24. State the aufbau principle in your own words.

25. Apply the Pauli exclusion principle, the aufbau

principle, and Hund’s rule to write out the electron
configuration and draw the orbital diagram for
each of the following elements.
a. silicon c. calcium
b. fluorine d. krypton
26. What is a valence electron? Draw the electron-dot
structures for the elements in problem 25.
27. Thinking Critically Use Hund’s rule and orbital
diagrams to describe the sequence in which ten
electrons occupy the five orbitals related to an
atom’s d sublevel.
28. Interpreting Scientific Illustrations Which of
the following is the correct electron-dot structure
for an atom of selenium? Explain.