2. a) Packet arrival rate exceeds output link capacity and the router has a very small buffer size.

Explanation

When the incoming packets exceeds the router capacity to process them, the router keeps them in

the queue and arrange to transmit them. As the packets wait to be transmitted, the average

waiting time increases thus causing a premature timeout.

4. d) Timeout because it indicates nothing is coming through the network anymore.

Explanation

Timeout is an error that displays when a server takes a lot of time to respond to the client. The

error is purposely meant for preventing the client from ceaselessly waiting for response from the

server. The error occurs due to faulty extension, outdated cache and browser and poor internet

connection.