alright guys welcome back this is

development lecture number three this

one is actually in your book so I'm not
going to spend a great deal of time on
it however this is a developmental
theory we just had the modernization
approach which was nice in theory but
certainly, had its flaws

Rostow theory is
still considered by quite a few people
so, we're gonna talk about this and the
idea of using international trade to
sort of jumpstart a country's economy
first of all, okay obviously we're gonna
start over here on the little side or
the very little bottom part of this
arrow okay and that's where you're gonna
be an LDC
and then sort of as we progress okay
hopefully we'll end up at the larger
part of this vector being an MVC in
order to begin Rostow simply just states
that we are going to start with a
1. traditional society

traditional society
is going to be that of a basically an
LDC as you would imagine it in your head
it's gonna have limited technology it's
gonna be a very static society which
means that it is not going to change
over time really, it's the idea of full
culture you know it may differ from
place to place at a given time but
certainly not time to time at a given
place so that's what you would be
starting with really no infrastructure
infrastructure being that anything that
would be necessary in order to start
development in the area you need to have
some preconditions for takeoff in order
for raw styles model to work and
2. preconditions for takeoff basically
means that there has to be something in
your country, in your less developed
region, that could be commercially
exploited in terms of agriculture or
mining or fishing a great example of
this could be the acai berries
if anybody's noticed especially ladies
lately there's been this like huge craze
about using you know acai berries or
pomegranate or
whatever it may be for cosmetics
and lotion and you know age-defying
wrinkle cream and all sorts of crazy
stuff like that
however, as you can probably guess acai
berries are not something that are grown
in a great deal of areas so we could
take a less developed country say in
sub-Saharan Africa or Southeast Asia and
for example, they grow acai berries well
at this point they could have a
precondition for takeoff if they are
maybe the first ones out there to offer
okay and make known that they have these
acai berries with that you're gonna have
probably some sort of commercial
exploitation which means okay that
you're gonna have the

3. Take-Off
development of a manufacturing sector what that means is
for example, L'Oreal L'Oreal may end up
visiting your little island in Southeast
Asia, they see that you have acai berries
and they decide that they are actually
going to begin to harvest acai berries
from your island and they'll create a
create a large market farm it
could be a factory farm where you're
gonna be out there either working in the
fields or you could be actually you know
you know somehow manufacturing the acai
berries into a cream or whatever it may
be but you're going to have that
manufacturing sector developed
4. your drive to maturity is going to be the
development of wider industrial and
commercial basis so for example as
people are going to sell these outside
berries to L'Oreal L'Oreal is going to
pay them and in return that wealth will
be spread in a manner to which you would
actually, try to develop your area the
drive to maturity would be the idea of
creating an industrial and commercial
base this would be ancillary types of
activities insularly meaning sort of in
addition to or on this side for example
if people are making a great deal of
money picking these acai berries perhaps
they need a clothing manufacturer in
order for them to be able to you know
clothe themselves for the job
perhaps they need a doctor perhaps they
need a grocery store l'oreal may even
bring in executives and the executives
that are gonna be living in that area
are going to want things that are very
sort of MDC based perhaps they will
bring in you know internet those types
of activities after you have that drive
to maturity you are then going to
hopefully in theory anyways create a
society of
5. high mass consumption
which means as you bring in money from
L'Oreal L'Oreal is pumping this money in
they're getting their acai berries lots
of rich old women are buying them you
know people think they smell great and
they make the wrinkles go away okay your
little island is going to really accrue
some wealth as they accrue wealth Oh
instead of going to individuals if they
could filter that back into the area you
would have the development of grocery
stores you would have the development of
gas stations you would have the
development of car manufacturing perhaps
car dealerships you would have fast food
develop you would have then people
wanting leisure time so potentially you
know baseball stadiums football stadiums
you know soccer stadiums perhaps even
you know movie theaters restaurants you
know tourism any of those ideas
basically, by the end of this you are
taking a traditional society and going
all the way into a high mass consumption
society

from this hey you are going to

have the sort of what needs to happen in
order to actually have a precondition
for takeoff if you think back okay I
mentioned that we're starting out as an
LDC we probably are you know kind of
impoverished however that precondition
for takeoff that you have are actually
being able to grow acai berries in its
best condition however in order for you
to actually find out about this you
actually, have to have some sort of
external influence for example the
people on your Island may think that the
acai berries
tastes like crap and therefore nobody
has ever picked them out of the trees or
the bushes um nobody has ever thought
about making a lotion out of them and so
instead they're just kind of a nuisance
little fruit that occasionally will fall
on the ground people step on them and
make the bottom of their shoe’s red I
mean that's about it unless somebody
came in and pointed out the value likely
your island would never understand that
so therefore because of the interest in
finding natural remedies for cosmetics
that's kind of the new I guess trend so
to speak they may actually l'oréal be
out looking for a fruit or a berry or
some sort of natural ingredient and
happen to find the acai berries because
of that they will then indicate that it
is of some wealth you are no longer sort
of nuisance by these but now you're
fortunate to have some sort of
precondition for takeoff
once L'Oreal comes in they're going to
actually, have to install infrastructure
first good example infrastructure would
be I'm creating a port a port or maybe
even an airport that way the Loreal
executives can get there so the ships
can get there and be able to transport
the goods also an emergence of a
political and social elite a social
elite maybe the managers of the factory
or the managers of the farm as you bring
more people in and you start to really
develop you're going to need some sort
of political system as well
infrastructure will include things like
electricity you will likely need to
figure out a way for phones and internet
access and natural gas or some form of
energy for heat or cooling additionally
plumbing sanitation all of those types
of ideas bridges where they're needed
roads where they're needed all of that
is going to be installed as L'Oreal
comes in simply out of necessity they
cannot actually produce these acai
berries and transport them at a fast
enough rate if there are no
infrastructures in place after L'Oreal
comes in okay and you've started this
you know massive sort of factory farming
of your berries after your investment in
the manufacturing is more than 10% of
your national income as 10% or more of
your income comes from those acai
berries you're gonna have the
development of other institutions a good
example of that as you work on the farm
perhaps you brought your children with
you to the island may be working
executives brought their children there
now that you have money
perhaps you as a native want your
children to be able to speak English or
read English and so education will
develop additionally like I mentioned
before a political system will develop
you will have people that will run for
offices or show some sort of political
power also you need some sort of law and
order potentially army or police
force
certainly, a you know fire department
emergency crews anything of that sort
and then economic institutions you need
to have banks if you do not have a bank
it is likely that people who are trying
to develop these new types of ancillary
services will not have the funding on
their own to do so and so therefore
starting banks places where people can
ask for loans you know invest their
money all of those also need to be in
place now as you drive to maturity and
you have that development of all of
these other types of activities you know
potentially shopping malls, you know
places where you have high mass
consumption you know furniture stores
again, fast food restaurants any of those
types of things you then actually become
an exploitive country in terms of
international trade for example if
you're the only country in the world
that has these acai berries you could
actually, exploit more developed
countries for example you could tell
L'Oreal that you were know when you're
going to sell to them because a
competitor has come in and offered you
more money because of that ok L'Oreal
then might increase the amount of money
they're pumping into your mmm Island so
as you end up having an advantage in
international trade you are going to be
able to really sort of volley for more
money coming into your country which
means more money to be spent on high
mass consumption or mass-produced
consumer products which really
inevitably brings us to pop culture and
a country that is well developed so if
you take a look at this whole idea you
really are going from a traditional
society to that high mass consumption
Society and it usually does not take
very long however there are some
certainly, some weaknesses in your book
we'll go into this first of all it's
1. too simplistic for human geography
when we actually, talk about it economically you
know economic classes will really kind
of go into it in more detail but for us
it really perpetuates this idea that
every country in the world will
eventually be able to make progress from
being an LDC to an MVC if they are able
to compete to the best of their building
in the world economy it's one of those
ideas if you try really really really
hard okay you'll become developed
unfortunately, that's not the case it's
not reasonable to compare an early
starter to a late starter for example
your island was you know sort of
targeted by l'oréal and you found out
that acai berries
live there however a neighboring Island
then notices that acai berries are able
to grow in their area however L'Oreal
does not need that many acai berries at
that point the neighboring island may
seek out a competitor however the
competitors’ prices for manufacturing
those acai berries are probably a little
bit lower and additionally at some point
it may just be that there's too much
acai berry in the world and those people
are going to end up because they are not
contracted out and really because the
competition has pushed them out of the
way you will have people that are no
longer working towards creating acai
berries perhaps they'll quit planting
them or go back to really kind of
ignoring them other things to think
about the early starters were free from
any sort of obstacle or precedence for
example okay
the idea that well you're gonna sell to
L'Oreal. L'Oreal comes in they really do
not your country does not have anything
that is prohibiting you from working
with that country or that company
however, it could be that once that has
started
L'Oreal says no we only buy from this
island and so for other islands they may
end up being sort of out of luck a lot
of times that's going to be political
you know sort of I like to say someone's
getting greased probably some sort of
kickback from L'Oreal to the government
in order to just trade with L'Oreal or
perhaps the other way around
also, important to understand that late
starters must compete in competition and
face some barriers so a good example of
that is Russia coming out of the Soviet
Union they're actually trying to create
a capitalist society but in the face of
competition and really sort of this
barrier of communism a good example of
this would be elderly people in Russia
because the elderly people in Russia
we’re working in factories their pensions
have been cut because they are no longer
communist and so these elderly people
are trying to go out and start jobs you
know get jobs however they cannot
compete with other groups of people
Russia is going to be struggling in
terms of trying to create new car
manufacturing new computer manufacturing
really, they need to find something that
will be able to thrust them forward
towards a more developed country but at
this point it's really sort of
monopolized by other MVC's particularly
in Western Europe and if they are rich
in Russia they are going to be a an
elite group usually of aristocracy um
before we go onto goona Franck's one of
the largest weaknesses of Rostow model
and your book will mention this but if
you think about that perpetuation of
sort of this developmentalism myth the
idea that everybody will develop the
article that you are reading the
geography of poverty is and poverty and
wealth is
actually, really should ring true right
here for you because as the article
states there are some countries
geographically that are sort of out of
luck when it comes to developing
consider for a moment a landlocked
country or perhaps a country in a humid
environment also consider that some
countries in order to be able to develop
in this manner they need to have some
sort of external sort of influence plus
the preconditions for takeoff if you
have nothing that sand on your island
and there's not a single thing of value
there will be no development theory
there will be no external stimulus
they're certainly not going to be any
precondition for takeoff and therefore
you unfortunately will not become a
developed country