Task 2 - Electromagnetic waves in bounded open media

Individual work format

CARLOS ARLEY MENDEZ

Group 203058_79

Identification number

1100888946

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería

Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas

2021 16-04
 Exercises development
Activity

Answers: (write with your own words)

1. What are the modes of propagation of electromagnetic waves?

The wave propagates traveling in the free space. And could be divided into the three categories.

Space Waves, Sky Waves, Ground Waves.

2. What is the phenomenon of total reflection of an electromagnetic wave?

This phenomenon happens when an plane wave knocks another structure causing changes of

direction in the wave.

3. What is the phenomenon of total refraction of an electromagnetic wave?

This phenomenon is similar to reflection, so when the wave change in direction of a wave

transmitter from one medium into the another.

4. What is the purpose of Snell's Law in the study of the propagation of waves?

The intention is predicts the direction taken by a wave travels from one medium to another.

Application exercises:

For the development of the following exercises, note that 𝐺𝐺 corresponds to the group number and

𝐶𝐶𝐶 to the last 3 digits of the identification number.

1. An electromagnetic wave of 𝑓 = 79 𝑀𝐻𝑧 and 𝑃1+ = 100𝑚𝑊/𝑚2, incident from the air (𝜂1 =

120𝜋 𝛺), perpendicular to an infinite wall with an intrinsic impedance 𝜂2 = (946 + 10) 𝛺.

Calculate the reflected power 𝑃1− and the transmitted power 𝑃2+ to the wall.
 Figure 1: Propagation of “normal wave” in infinite medium.

Attention, for the calculations:

1. Replace your values (with units) in the equation.

2. Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator. *

3. Paste the calculator image into the report.

4. Write the answer with your units.

Interpretation: according to the concept of power, explain the meaning of the value obtained for

𝑃1− and 𝑃2+ .

Reflection coefficient: Reflectance: Transmitace: The reflected power:

𝑊
𝑟 = 0.43 𝑅 = 19% 𝑇 = 81% |𝑝1− | = 19 2
𝑚

The reflected power

𝑊
|𝑝2+ | = 81 2
𝑚

Grafic into GeoGebra Calculator

According to the equations I can said that the reflected and transmitted powers working in syntonic

because the incident power is to 100%, but the reflected is less in relation to the transmitted powers.
2. An electromagnetic wave of 𝑓 = 79 𝑀𝐻𝑧 and 𝑃1+ = 100𝑚𝑊/𝑚2, coming from a wave

generator located 12𝑐𝑚 from the wall, which impinges from the air (𝜂1 =

120𝜋 𝛺) perpendicularly on a wall with an intrinsic impedance 𝜂2 = (946 + 10) 𝛺 and 20𝑐𝑚

thick. The wall is made of a non-magnetic and non-dissipative material. On the other side of the

wall is a receiver located 20cm away.

Figure 2: Propagation of “normal wave” in finite medium.

a. Calculate the coefficient of reflection Ґ and transmission 𝜏 seen by the generator.

b. Determine in [%] and [𝑚𝑊/𝑚2 ] the power 𝑃𝑡 that is transmitted to the receiver.

Attention, for the calculations:

1. Replace your values (with units) in the equation.

2. Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator. *

3. Paste the calculator image into the report.

4. Write the answer with your units.

𝑊
|𝑝1+ | = 100 𝑓 = 79 𝑀𝐻𝑧 𝜂1 = 120𝜋 𝛺 𝜂2 = 956 𝛺
𝑚2

𝑤𝑛1 (2𝜋 ∗ 79𝑥106 𝐻𝑧).120𝜋𝛺

𝛽= = 𝑚 = 0.65 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑚
𝑐0 𝑛2 3𝑥108 𝑠 ∗ 956𝛺
 120𝜋𝛺 + 𝑗 ∗ 956𝛺 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 0.65 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑚 ∗ 0.2
𝑛𝑖𝑛 = 956𝛺 ∗
956𝛺 + 𝑗 ∗ 120𝜋𝛺 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 0.65 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑚 ∗ 0.2

𝑛𝑖𝑛 = 382.4 + 105.2𝑗

 (382.4 + 105.2𝑗) − 120𝜋𝛺
𝑟1 = = 0.03 + 0.14 𝑗
(382.4 + 105.2𝑗) + 120𝜋𝛺

𝑇1 = 1 − |0.03 + 0.14 𝑗|2 = 0.98 = 98%

𝑅1 = 1 − 𝑇1 = 0.02

𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒 − 𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑 120𝜋 𝛺 – 956𝛺

𝑟2 = = = −0.43
𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒 + 𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑 120𝜋 𝛺 + 956 𝛺
𝑇2 = 1 − |−0.43|2 = 0.81 = 81%
 𝑅2 = 1 − 𝑇2 = 0.19

𝑇𝑡 = 𝑇1 ∗ 𝑇2 = 0.98 ∗ 0.81 = 0.79

𝑊 𝑊
𝑃𝑡 = 𝑇𝑡 ∗ 𝑃1 = 0.79 ∗ 100 2
= 79 2 = 79%
𝑚 𝑚

Interpretation: According to the concepts explored, explain the meaning of the value obtained for

Ґ, 𝜏 and 𝑃𝑡 .

In this case the wall provocate the loss propagation of wave like the exercise show.

3. An electromagnetic wave propagates through several media as shown in the graph.

Figure 3: Propagation of “oblique wave” in finite media.

Initially the ray travels through the ice layer striking the air layer at point B, forming an angle of

𝜃𝑎 = 50°. Using Snell's Law, calculate step by step the total path of the wave to determine the value

of "d". Note that each layer is (956) 𝑚𝑚 thick.

Attention, for the calculations:

1. Replace your values (with units) in the equation.

2. Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator. *

3. Paste the calculator image into the report.

4. Write the answer with your units.

𝜃𝑎 = 50° 𝐺 = 956 𝑚𝑚 𝑛1 = 1.31 𝑛2 = 1.00029 𝑛3 = 1.5

1.31
𝜃𝑏 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛−1 ( 𝑠𝑒𝑛(40°)) = 57.33°
1.00029

𝑥1 = 956 𝑚𝑚 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛(57.33°) = 1490.93 𝑚𝑚

1.00029
𝜃𝑐 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛−1 ( 𝑠𝑒𝑛(57.33°)) = 34.15°
1.5

𝑥2 = 956 𝑚𝑚 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛(34.15°) = 648.48 𝑚𝑚

 𝑑 = 1490.93 𝑚𝑚 + 648.48 𝑚𝑚 = 2139.4

Application example

Example: In my case, I can said, the topic is very important because I work with the analog

communication and this topic help my understand like traveling the Electromagnetic waves and the

effect about the different structures and medium, My job is communication’s non-commissary in the

army, in my job, I assignment the frequencies for the communications’ military, and all this helps to

understand why in a little places not arrive the signal.

Video link

URL: https://youtu.be/S9TNwPP2ewM

References

 Chen, W. (2005). The Electrical Engineering Handbook. Boston: Academic Press, (pp. 519-

524). Recovered

from http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.a
 spx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=117152&lang=es&site=ehost-

live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_519

 Wiley, J. & Sons Ltd. (2003). Electromagnetic Wave Propagation. Fixed Broadband

Wireless. (pp. 25-70). Recovered

from http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.a

spx?direct=true&db=aci&AN=14505422&lang=es&site=ehost-live

 Gutiérrez, W. (2017). Snell Law [Video]. Recovered from http://hdl.handle.net/10596/13140

 UNAD. (2021, 25 OCTUBRE). web conference related to unit 2 - part 3 recovered from

https://bit.ly/3Eka6TM

 UNAD. (2021, 22 OCTUBRE). web conference exercise 2 of Task 2 recovered from

https://bit.ly/3GfBX9t

 UNAD. (2021, 20 OCTUBRE). web conference related to unit 2 - part 2 recovered from

https://bit.ly/3ndcrZT

 UNAD. (2021, 14 OCTUBRE). web conference exercise 1 of Task 2 recovered from

https://bit.ly/3vh9bAe