agriculture industry ASIA-PACIFIC Numaligach Refinery Ltd. (NR) has selected Axens to supply advanced technologies for the Numaligarh Refinery Expansion project. Located in Golaghat, ‘Assam, laa, NRL is expanding the re finery by 6 MMipy to 9 MMipy. The ex pansion wll enable NRL to produce fvels that adhere to India’ strict Bharat tage-6 (85.6) fuel standard. Axens wil license technologies for the naphtha hydeotreat ing uni, continuous catalytic reforming unt, Cs-C, isomerization unit and the fiuid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline selective desulfurization unit NRL also awarded Lammas Tech- nology a contract to supply its Index FCC technology forthe refinery. Accord ing to Lammas, the Indmax FCC unit vwill process 196 MMtpy of mixed hy- drotreated VGO fed with the flexibility to operate in gasline mode, aswell sin maximum peopylene prodiction mode ‘This contract isin addition to an easier announced technology licensing award ‘by NRL to Chevron Lammus Global, 2)JV between Chevron and Lunmus Chevron Lammus Global wll provide ts LC-FINING technology forthe refiner. Refining NZ has made significant progress im a study to convert the Mars- den Point refinery in New Zealand to an import terminal. Due to inereased competition from modern Asian refin eres, coupled with a collapse in refined product demand from COVID-19, Re. fining NZ plans to invest approximately $145 MM to convert the refinery into an import terminal LEE NICHOLS, EDITOR/ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER Honeywell UOP will provide sew cen licensed technologies to Shandong. Yalong Petrochemical Co. Ltd's inte- grated petrochemicals complex in Longke (04, Shandong Province, China, These platforming and aromatics technologies ‘wll enable Shandong Yalong to produce 3 MMipy of mixed aromatics. Indian Oil Corp's (1OC's) subsidiary, ‘Chennai Petroleum Corp. Ltd,, has ce- ceived approval to build a9-MMtpy refi cry in Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India ‘The $4-B refinery, which willtake approx imately 4 yrto build from final investment approval, will produce gasoline and diesel that adhere to India's BS-6 fuel standard, ‘Toyo Engineering Corp. and Velocys have signed a collaboration agreement to produce sustainable ot fel and other. newable fuels in Jpan. ‘The agreement follows the successful launch of the JV's biomass-to et uel demonstration plat in Japan. The latest agreement iin hopes of Taunching a commercal-sale biomass jet fel plant inthe country TOC has started construction on a new $132.7-MM catalytic dewaxing unit at its Hilda refinery in Haldia, India. The unit, ‘which will use Chevron Lummus Global’ ISODEWAXING and ISOFINISHING technologies, willincrease the refinerysabil- to produce lubricant base oils. The proj ectisscheduled tobe completed in late 2022. In late January, LyondellBasell and Sinopec finalized 2 JV to prodace pro pylene oxide (PO) and styrene monomer (GM). The JV, which will operate under the name Ningbo ZRCC LyondellBs- sell New Material Co, Ltd, will build 3 275,000. PO plant and 2 600,000.97 SM plant in Zheahat Ningbo, China. The products produced willbe wed forthe do ‘mesic market EUROPE ‘Sibur announced in mid-February thatthe $10-B Amur Gas Chemical com Construction plex will be operational by mid-2024, ‘ix months shead of schedule. The com plex will produce 2.3 MMtpy of polyeth- ylene (PE) and 400,000 tp of poypro- pylene (PP). ORLEN awarded DuPont Clean ‘Technologies a licensing, engineering and technical services contract for an al: kylation and spentacid regeneration units at the Maeikiai refinery in Mateikiai, Lithuania, The two units will increase the refinery’s complexity and lexbiity. Both ‘units are expected to startup in 2025, OMV is expanding and moderniz- ing its cracker and petrochemical units at the Burghausen refinery in Germany. ‘The projects, which are scheduled to be ‘completed in 3Q. 2022, will help OMY. increase ethylene and propylene produc- tion by $0,000 tpy. KazMunayGas awarded a frontend engincering and design (FEED) contract to JGC ora planned gs separation plant. ‘The 957-MM°d facity will be bul in Kavakhstan and provide ethane feedstock to. Kazakhstan Petrochemical Indas- ties Ines (KPIS) Atyrau gas chemical complex. The Atyrau complex will se the ethane asa feedstock fora planned 1.25-MMépy PE plant Atpresent, KPIs ‘uiking a $2.68, 500,000-spy PP plant at the site, which will be completed by the end of this yeat. The ste’ second phase includes the construction of he PE unt In bate Janaary, Russia's Sberbank ap- proved more than $3.6 B in additional financing for Novatek’s Arctic LNG 2 project. The $21-B, 20-MMtpy project is scheduled to begin operations in 2023 and reach fll operations in 2026 ‘Teenimont SpA and KT-Kinetics ‘Technology SpA, subsidiaries of Maire ‘Tecnimont, were avarded two EPC con tracts for SOCAR's Heydar Aliyev refin- ‘ery modernization project in Azerbaijan According to Maire Tecnimont’s press ytrcabon Processing | APRIL 2021. 9BORSIG PROCESS AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY Emission control le. g. VRUs} for terminals, refinieries and marine loading www.borsig.de TO ape 202 | HyeroetorProcesing com Lug) Construction release, the scope of the frst contract in- cludes the installation of an ECC gaso- line hydrotreating unit, while the other pertains to the installation of an LPG ‘mercaptan oxidation unit and an amine treatment and LPG pretreatment unit ‘These projects will enable the refinery to produce Euro-$ gasoline. In early February, Lukoil commis- sioned a $135-MM deasphalting plant at its Volgograd refinery in Russia. The ‘new plant will enable the refinery to pro: luce high-quality basestocks and is part of a wider $2.33-B program to modem- iae the refinery. Lukoil also plans to commission an isomerization unit and delayed coking tnt at its L7-MMtpy Kstovo refinery the Niahny Novgorod region by 2022. Jirzakh Petroleum let = technology licensing contract to Versalis, the chem cal subsidiary of Eni, for a $2.8-8 grass- roots methanol to-olefins (MITO) gusto chemicals complex. Versalis wil provide licensing. technology for a lowedensity PE (LDPE) plant-ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) swing unit athe fact being ble in the Bukhara region of southwestern Unbekistan. The MTO gs-to-chemicals complex wll process 1.5 Bm of domes Cally sourced natural gas into 500,000 tpy ofhigh-qualitypolymers including LDPE, EVA, polyethylene terephthalate and PP. Once competed, the comple wil help Urbekistn monetize domestic natural gas resources and mitigate costly imports LATIN AMERICA NextChem, 2 subsidiary of Maire ‘Teenimont, and Essential Energy USA. Corp. have engaged in a FEED contract and Memorandum of Understanding for fa renewable diesel plant in South Amer ca, The 200,000-tpy facility will convert natural oil, waste vegetables oils and tal: low into high-quality renewable diese. ‘NextChem willbe the exclusive EPC con- tractor on the project, which is scheduled. tobe completed in 2023, MIDDLE EAST Qatar Petroleum has awarded a con teat forthe ist phase ofits nealy 29-8 North Field expansion project. The com teat, awarded to Chiyoda and Technip, will enable Qatar to increase LNG pro: duction fom 77 MMtpy to 10 MMtpy by 2026. Te projets second phase will allow Qatar fo increase LNG production Capacity t 126 MiMtpyby 2027 us. PIT Global Chemical America an- nounced it is secking a partner for its S10-B ethane cracker project in Ohio. ‘The company plans on making a fina n- vvestment decision (FID) in 2021 on the capitantensive project. boul the proj- cect will produce 1.5 MMtpy of ethylene. Operations are scheduled to begin 4 yr-6 yrafteran FID is taken. CVR Energy is moving into the next phase ofits alkylation project at its refi ‘ery in Wynnewood, Oklahoma. CVREn- ‘ergy awarded KBR a contract to revamp the refinery’s existing hydrofluoric acid alkylation unit. KBR will provide detailed engineering of the process equipment, proprietary equipment supplies and mod ‘le fabrication. The projects completion date is scheduled fr late 2024. Shintech plans to increase polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and vinyl chloride mono- ‘mer (VCM) prodtion capacity with the construction of a grassoots, integrated plant in Plaguemine, Louisiana. The $125-8 plant wl produce 390,000 tpy of PVC and 380,000 py of VCM. The plant is scheduled to begin operations by 2024 Diamond Green Diesel, JV between Darling and Valero, has received approv- al from both companies’ boards of cirec- tors to build a new renewable diese fcil- ity, The $1.48-B plant will be located at Valero’s Port Arthur, Texas refinery. Once completed in 2H 2023, the plan will pro- duce 470 MMgpy of renewable diesel. ‘Venture Global announced plans to Dud a second LNG export terminal ad> jacent to its Caleasieu Pass LNG terminal now under construction, The 20-MMtpy CP2 LNG plant will consist of 18 lique- ‘action trains and be built in two phases. Phase 1 will include the construction of nine liquefzction trains, swells the eon- struction of feedstock pipelines and com- pressor stations. Phase 1 construction, Aactvities—subject to regulatory approv- als—are scheduled to begin in 2Q 2023, with operations to begin in 22025, Full, completion of Phase 1 activites i sched- ‘led for mid-2026. KPeben kee ce Coe) eee eto ee ene WORLD STANDARD COMPRESSORS aryMIKE RHODES, MANAGING EDITOR Mike Rhodes@HydrocarbonProcessing.com nin relive tthe ther regions cue to arse feta cutanes a5 tere {ald tomperatres caused part and como refinery setdowrs. Retry Taphfa. jevhero ond gut fet segment. Asan proce! markets Sernened sty, rented by prod suly suption cased by tnerpected refinery ages withe ar ets he regen [An expanded version of Industry Metrics can be found online at HydrocarbonProcessing.com, US. gas production (Bft*d) and prices (USS/Mft*) DURST RDTTNT RTL ASONDI TRANS ASONTLT ‘an Selected world oll prices, US, $/bbI FEW TAS OUD TEAMS AS OBOE a” ia a Brent dated vs. sour grades (Urals and Dubai) spread, 2020-2021 1" EEE Hy a, TRRtit sae g382 PPRRER ESE Worl liquid fuel supply and demand, MMbpd Industry Metrics Global refining margins, 2020-2021 ery a eit agpegaas US. Gulf cracking spread vs. WTI, 2020-2021 Se Titer Thea ai Peepers eapbibggag Rotterdam cracking spread vs. Brent 2020-2021 eee e se gas x, Sian hu mp as cons ee eR REE eee heegeriae Teens = a Singapore cracking spread vs. Dubai, 2020-2021 a = Be ‘Sco ee ea_aial Riba wea a sane nu ep oan Taal aT 12 Apri. 20 | trecaowreesingcam Pe u f eee aaa a 2282 R RRR 52452 Motel published permission ofthe GPEC Secretar coriht 2021 alright reserved} OPEC Mery OF Mare Repo, Meh 202)SINOPEC TECH WIN-WIN COOPERATION WITH PARTNERS © STRATEGIC ALLIANCE Sillone SINOPEC sewmccropestoch.comLEE NICHOLS, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF/ ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER LeeNichols@HydrocarbonProcessing com Global Project Data According to Gulf Energy Information’ Global Energy Infastruc- half ofthese projects are inthe Asia-Pacific region primariyin nd. ture databace, new capital projec investments have increased each When compared to 102020, nem project announcements through ‘month since November 2020. Over the past month the Bexscore the fist quarter ofthis year are about the same~6S in 10 2020 vs. Database recorded a yealy high 24 new capital project announce: 621n 102021 n total, the Boxscore Databases tracking nearly 1300 ‘ments in the global hydrocarbon processing industry. Approximately projects around the world, KP ae i ‘sen ape Bee as, 05 Were ae a m3 ut bt Pebechemicls asm Gasp oe 1 Tae ‘otal active projects by region and sector, excluding holds 19% eineing 32% unde construction Soren 38% Pronosetaming 6% suey New project announcements, January 2020-March 2021 Active project market share by activity level