Standard Method of Test for Determining Degree of Pavement Compaction of Bituminous Aggregate Mixtures SCOPE L.A This method describes the proce- dures for determining the degree of pave- ‘ment compaction of a bituminous-aggre- gate mixture as related to standard speci- ‘mens composed of the same materials and within the tolerance of the job mix formula. 1.2. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard 2, REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1 AASHTO Standards: T 166 Bulk Specific Gravity cof Compacted Bitu- sminous Mixtures T 167 Compressive Strength of Bituminous Mix- 2.2 ASTM Standard: D 2950 Density of Bitumi- nous Concrete in Place by Nuclear Method 3. SAMPLING AND TESTING 3.1 Removing the sample from the ‘compacted pavement BL Equipment. BALI Any tool suitable for remov ing inact a square, circle, or cote of ‘compacted pavement forthe full depth of the course or courses. An impact chisel. a diamond blade pavement saw, a steel density ring, or a diamond bit core dill are suitable for this purpose. The core drill should be equipped to core and tetneve specimens approximately 100 to 150 mm (4 or 6 in) in diameter. The density ring shall be approximately 150 mm (6 in.) LD. and approximately 6.4 mmm (in. less in height than the thick ness of the compacted course. AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 230-68 3.2 A rigid plate or suitable con- tainer large enough to hold the sample ‘without distortion after it is removed from the pavement BA2 Procedure: 12.1 Method A—A suitable mate rial of appropriate size for preventing the bond between pavement layers shall bbe placed and its location identified, ‘After pavement has been laid and com= pacted, cut and remove a square sample from above location. (See Appendix A for typical method.) 3.22 Method B—When the sam- ple is to be cored, pre-identifying the location of the sample may be elimi nated. When the coring operation has been completed, carefully remove satn- ple by use of the core retriever. When the maximum nominal size aggregate in the pavement is 25 mm or less, a 100 mm (4 in.) diameter bit or larger shall be used. When the maximum nominal size aggregate is over 25 mm a 150-rmm (G-in,) diameter bit shall be used 3.23 Method C—The sample may be obtained by the Density Ring Method. (See Appendix B.) BA.24 fier the pavement sample has been cut oF cored, it should be care- fully removed. Care should be exercised that the sample is not distorted, bent, cracked, or in any way changed from its physical condition as it was before removal from the pavement. The sample should then be forwarded to the labora tory. If for any reason there should be a delay in shipping the sample to the laboratory it should be placed in a safe cool place, ‘3BAL2S Complete identification in formation should be submitted with the sample 32. Determination of Specifie Grav ity of the Sample Taken From the Com pacted Pavement: 3.2.1 The specific gravity of the sample shall be determined in accor dance with T 166, 33. Determination of specific gravity/density of the compacted pave ‘ment by nuclear gauge. 33.1 The specific gravity/density of the compacted pavement may be deter: mined in place by testing in accordance with ASTM D 2950, "Density of Bitumi- nous Conerete in’ Place by Nuclear Method.” 4 Standard Specimens BAL Standard specimens shall be prepared from a representative sample of the mix to be tested for compaction, in accordance with T 167 or other accept- able methods. 38. Determination of the specific gravity of a standard laboratory com- pacted specimen. 3.1 The specific gravity of the standard specimens shall be determined in accordance with T 166. 4, DEGREE OF PAVEMENT COMPACTION 4,1 The degree of compaction shall be determined by dividing the specific gravity of the pavement specimens by the specific gravity ofthe standard speci ‘mens and shall be expressed as a per- centage’ Degree of Compaction = Pavement Sp a Siandard Specimen Sp Gr APPENDIX A. Al. OBTAINING A SQUARE OF COMPACTED PAVEMENT ALL Place a 300-mm/(12-in) square of cardboard, light sheet metal or metal foil on the particular lane that is being paved, It should not be placed any closer 487488, than 0.6 m (2 ft) from the edge of the lane or from a longitudinal joint. Tie in the four comers of the square by measuring from known points and re ‘cording the distances. After the pavement is laid and compacted, nail redheads (aals with a square of red cloth attached to their heads), in the four comers of the square beneath the pavement, T will identify the location of the sample when it is t0 be cut out and removed, AL2 By using either an impact chisel or a diamond blade saw, make cuts in the pavement connecting the four ‘measured points, This will furnish a sam pile of pavement 300 by 300 mm (12 by 12 in.) that can easily be removed as the bond is broken directly by the cardboard, for sheet metal or metal fol APPENDIX B Density Ring Method BI. APPARATUS BIA Density Ring—The density ring shall be of steel, approximately 150 ‘mm (6 in.) inside diameter and approxi- mately 64 mm (J, in.) less in height than the thickness of the compacted layer ‘of asphalt mix from which the specimen is to be removed. BL.L.1 Rings of the required eight may be cut from low carbon, cold drawn, seamless, mechanical tubing—150 mm LD.,644 mm (6in, LD.‘ in.) wall thick~ BL.1.2 The lower part ofthe outside wall of the ring shall be cut on a bevel (approximately 20") until the bottom edge is approximately 32 mm (' in.) wide. The ring shall be rued so that the top and bottom edges are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the inside wall BI13. The wall shall be cut through at one location as shown in Figure 1 The cut section shall be approximately 1.6 mm ('/y in.) wide, oF as eut by the saw blade. If the cut should open more than is desirable, it may be brought back to the desired dimension by compressing the open-ring in a vise. BI4 A hole approximately 3.2 mm ('/ in.) in diameter shall be drilled METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING in the ring wall opposite the cut section, The center of the hole shall be approxi: imately 4.8 mm (i, in.) fom the upper edge of the ring, By means of the hole, a suitable wire may be attached t0 the ring to aid in removal of the ring and specimen from the compacted pavement All edges of the split ring, including the cut section, shall be deburred and made smooth by filing. B2. PROCEDURE, B21. On the base or leveling course ‘on which the asphalt mix is being placed, and at the selected location, place the 32 mm DRILL 4 - 107 aKa otherwise indicated, FIGURE 1 Typical Pavement Density Ring Note: All dimensions are in millimeters unless 7230 density ring with beveled edge down ahead of the spreading operation. If de sired, @ piece of aluminum foil slightly Target than the density ring may be placed between the ring and the base or leveling course. B22 A string may be attached 10 the short wire affixed to the density ring, and led to an area outside the spreading operation, After the spreading machine has passed over the density ring, but before rolling operations are begun, the string and wire are lifted thra the uncom: pacted mix and left on the surface. After rolling operations are complete, the NOTE: h = 6.4 mm less than thickness of compacted iayer from which the specimen is to be removed. ‘All dimensions are approximate. 7 iL7230 METHODS OF SAMPLES A“ string and wire ae lifted from the surface compacted mix before the ring and spec B23. To remove the specimen from string aid Mon of the density ring and men are removed. After the sing and the rng, a strong screwdriver s inseried oe ee eeetmnen, By means of the specimen ae removed, material near the into the eutsetion and quedo exmand coe et ieeand with te aid of a pry upper edge (above the density ring) the ring and allow the specimen (0 op aaa owrver wil 6), the density which may have been loosened or dis- out, of to be. pushed ont, Care (ar the enclosed specimen shall be turbed_ during the removal operation, be exercised so the compacied spine i ae ow the pavement Dry ice in shall be trimmed from the undisturbed will not be deformed during the re 4 plastic bag may be used to cool the portion of the specimen. ‘moval operation,