ARTIKEL

BAHASA INGGRIS

KELOMPOK 7 :
SANITA SARI 199495
SRI WAHYUNI 199504
SOFIA LOVIYANA 199501
SYARIFAH AULIA AUFA ALKADRI 199507

AKADEMI FARMASI YARSI

PONTIANAK
2021
 ANTIBIOTIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
1
𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎 𝑆𝑎𝑟𝑖, 2 𝑆𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑎 𝐿𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑎, 3 𝑆𝑟𝑖 𝑊𝑎ℎ𝑦𝑢𝑛𝑖, 4 𝑆𝑦𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑎ℎ 𝐴𝑢𝑙𝑦𝑎 𝐴𝑢𝑓𝑎
1,2,3,4
DIII Pharmacy Study Program, Yarsi Pharmacy Academy, Jl. Panglima aim No. 2 Pontianak
e-mail: 1 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖2408@𝑔𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑙. 𝑐𝑜𝑚, 2 𝑠𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑎0906@𝑔𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑙. 𝑐𝑜𝑚,
3
𝑠𝑟𝑖𝑤𝑎ℎ𝑦𝑢𝑛𝑖28022001@𝑔𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑙. 𝑐𝑜𝑚, 4 𝑠𝑦𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑦𝑎𝑎𝑢𝑓𝑎𝑎𝑙𝑘𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖@𝑔𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑙. 𝑐𝑜𝑚

ABSTRACT

Research has been done on the reactions of the antibiotic class test with the color reaction
test method and the sample solubility test used tetracycline and erythromycin. The results obtained
from the color test of each sample are the tetracycline sample after adding the 𝐹𝑒𝐶𝑙3 reagent the
result is dark brown, while in the erythromycin sample after adding the concentrated sulfuric acid
reagent the result is brown. The results obtained from the solubility test of each sample are that in
the tetracycline sample added ethanol reagent there is a precipitate at the bottom of the tube, while
in the erythromycin sample after adding ethanol reagent the results are slightly soluble. So it can
be concluded that the two samples were positive for tetracycline and erythromycin.

Keywords: antibiotics, erythromycin, tetracycline.

INTRODUCTION

Qualitative analysis is a process in identifying the presence of a chemical compound in an

unknown solution/sample. Qualitative analysis is also called type analysis, which is a method used
to determine the type, type of substance or components of the material being analyzed.
Antibiotics are a group of compounds produced by living microorganisms, both natural
and synthetic, which have the effect of suppressing or stopping a biochemical process in
organisms, especially in the process of infection by bacteria. Other literature defines antibiotics as
substances that even in low concentrations inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria and
fungi.
Antibiotics are used to kill microbes that cause infection. Symptoms of infection occur due
to direct interference by microbes and various toxic substances produced by microbes. Basically
an infection can be handled by the body's defense system, but the existence of this system needs
to be supported by the use of antibiotics. Antibiotics used to eradicate microbes that cause infection
in humans, must have selective toxicity properties. This means that the antibiotic must be toxic to
the microbe, but relatively non-toxic to the host. Selective toxicity depends on the structure
possessed by bacterial and human cells, for example bacterial cell walls which are not owned by
human cells, so that antibiotics with a mechanism of activity on bacterial cell walls have relatively
high selective toxicity. human cells, so that antibiotics with a mechanism of activity on bacterial
cell walls have relatively high selective toxicity.

METHODS

Material used in this research are erythromycin, tetracycline 𝐹𝑒𝐶𝑙3 1%, ethanol, sulfuric
acid, aquadest.

Tools used in this research are test tube + rack, stirring rod, drop pipette , measuring cup,
water bath.

Qualitative Test

a. Solubility test

The solubility test was carried out by inserting 250 mg of sample into each reaction, then
adding 10 ml of ethanol into the first test tube and then adding 10 ml of distilled water into the
second test tube. The solubility of the two materials was observed. This test was carried out for
the two materials, namely tetracycline and erythromycin.

b. Color test

Color reaction tests carried out include color tests with 𝐹𝑒𝐶𝑙3 1% and with . First, 250 mg
of tetracycline was placed on a drip plate, then 1 drop of 𝐹𝑒𝐶𝑙3 1% solution was added and the
color change was observed. As for the color test of erythromycin using sulfuric acid, 100 mg was
placed on a drip plate, then 3 ml of sulfuric acid was added, then heated to boiling and observed
for color changes.

DISCUSSION

No Sample Test Reagents Result of Results of Conclusions

Theoretical Experimental

1. Tetracycline Solubility Tube 1: Slightly There is a Tetracycline is

test +10ml soluble in precipitate at more soluble in
ethanol ethanol the bottom of ethanol
the tube
 Tube 2: Very Very difficult
+10ml difficult to to dissolve
aquadest dissolve in
aquadest

Color test + 1 drop Reddish Dark Positive for

𝐹𝑒𝐶𝑙31% brown chocolate tetracycline

2. Erythromyci Solubility Tube 1: Soluble in Slightly Erythromycin

n test +10ml ethanol soluble soluble in
ethanol ethanol

Tube 2: Very precipitate/ve

+10ml slightly ry difficult to
aquadest soluble in dissolve
aquadest

Color test + 3ml Reddish Reddish Erythromycin

sulfuric brown brown positive
acid
heated

This practicum discusses about Analysis of Antibiotic Group Compounds, which from
knowing this practicum is to analyze and identify antibiotic group compounds in pharmaceutical
preparations. amples of antibiotic compounds to be analyzed are Tetracycline and Erythromycin.
Antibiotics are drugs that can inhibit or kill the growth of bacteria in the body. Antibiotics are
produced through the process of synthesis and there are many types so that it is difficult to identify
because each other has specific properties. The class of antibiotics tested is almost insoluble in
water, so isolation must be carried out first.

In this practicum, a qualitative analysis of tetracycline was carried out by conducting a

solubility test and a color test. First, the solubility test was carried out by preparing two test tubes
to be filled with 250 mg into each test tube, then adding 10 ml of ethanol into the first test tube,
and adding 10 ml of distilled water into the second test tube. The experimental results show that
there is a precipitate on the addition of the ethanol reagent while when added with distilled water
it is very difficult to dissolve this is in accordance with the theory. Furthermore, a color test was
carried out by adding 1 drop of 𝐹𝑒𝐶𝑙3 1% solution to 250 mg of the experimental sample, the color
of the sample was dark brown, this was in accordance with the theory obtained.

A qualitative analysis test was conducted by conducting a solubility test and a color test on
erythromycin. The solubility test was carried out by preparing two test tubes and then putting 250
mg of sample into each test tube, adding 10 ml of ethanol into the first test tube and 10 ml of
distilled water into the second test tube. The experimental results show that erythromycin is
slightly soluble in ethanol, while there is a precipitate when aquadest is added, this is in accordance
with the existing theory. Furthermore, the color test was carried out by adding sulfuric acid to 100
mg of the sample then heated to boiling and observed the color changes that occurred. The
experimental results show a red brown color in the sample, this is in accordance with the existing
theory.

CONCLUSION
From the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded that the erythromycin
sample really contains erythromycin and the tetracycline sample does contain tetracycline.
Because the experimental results are in accordance with the existing theoretical results.

REFERENCE

CUHERLI, E. (2020). LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM KIMIA FARMASI I REAKSI-REAKSI

PENDAHULUAN GOLONGAN ANTIBIOTIKA. BANDUNG.
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Antibiotik Tetrasiklin dalam Sarang Lebah dengan Metode Kramatografi Cair Kinerja
Tinggi (Kekt) . Prosiding Penelitian SPeSIA Unisba 2015, 372-380 .
Wiryatun lestariana, et al. (2010). Jurnal Ilmiah Farmsi Vol.7 No 1. Yogyakarta: Jurusan
Farmasi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Islam Indonesia.