Allophones and Types of Release

Aspiration [ ʰ ]
/p/ /t/ /k/ + VOWEL or /w/ /j/ /l/ /r/ (prominent syllables)

Lack of Aspiration (No diacritic)

When /s/ precedes /p/ /t/ /k/

Devoicing in Group C [ ̥ ]
When /w/ /j/ /r/ /l/ is preceded by aspirated /p/ /t/ /k/

Devoicing in Group B [ ̥ ]
/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dʒ/ when preceded or followed by a
pause or a voiceless consonant.

Nasal Release [ ͜ ]
Plosive + /n/ or /m/

Non-audible Release [ ͜ ]
Plosive + Plosive
Plosive + /tʃ/ or /dʒ/
Lateral Release [ ͜ ]
/t/ or /d/ + /l/

Dentalization [ ̪ ]
/t/ /d/ /n/ /l/ + /θ/ /ð/

Labiodentalization [ ɱ ]
/m/ /n/ + /f/ /v/

Post-alveolar Articulation [ _ ]
/t/ /d/ /n/ /l/ + /r/

Sillabicity [ ̩ ]
When /l/ /n/ take the place of /ə/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/
(Only in unstressed syllables)
Dark /l/ [ ɫ ]
Before consonants, pauses and /w/

Clear /l/
Before vowels and /j/

Fully Long Vowel [ ː ]

When the vowel is in a prominent open syllable in final position.
When the vowel is in a prominent syllable in final position
closed by a voiced consonant.

Half Long Vowel [ ˑ ]

Final prominent syllables closed by a voiceless consonant
phoneme.
In non-prominent syllables.
In prominent syllables followed by one or more syllables.

For reference go to Unit 6 (page 40-55) of Getting Pronunciation Straight.