1

GSM-BASED AIR CONDITIONING UNIT (ACU) CONTROLLER

CABADING, LEOMAR F.
CASUGA, JOSHUA F.
LICUDINE, JONEL FLORAIN C.
MARQUEZ, ENARD SERIL B.
VILLANUEVA, CHITO D.

DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY

MID LA UNION CAMPUS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CITY OF SAN FERNANDO, LA UNION

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

FEBRUARY 2020
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APPROVAL SHEET

This research, GSM-Based Air-Conditioning Unit Controller, prepared and submitted

by Chito D. Villanueva, Joshua F. Casuga, Jonel Florain C. Licudine, Enard Seril B.

Marquez and Leomar F. Cabading, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering was examined and passed on February 2020 by the

Thesis Examination Committee composed of:

RONALD S. AYSON GINA C. SABADO

Member Member

MARK EDISON H. FERNANDEZ LORENZO L. BACANI, Ph.D.

Member Chair

RYAN JOHN E. RIVERA, MME

Adviser

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Bachelor
of Science in Electrical Engineering.

EE Chairman here including date signed

ENGR. HARRISON R. FLORES

Dean, College of Engineering
_________________________
Date Signed
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers extend their appreciation and deepest gratitude for the help and support

to the following persons who are in one way or another have contributed in making this study

possible.

To Engr. Ryan John Rivera, the researchers’ adviser for his support, pieces of advice,

guidance, and suggestions in the completion and success of this study.

To the thesis committee, for their encouragements, insightful comments, challenging

questions, and valuable suggestions.

To Engr. Lorenzo L. Bacani, for taking the load as an instructor in Research, thus, giving

time in guiding the researchers to finish requirements in the allotted duration of the semester.

To Engr. Ronald Ayson for creating our program and to Engr. Mark Edison H. Fernandez

for troubleshooting our GSM Module.

To their parents who supported them in every possible way – they made it this far

because they owe it all to them. The researchers are truly blessed.

To Ms. Jonabelle Tangalin, Mr. Ryan Christopher Gapuz, and Mr. Carl Mico Fontanos

for his presence, encouragement and his timely support for making this project study possible.

Lastly, desiring to provide thanks to the Heavenly God, with so much to be thankful for,

things seen and unseen. The guidance and blessings that have been provided only today but for

every day of their lives. Glorifying, praising and thanking God from up above.
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This Research Study

And it’s success

Is dedicated to our Family

Friends, Adviser, Members of the Panel

who were always there

to cheer up and encourage the Researchers

for without them, this study wouldn’t be possible.

And above all to our Almighty God who make

All things possible

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………………………... i

ACKNOWLEDGMENT……………………………………………………………………. ii

DEDICATION ………………………………………………………………………………...iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………… iv

LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………………………………….. v

LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………………… vi

LIST OF PLATES …………………………………………………………………………….. vii

ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………………... viii

CHAPTER

1 INTRODUCTION

Situation Analysis ………………………………………………………………12

Statement of Objectives ………………………………………………………...19

Time and Place of the Study …………………………………………………....20

Definition of Terms …………………………………………………………….20

2 METHODOLOGY

Research Design ………………………………………………………………..22

Materials and Procedures ………………………………………………………23

Materials ………………………………………………………………. 23

Tools and Equipment …………………………………………………...24

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Procedure ……………………………………………………………… 25

Instrumentation and Data Gathering……………………………………25

Data Analysis …………………………………………………………...25

Different Signal Strength………………………………………………..26

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Design of the GSM-Based Air Conditioning Unit Controller

Design …………………………………………………………………. 27

Construction of the GSM-Based Air

Conditioning Unit ……………………………………………………....32

Problems Encountered………….……………………………………… 35

Testing of the GSM-Based Air-Conditioning Unit Controller………….36

4 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary ……………………………………………………………………….. 42

Conclusions …………………………………………………………………….. 43

Recommendations …………………………….………………………………... 44

LITERATURE CITED …………………………………………………………………………45

APPENDICES ………………………………………………………………………………… 48

A. Plates ……………………………………………………………………………… 48

B. Created program…………………………………………………………………… 50

C. User’s Guide ………………………………………………………………………..51

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D. Suggestions and Recommendations of

the Panel…..…………………………………………………………………………..52
E. Gantt Chart……………………………………………………………………………54

CURRICULUM VITAE………………………………………………………………………...55
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LIST OF TABLES

Table
No. Page

1 List of Materials……………………………………………………………………..23

2 List of Tools and Equipment………………………..................................................24

3 Problems Encountered and Revision………………………………………………...35

4 Duration of the Device to Switch ON/OFF the ACU and send Monitoring

SMS…………………………………………………………………………………..37

5 Actual Time of the GSM based Air-Conditioning Unit Controller to notify the

ACU’s current Status………………………………………………………………....38

6 Voltage stored in the Lithium-Ion Battery per hour………………………………….39

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LIST OF PLATES

Plate
No. Page

1 Electrical and Electronic Components…………………..…………..............27

2 Soldering the Pin Headers to the Universal PCB……………….…..….….....32

3 Placing of Electronic Components……………………………………..….…33

4 Wiring of Relay to the Magnetic Contactor……………………………….…34

5 Wiring of the 3-way switch.………………….……………………….…..….34

6 Fabricating the Housing..……………………….…………………………....35

7 Side View…………………………………………………………………….47

8 Top View………………………………………………………..…………....48

9 Front View…………………………………………………………………....48
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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure
No. Page

1 Single Line diagram of GSM-Based Air-Conditioning Unit Controller…….14

2 Flowchart of the Process Flow of the

GSM-Based Air-Conditioning Unit Controller……………………………….15

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ABSTRACT

VILLANUEVA, CHITO D., CASUGA, JOSHUA F., LICUDINE, JONEL

FLORAIN C., MARQUEZ, ENARD SERIL B., CABADING, LEOMAR F., (2020) GSM-
Based Air Conditioning Unit Controller. Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering. Don
Mariano Marcos Memorial State University Mid-La Union Campus, College of Engineering,
City of San Fernando, La Union

Adviser: Rivera, Ryan John E., MME

The GSM-Based Air Conditioning Unit Controller was designed and developed mainly
for energy management and monitoring purposes. The device aims to control the ACU through
3-way switch and text message and to monitor its status in different locations. The device is very
effective if ever you forgot to turn off the ACU. It may help you lessen your usage of electricity.

Project Developmental and Evaluative Research Design were used in this study. The
researchers used magnetic contactor, relay, Arduino UNO, SIM800L- GSM Module. A lithium-
ion batteries is used to supply power to the Arduino UNO and the SIM800L.

The device underwent different testing to determine the capability of the device in terms
of time delay of receiving the text message and operation, duration of the lithium-ion batteries
and the range of the signal.

The researchers found out that the GSM-Based Air-conditioning unit (ACU) is highly
reliable for controlling and monitoring air-conditioning units with a maximum rating of two
horsepower.

Keywords: GSM, monitor, Arduino, Relay

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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Situational Analysis

Electricity is one of the greatest needs of mankind. It has now become a part of our daily

life and one cannot think of a world without electricity. Electricity is now an important part of

homes & industries. Almost all of the devices at homes, businesses and industries are running

because of electricity (Rallison, 2013). We better understand the importance of electricity

because it is not renewable energy that means it wouldn’t last forever.

The usage of electricity is increasing due to people’s demand of energy for comfort or for

work, but in some cases, it is due to their lack of discipline and irresponsible act. HVAC

(heating, ventilation and air-conditioning) is the largest user of electricity in buildings. An

average air-condition will use 3000 to 5000 watts of power for around 9 hours a day during the

hotter months. 318 watts of power consumption of air-condition in most American households

(Energy Management System, 2000).

In the Philippines, usage of air-conditioning unit is very important because of its tropical

condition. Due to climate change, the temperature increased the heat waves. But, using air-

conditioning unit may increase the energy consumption. The kW-hr consumption of air

conditioners depends on horsepower (HP). A two horsepower air-con can consumed 1,913 watts

for only 12 hours and it 688.8 kW-hr monthly which is very critical nowadays.
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At the Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University especially in the College of

Engineering, consumed electricity is at estimated 63.5 kW-hr a day which is very alarming

wherein the air-conditioning units are only operating in 5 hrs.

Energy management is the means to controlling and reducing the consumption of energy

and also the key to save energy in our home and community to pay less cost of electricity. Much

of the importance of energy saving stems from saving energy, thus this global need affects

energy prices, emission targets, and legislation, all of which lead to several compelling reasons

why you should have energy at your organization specifically. Energy management also reduces

the risk of increasing the cost of energy and also supply shortages could possibly lead to

bankruptcy. On top of these reasons, it’s quite likely that aggressive energy consumption and

irresponsible act must reduce (Boyle, 1996).

The subject to certain exclusions, each Federal agency must reduce the energy

consumption per gross square foot of its Federal buildings relative to a fiscal year (FY) 2003

baseline by 27% by 2014 and by 30% by FY 2015.(Federal Energy Management Program,

2007).

In the Philippines, there are also laws related to the energy management or saving which

is proposed by Senator Sherwin Gatchalian. The approval of the reconciled version of Senate

Bill No. 1531 and House Bill No. 8629, more popularly known as the Energy Efficiency and

Conservation Act is quite timely, especially at a time when the Philippines is experiencing

sustained economic growth over pass years. This leaves the Philippines the only ASEAN country

which does not have a law encouraging the efficient utilization of energy while providing tax

incentives for energy-efficient projects until now (Gatchalian, 2019).

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It will also develop the maintenance of a National Energy Efficiency and Conservation

Database, where the efficient energy and renewable energy shall be centrally stored. The bill also

creates and Interagency Energy Efficiency and Conservation Committee that will be tasked to

provide strategic direction in the implementation of the Government Energy Management

Program (GEMP), a program that reduce monthly consumption of electricity.

The use of Air Conditioning Unit nowadays is essential since we are already

experiencing the so-called global warming. No matter what form they take, air conditioning

systems have similar working components, including a refrigerant, a compressor, a condenser, an

expansion valve, and an evaporator coil, all of these works together to transfer heat and moisture

from the inside of your home.

Air Conditioners are electric devices use as a cooling system. Air Conditioner circulates

and filters air, removing pollutants and moulds from the air, this is important for people who

suffer from allergies and asthma. The filter also keep out insect and far more effective than a

screen in an open window, for a better ambiance for a workplace, Air Conditioning Unit also

improved work force as a study in Scientific America stated, we’ve all experienced the mental

sluggishness that comes with day that is just too hot, the energy of the body expends trying to

cool itself down takes away our ability to think and reason, but with the aid of air conditioner, it

help us condition our mind and body. It also protects our home appliances and electronic devices

from overheating. But with all this function and capabilities comes with a great electric bill,

since air conditioning unit consumes a large amount of power (Acrepairorlando, 2016).
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In dealing with this kind of high-power consuming device a wise move must be made,

therefore an energy management system must be utilized in order to save power and use it in a

more important matter.

Today it is impossible to leave the house going to somewhere without our mobile phones,

making it as a switch for our electronic devices and other device that consume energy just like

air conditioning unit, that even in a far distance we can turn off and on the air conditioning unit.

Air conditioning unit is a high voltage device so the use of magnetic contactor is needed.

Magnetic contactors are actually large relays that can handle a large amount of voltage.

Contactors typically have multiple contacts, and those contacts are usually normally open but not

always so that a load which is air conditioning unit for instance will shut off when the coil is de-

energized. Perhaps the most common industrial application of the so-called contactor is on

motors just like air conditioning units (All about circuits, 2018).

Magnetic contactors also usually used to switch current to an electric motor or a high-

power load, it can protect loads especially motors from over current.

When the control voltage is supplied to the air conditioner contactor, current flows

through the coils and produces magnetic field. The magnetic field attracts the plunger and pulls it

into the center of the coil. This action causes the contacts to close each set of contacts is compose

of one fixed and one movable contact and is referred to as a pole. These contacts are made of

steel and coated with silver for enhanced conduction of electricity (Air Conditioner Contactor

Replacement, 2019).
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Like all the switches, the contactor is like a drawbridge, nothing can pass until the bridge

is closed, and in relation to that if you don’t energize the contacts no current nor voltage will

pass the other side of contactor.

The used of relay is also necessary. A relay is an electromagnetic switch operated by a

relatively small electric current that can turn on and off a much larger electric current. The heart

of relay is an electromagnet. Relay is a kind of electric lever, switch it on with a tiny current and

it switches on another appliance using much bigger current. Many sensors and device are

incredibly sensitive pieces of electronic device and equipment and produced only small electric

currents (How relay works, 2019).

Relays control one electrical circuit by opening and closing contacts in another circuit.

When a relay contact is normally open, there is a contact when the relay is not energized. When

the relay contact is normally closed, there is a closed contact when the relay is not energized. In

either case, applying electrical current to the contacts will charge their state. The magnetic coil

attracts a ferrous plate, which is formed so that the armature can pivot, while the other end opens

and closes the contacts (Galco, 2019).

Today almost all of us have cell phone and use it each and every hour of our daily

activity, so the idea of making it a Control system or simply operate it like a switch Is efficient

since the percentage of using cell phone or mobile phone almost consume our daily schedule.

Remote management of several home appliances is a subject of growing interest and in recent

years we have seen many systems providing such control from home such as alarm, heaters, IT

equipment such as routers and servers can be controlled using mobile phones.
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These days, apart from supporting voice calls, a mobile phone can be used to send text

message as well as multimedia message (that may contain pictures, graphics, animation, etc).

Sending written text messages is very popular among mobile phone users. Instant messaging as it

is known, allows an individual to share ideas, opinions and other relevant information. A mobile

phone allows a platform to receive calls which in fact are commands sent to control different

appliances and device connected to the platform. The design of this control system is based on

the GSM technology that effectively allows control from a remote area to the desired location.

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and

software. Over the years Arduino has been the brain of thousands of projects, from everyday

objects to complex scientific instruments. A worldwide community of makers - students,

hobbyists, artists, programmers, and professionals - has gathered around this open-source

platform, their contributions have added up to an incredible amount of accessible knowledge that

can be of great help to novices and experts alike ( Everything you need to know about Arduino,

n.d.).

In Section IV of Harmonized National R&D Agenda (HNRDA) 2017-2022, seventeen

sectors covering various industries, the energy and transportation sectors, and high impact fields

like biotechnology and nanotechnology are within the purview of the Philippine Council for

Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development[ CITATION DOS17 \l

1033 ]. The priorities of this research are for renewable energy and energy storage solution.

The concept of GSM- Based controlling device is also used by Yanyan (2017) where he

developed the GSM-Based Irrigation Remote Monitoring System. The system comprises a main

control chip, an LPC 2132 is taken as the main control chip, and the periphery is connected with
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a series of circuits and chips of a GSM module responsible for remote communication, a data

storage module, a sensor detection module, a man-machine conversation interface, a relay

control module and an anti-theft alarm module; terminal control equipment directly controls and

manages an agricultural irrigation system; the sensor detection module detects a working

voltage, current and temperature when the agricultural irrigation system pumps water and

vibration conditions of a pump room door and window, and the parameter information is

transmitted to the main control chip ( Chinese Patent No. CN105425651A, 2014).

Other Arduino Based and GSM based devices exist nowadays. Among them are; Short

Message Monitoring System in GSM/GPRS mobile communication network where it comprises

the hardware platform and the software module, and connected parallel with the signal link layer.

It can make up of the single machine monitoring system or the distributed centralized monitoring

system. It can monitor, save and search the short message from the users. It provides two

monitoring ways that include monitoring calling code and called code, searching the subtle

keyword from the short message. It has many functions such as finding, tracking, making

statistic and analyzing (Chinese Patent No. CN1455616A, 2003)

Another is the GSM-based Combustible Gas Concentration Monitor comprises of a

control processor, a GSM module, a gas sensitive sensor, a display screen, a buzzer and a

solenoid valve, wherein the gas sensitive sensor is connected with the control processor through

an analog/digital (A/D) converter; the control processor is connected with the GSM module, the

display screen, the buzzer and the solenoid valve respectively; and the solenoid valve is arranged

on a combustible gas output pipeline. The characteristics of remote alarm and audible alarm are

integrated, and an optimal combustible gas concentration monitoring effect is achieved. When

the combustible gas concentration exceeds a critical value, the system immediately enters an
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alarm state, and an alarm signal is transmitted to a monitoring mobile phone so as to achieve in-

time alarm. Timely notification is realized, more time can be gained for monitors, and the audible

alarm is given; and moreover, if the alarm information is not treated within a certain time, the

system automatically transmits an instruction to close a control valve. The loss is reduced to

minimum, and the GSM-Based Combustible Gas Concentration Monitor is a good combustible

gas monitoring means (Chinese Patent No.CN202837282U, 2013).

Another one is the SMS based Wireless Notice board with Monitoring System (2013). It

is a wireless notice board which automatically updates the information to be sent via SMS from

user mobile. This design achieves the multiple display update system irrespective of their

location. ARM controller with GMS technology achieves this operation along with audio

announcement system (Nivetha et al, 2013).

These existing devices are the main basis of the function of the GSM-Based Air-

conditioning Unit Controller. The device can control a certain air-con as well as monitor it at any

location through text message.

Hence, a GSM-based system for an ACU unit could be a solution in energy management

or energy saving against the power consumption of air conditioning unit. The researchers found a

way to make energy management more efficient by having the main switch of an ACU in an

establishment or offices controlled by a monitoring device such as a mobile phone.

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Statement of Objectives

This study aimed to develop a GSM-Based Air Conditioning Unit (ACU) Controller.

Specifically, it sought to accomplish the following objectives:

1. To design the GSM-Based Air Conditioning Unit (ACU) Controller.

2. To construct the GSM-Based Air Conditioning Unit (ACU) Controller.

3. To create program of the GSM-Based Air Conditioning Unit (ACU) Controller.

4. To test the technical specifications GSM-Based Air Conditioning Unit (ACU)

Controller in terms of:

4.1. Time Delay of Receiving the Text and Operation

4.2. Duration of the Lithium-Ion Batteries

4.3. Signal strength

Time, Place and Limitation of the Study

The study focused on the design and development of GSM-Based Air Conditioning Unit

(ACU) Controller. The researchers conducted the GSM-Based Air-Conditioning Unit (ACU)

Controller at the College of Engineering, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, Mid

La Union Campus, the City of San Fernando, La Union during the second semester, AY 2019-

2020. This study is only limited on a window- type Air-conditioning Unit having a maximum

rating of 2 horsepower (Hp_.

Definition of Terms

For a better comprehension of this research study, the following terms were operationally

defined:
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Air Conditioning Unit (ACU) is a cooling device tends to be controlled and monitored.

Construct is referred to the construction of the device.

Create is referred to the creation of the program used by the GSM-based ACU

Controller.

Design is a specification for constructing the study.

Duration is used by the evaluator to test the study how long the batteries will last.

Evaluation is an instrument use by the evaluator to test the study.

Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) is an open, digital cellular technology

that receives and sends message to the operator.

GSM-Based Air-Conditioning Unit (ACU) Controller is a device that monitors and

controls the state of an Air Conditioning Unit.

Signal strength is used by the evaluator to test how strong and fast is the signal of the

location and the device to react to the device function.

Test is an action to determine that the device is running.

Time Delay is used by the evaluator to test the speed of the device to perform the

function.
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Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

In order for the researchers to develop a GSM-Based Air Conditioning Unit Controller a

project developmental design and evaluative research was used. Project developmental design

covers a range of activities from extending identification of a project need to a finished set of

contract plan. Developmental research can either the study of the process and impact of specific

instructional design, development, or evaluation activities and studying the process at the same

time or the study of the instructional design, development, and evaluation process as a whole or a

particular process component. (Wick et al, 2015). Project developmental design fits in this study

since the researchers designed the device not just for controlling the ACU but also for

monitoring it. The device was subjected to through observations to determine if the device was

fully operational.

On the other hand, evaluative research design was also used in conducting this study.

Evaluation research is the systematic assessment of the worth or merit of time, money, effort and

resources spent in order to achieve a goal (Bhat, 2016). It is very effective in the study because it

takes some extra efforts, time and also money to construct a device and subject it to evaluation

process. It may also include decision making to lead in practical application and data analysis

and reporting to test the specification of the device.

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Knowing the characteristics, quality, types, and cost of the material is important for the

technical performance, ease and safety operation of design, and also essential to the progress of

research.

Materials and Procedure

Materials. Table 1 presents the materials used including the unit cost, total cost, and the

labor cost of the GSM based Air-Conditioning Unit Controller. The total cost of the project is

4,698.53 pesos. In most projects, labor costs approximately 25 to 35% of the total project costs.

The researchers used 30% of their material cost to calculate the labor cost (Gichuchi, 2013). The

total material cost is 3,614.25 pesos and getting the 30 % of it is the labor cost of the device.

Table 1. List of Materials

Quantity Unit Description Unit Cost Total Cost
1 Piece Magnetic Contactor ₱750.00 ₱750.00
1 Piece Arduino Uno ₱325.00 ₱325.00
4 Pieces 3.7V Lithium-Ion Battery ₱180.00 ₱720.00
10 Pieces Pin Wire ₱228.00 ₱228.00
1 Piece SIM800L-GSM ₱1000.00 ₱1000.00
1 Piece Relay ₱346.25 ₱346.25
1 Piece 3 Prong Outlet ₱25 ₱25
1 Piece Universal PCB ₱150 ₱150
2 meter 5.5 mm stranded wire ₱35 ₱70
Total ₱3,614.25
Labor Cost ₱1,804.28
Grand Total ₱ 4,698.53
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Tools and Equipment. Table 2 shows the tools and equipment that was used in the

construction of the GSM-Based Air Conditioning Unit (ACU) Controller. The corresponding

function of each tool/equipment was also included.

Table 2. List of Tools

Tools/Equipment Function

Pliers It is an all-around gripping tool used for

working with clip.

Wire stripper It is a tool use to strip wire.
Screw driver Used for screwing (installing) and

unscrewing (removing) screws.
Soldering iron An instrument used for melting the lead.
Soldering lead Used to fuse electrical conductors.
Multi-tester An electronic instrument used to test the

continuity of the circuit.

Used as a timer to test the time delay of

Cell phone
text messages

Procedure. The researchers gathered information and concepts needed for the

development of the GSM-Based Air Conditioning Unit Controller. Using the principles learned,

the researchers evaluated the information taken for the design of the device that was used in the

project. The researchers gathered all the materials and equipment needed for the development of

the device, then, assembled the parts to come up with the GSM-Based Air-Conditioning Unit

Controller.
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A program to operate the ACU was used. The researchers used Arduino IDE in creating

a program that uses a C++ language.

Some errors were noted and immediately corrected by inspecting the circuit. With that,

constant modifications were applied until desired output was attained.

Instrumentation & Data Gathering

The researchers conducted series of tests to come up with the technical specification of

the device. The researchers evaluated the technical specification of the GSM based Air-

Conditioning Unit Controller in terms of its time delay of receiving the text and operation,

duration of lithium battery and signal strength. The researchers performed 5 trials to accomplish

its technical specification.

Data Analysis

Rated mean was used to access the average values from the tests made on the technical

specifications of the GSM based Air-Conditioning Unit Controller.

Different Signal Strength

4 BAR S EXCELLENT
3 BAR S VERY GOOD
2 BAR S GOOD
1 BAR MODERATE
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0 BAR POOR

Chapter 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Design of the GSM-Based Air Conditioning Unit (ACU) Controller

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Design. The GSM-Based Air-Conditioning Unit Controller is a multi-purpose device. Its

basic function is to turn on/off the air-conditioning unit through SMS. Aside from it, it also has a

switch to manually turn on/off the air-conditioning unit. The device has3 monitoring system; (1)

it will notify the user every time they turn on/off the Aircon through text message, (2) the device

will notify the user, the current status ACU every 6 hours, (3) text “STATUS” to the device and

it will notify the user its current status.

20 A Magnetic Contactor Arduino Uno-SMD SIM800L Real Time Clock (RTC)

Universal PCB Universal PCB Pin Header (Male & Female) 3-Way Switch 5 V Relay Module

3.7 Lithium Ion Battery Pin wires (Male) 3 Prong outlets

Plate 1.Electrical and Electronic Components

The schematic diagram of the GSM Based Air-Conditioning Unit Controller was shown

in Fig. 1, it composed of the following electronic & electrical components; (1) 20 A Magnetic

Contactor (2) Arduino Uno-SMD (3) SIM800L GSM Module (4) Real Time Clock (RTC) (5)

Universal PCB (6) Pin Header (male & female) (7) 3-way switch (8) 5 V relay module (9) 3.7 V

lithium-ion battery (10) Pin wire (male) as shown in Plate 1. After buying all the materials, the
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researchers started the design by constructing the block diagram of the GSM-Based Air-

Conditioning Unit Controller which plays an important role in assembling the components of the

device.

Twenty Amperes (20 A) Magnetic Contactor is a form of relay used in electrically

powered motors that act as safeguard and to balance out the frequency that comes from the

power supply. It is used to contact and control the entering current to the Aircon from the

supply. The researcher used multi-tester to check if the parts are working and their continuity.

SIM800L is an electronic device connected to the Arduino Uno received and reply text

message. SIM card is being inserted in this device.

Arduino Uno-SMD is an electronic device that controls the function of the device. It

processed the program being inserted to manipulate the function of the device. The researchers

check if the Arduino is working by inputting 9-volt power supply to supply the Arduino. The

researchers make a sample program to check if the Arduino is functioning.

Three-way switch is an electrical component that manually turns on/off the device. 3-way

switch is a single pole switch which controls the device from one location. The researcher used

multi-tester to check if the 3-way switch is working.

Pin wire is used to connect the relay to the Pin header in the universal PCB.

Relay is an electronic device used to close/open the circuit of the magnetic contactor.

Universal PCB is a printed board where the other devices and components (Arduino,

RTC, and Pin headers) are placed. The researcher used tester to check the continuity of the

connections of the pin wires and the pin headers that are being soldered.

Real Time Clock (RTC) is used by the Arduino, in order for it to keep and updated track

of the current time.

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Pin headers are placed on the Universal PCB acting as a connector for the Arduino, RTC,

and relay on the PCB connector

Pin wires are soldered at the back of the PCB, making a connection/circuit for the

Arduino, RTC, relay, and switch.

Lithium ion Battery is a power supply that supplies the Arduino Uno and the SIM800L

3 prong outlet is a special outlet intended for the air-conditioning unit. The researcher

used multi-tester to check if the outlet is working.

CKT. MAGNETIC ARDUINO 3 -WAY

SOURCE BREAKER RELAY UNO &
CONTACTOR S WITCH
S IM8 00

OUTLET RTC

AIR
CONDITIONING
UNIT
 30

Figure 1. Single Line Diagram of GSM-Based Air-Conditioning Unit Control

The Single Line Diagram shows how the different parts of the GSM-Based Air-

Conditioning Unit Control are connected. The Arduino, GSM SIM800 and RTC (Realtime

Clock) are connected together. The 3-Way switch and Relay are both connected to the Arduino,

and then the Common, Normally Open Terminals of the Relay are connected to the line and

Auxiliary 2 terminals of the magnetic contactor, respectively. The Auxiliary 1 of the Magnetic

Contactor is connected to its Terminal 1, while the outlet is connected to both L1, L2 terminals

of the Magnetic Contactor, which serves as the outlet for the ACU.

Turning On/Off the ACU through SMS Monitoring the ACU’s current situation

Figure 2. Flowchart of the Process Flow of the GSM-Based Air-Conditioning Unit Controller
 31

The Flowchart shows the process on how to use the GSM-Based Air-Conditioning Unit

Controller. The user may send a SMS code specifically ACON/ACOFF, with these SMS codes,

the GBAC will turn on/off the ACU. The user may also send a SMS code (“STATUS”) in order

for the user to be notified for the current status of the ACU. Lastly, for every 6AM, 12NN &

6PM, the user will receive a message indicating the current status of the ACU. This is the basis

of the researchers on creating the program.

Construction of the GSM-Based Air Conditioning Unit (ACU) Controller

The plates below show the steps in constructing the GSM-Based Air Conditioning Unit

(ACU) Controller. The Pin Headers were soldered on the Universal PCB. The connection of the

Pin Headers must be connected in series to the aspects of the Arduino Uno as presented in Plate

2.
 32

Plate 2. Soldering the Pin Headers to the Universal PCB

All electronic components are placed in the Pin Header. Arduino Uno, RTC, Sim 800L

and must be placed well as shown in Plate3.

Plate 3. Placing of Electronic Components

 33

Plate 4 shows the wiring of the relay to the magnetic contactor. The normally open (NO)

of the relay are placed on the A1 of the magnetic contactor and the common was placed in Line

2.

Plate 4. Wiring of Relay to the Magnetic Contactor

Plate 5 shows the wiring of 3-way switch. The 3-way switch is placed on the Pin Header

that was connected in series with the Arduino. 3-way switch is labeled 0,1,2 and 3.
 34

Plate 5. Wiring of the 3-way switch

Plate 6 shows the fabricating of the housing of the GSM-Based ACU Controller. The

housing is made up of aluminum.

Plate 6. Fabricating the Housing

Problems Encountered. The researchers encountered problems upon constructing the GSM-

Based Air conditioning Unit Controller. The encountered problems are shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Problems Encountered and Revision

 35

Problems Encountered Solution

The GSM Module SIM900A is not The researchers used SIM800L as a

functioning. replacement of the GSM Module SIM900A.

The relay is not functioning. The researchers troubleshoot the connections

at the back of the universal PCB, and
soldered the disconnected wire at the ground.

The 3-Way switch welded to double click in The researchers revised the program.
order to operate its proper function.

When batteries are disconnected, the device The researchers pressed the reset button.
will not function well.

Creation of Program of the GSM-Based Air Conditioning Unit (ACU) Controller

The researchers established a program intended for the mechanism of the GSM-Based

Air Conditioning Unit (ACU) Controller. The digital pin 8 is used as the output pin in order for

the relay to work. The pin 1 of the Real Time Clock (RTC) is connected to the ground; the pin 2

of the RTC is then connected to the Vcc of the Arduino, where the Arduino supplies the RTC,

the RTC’s pin 3 is connected to the SDA of the Arduino, which serves as the serial data pin,

while the RTC’s pin 4 is connected the SCL of the Arduino which serves as the pin for the Serial

Clock.

The first part of the program is the function of the SIM800L to turn on/off the ACU

through SMS. The next part of the program is the monitoring of the ACU where it will notify the

user its status. The third part of the program is for the 3-Way Switch used for turning on/off the

ACU manually. Lastly, was the Real Time Clock (RTC) which is used as a clock of the device so
 36

that the device can monitor the current status of the ACU in real time, with the help of the RTC

the device can monitor and send a SMS providing the current status of the ACU to user.

The researchers used Arduino software 1.0.1 for the whole program of the system. The

program was generated on the software and then uploaded to the Arduino Uno-SMD. (See

Appendix B).

Testing of the GSM-Based Air-Conditioning Unit Controller

The researchers tested the technical specification of the GSM-Based Air-

Conditioning Unit Controller in terms of time delay of receiving & operation, duration of lithium

ion battery and its charging & the range of the signal was done. The device is being tested in a

1.5 HP rating of Air Conditioning Unit; through this the following tests were accomplished:

Time Delay. The researchers tested first how fast does the GSM based Air-

Conditioning Unit Controller receives the appropriate code through SMS. The researchers used a

stopwatch of the cell phone as testing parameter to test the time of receiving the SMS and its

operation and the time the researchers received the monitoring being sent by the device. Upon

testing, the researchers observed that the device can turn on/off the ACU with the time delay of 3

seconds upon receiving the code. Upon receiving the code the device immediately performs its

function to turn ON/OFF the ACU.

The second part of the testing procedure is to answer the question, “How fast does

the 3-way switch can turn on/off the ACU?” The researchers observed that the 3-way switch can

turn on/off the ACU immediately just like the normal function of ACU.
 37

The researchers also tested how fast is the reply of device to the user’s ACU current

status as its monitoring. The researchers discovered that the reply/monitoring of device can be

received within five (5) seconds. The researchers conducted 5 trials as shown in Table3.

Table 4. Duration of the Device to Switch ON/OFF the ACU and send Monitoring SMS

Trial Switch ON/OFF Reply/Monitoring (seconds)

(seconds)

1 3 5
2 3 5
3 3 5
4 3 5

5 3 5
 38

The researchers also tested the time delay of the monitoring of the current status of the

ACU if you texted the code “STATUS” to the device. The researchers noticed that the device

will receive the SMS in three (3) seconds and the monitoring/SMS can receive in five (5)

seconds just like the time you received the SMS.

And lastly, the researchers monitored if the device will send the status of the ACU every

six (6) hours as programmed. The program is set to send SMS at 6:00 in the morning, 12:00 in

the afternoon and 6:00 in the evening. It is observed that the device will send 15 seconds delay to

the time being set to the program. Table 4 shows the time that the device sends the status of the

ACU.

Table 5. Actual time of the GSM based Air-Conditioning Unit Controller to notify the ACU’s

current status.

Expected Time Actual Time

6:00 AM 6:00 AM

12:00 NN 12:00 NN

6:00 PM 6:00PM

Duration of the Lithium-Ion Batteries. The researchers tested how long the Lithium-

Ion batteries can supplies power to the SIM800L and to the Arduino UNO. The researchers
 39

found out that the Lithium Ion Batteries can supply power within 167 hours or approximately

seven days when stand alone.

Second test is the charging of the Lithium Ion Battery. The researchers studied how long

it takes to charge the lithium ion batteries as shown in Table 5, and the researchers discovered

that the lithium ion battery can fully charge in 5 hours.

Table 6. Voltage stored in the Lithium-Ion Battery per hour

Time Voltage(Volts)

9:00 AM 0.7

10:00 AM 1.48

11:00 AM 2.4

12:00 NN 2.8

1:00 PM 3.67

Signal Strength. The researchers tested how far is the strength of the signal can receive

the code to operate the function of the device.

 40

The researchers used Smart network. In Manila, the signal strength is 4 bar wherein the

researchers observed that the device immediately received the SMS in 3 seconds and notifies in 5

seconds. In Agoo, La Union, the researcher observed that the signal strength is 3 bar wherein the

device received the SMS in 3 seconds and notifies in 5 seconds. In Balaoan, La Union, the signal

strength is 1 bar wherein the researchers observed that the device received SMS in 3 seconds and

notifies 5 seconds. The researchers observed that 1 bar to 4 bar has the same result except in 0

bar like in Poro, San Fernando City, La Union wherein the Smart networked is weak, the SMS

will be received by the device late and the function and monitoring will be delayed depending on

the situation of the signal.

The device is working depending on the signal strength of the location and the network

being used.

Overall, the GSM-Based Air-Conditioning Unit Controller is successfully working based

on the technical tests given.

 41

CHAPTER 4

SUMMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

This study focused on the design, assembly, testing, and evaluation of the GSM-Based

ACU Controller. The device is an innovation of the ACU’s controlling devices with the further

ideas that the researchers had in mind. Adding features such as monitoring to the ACU is a

promising concept. The device can be used to switch on or off the ACU as well as to monitor the

status even though you are away from the ACU.

Project developmental and evaluative research designs were used in the study to

conceptualize the design and specification of the GSM Based ACU Controller which was

constructed and assembled by the researchers. The device is being tested and evaluated based on

its technical specifications.

The following are the salient findings of the study:

1. The design of the GSM Based ACU Controller can be made using contactor, Arduino

Uno, relay, Sim800L, lithium-ion battery, and three- way switch.

2. The assembly and development of the GSM-Based ACU Controller was successful using

the required design specifications. The materials being used are working by using multi-

tester as testing parameter to check that they are working and their continuity. The

researcher also used multi-tester if the device is working.

3. The program using Arduino IDE was found to work well with the device.
 42

4. Testing of the technical specifications of the device were done and it was observed that:

a. The device can turn on/off the ACU upon receiving the command message. The 3-way

switch can on/off the ACU immediately just like the normal function of the switch. The

Reply/Monitoring Function of the device can be received within 5 seconds. The current

“Status” will be received in eight seconds in total.

b. The Lithium Ion batteries can supply power for 167 hours or approximately seven (7)

days. The batteries can be fully charged within 5 hours.

c. Depending on the signal’s strength, the device operated in 5 different locations was

found to have a wide range.

Conclusion

Based on the findings the following conclusions were deawn:

1. The design of the device is feasible.

2. The device can be assembled based on its design.

3. The device can be programmed using the Arduino IDE.

4. The testing and overall evaluations of the device were found to be successful and

excellent based on the series of tests.

 43

Recommendations

The researchers forwarded the following recommendations in the light of the findings and

conclusions:

1. Further study on the design and development of the GSM Based ACU Controller can be

made.

2. Additional features can be developed for the GSM-Based ACU Controller.

3. The GSM-Based ACU Controller can be used on a window type ACU with a maximum

rating of 2 HP.

4. Further study can be made on the marketability of the GSM Based ACU Controller.
 44

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ntensity_reduction_1
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 47

APPENDICES

Appendix A

Plates

Side View
 48

Top View

Front View
 49

Appendix B.

Created program
 50

Appendix C

User’s Guide for the GSM- Based Air-conditioning Unit Controller

The researchers developed an instructional guide to help the users in operating the
device in safest and effective way as possible.

1.) START USING THE 3 WAY SWITCH

 Press the 3 way switch on the GSM-Based Air-conditioning Unit Controller to
ON/OFF the ACU.
 The 3 way switch is located in front of GBAC.
2.) START USING PHONE
 Text ACON/ACOFF only to turn ON/OFF the ACU.
3.) MONITORING
 Text STATUS only to monitor the current situation of the ACU.
4.) TEXTING LOAD
 Use any regular load for better and longer use of monitoring.
5.) CHARGING OF THE BATTERY
 Make sure that the lithium ion battery is removed from the device.
 Charge the battery within 5 hrs.
6.) SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
 Do not overcharge the lithium ion battery.
 Use the designated charger for the battery.
 Do not place the device on hot places to prevent overheating.
 Used the device in a window typed ACU only with a rating not greater than 2
Horsepower.
 51

Appendix D

Suggestions and Recommendation of the Panels

Name of Panel Recommendations Action Remarks

Taken
Engr. Lorenzo Remove some features included in
Bacani situational analysis

Past tense format

Manuscript
Include the limitation of the device is Revised Revisions done
Improve the user’s manual

Add seminars and training attended in the

curricular vitae

Engr. Ronald Use power supply instead of battery

Ayson
Situational analysis must have a big
impact to the reader

Limitation of the device

Insert what type of network used Manuscript Revisions done

Consider the signal strength instead of the is Revised
range

Insert Flow chart

Improved the single line diagram

Block diagram of RTC and Arduino Uno
must not located at the appendix

Engr. Gina Situational analysis must focused on the

Sabado idea
Manuscript
Revisions done
is Revised
Find a cheaper magnetic contactor
 52

Insert all the materials used

Engr. Mark Improve the Block Diagram Manuscript Revisions done

Edison Fernandez Insert Flow Chart is Revised

Where are my recommendations?

Appendix E

Gantt Chart

2019
 53

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Conceptualize problem                        
Title                        
Revision of the title                        
Finding adviser                        
Making the research                        
Revision of the research                        
Mock defense                        
Finding panel                        
Title defense                        
Canvassing of materials                        
Purchasing of materials                        
Testing of the product                        
Revision of the product                        
Final defense                        
Final research paper                        

JA MA AP JU SE OC
N FEB R R MAY JUN L AUG P T NOV DEC
Making of the Product                        
Testing of the Product                        
Making the research paper  
Revision of the research paper  
Final Defense  
Final Research Paper  
2020

CURRICULUM VITAE

CABADING, LEOMAR F.
Home Address: #17 Saoay, San Fernando City, La Union
Contact Number: 095671666027
E-mail Address: leomar712345@gmail.com
 54

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University
Mid La Union Campus, San Fernando City, La Union
Secondary LA FINN’S SCHOLASTICA
Biday, San Fernando City, La Union
2011-2015
Primary MAMELTAC COMMUNITY SCHOOL
Mameltac, San Fernando City, La Union
2005-2011

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: May 18, 1999

Place of Birth: ITRMC
Age: 21
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Gender: Male
Language Spoken: English, Filipino, Iloko
TRAINING AND SEMINAR ATTENDED:
Basic Life Support (Adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for lay Rescuers)
and First Aid Training held at Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University Mid-La
Union Campus, San Fernando City, La Union on April 24-26, 2019

2019 IIEE La Union General Membership Meeting, Technical Seminar and Product
Presentation
Ariana Hotel, Paringao, Bauang, La Union
September 16-17, 2019
AFFILIATIONS:

Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. -Council of

Student Chapters (DMMMSU-MLUC Chapter)
Key Position Held: Member for SY 2017-2020

CASUGA, JOSHUA F.
Home Address: #024 Ballay Bauang La Union
Contact Number: 09662799520
E-mail Address: josh10101@yahoo.com

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
 55

Tertiary BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University
Mid La Union Campus, San Fernando City, La Union

Secondary CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE

Sevilla, San Fernando, La Union
2011-2015

Primary BALLAY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Ballay Bauang La Union
2005-2011

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: July 10, 1998

Place of Birth: ITRMC
Age: 21
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Gender: Male
Language Spoken: English, Filipino, Iloko
TRAINING AND SEMINAR ATTENDED:
Basic Life Support (Adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for lay Rescuers)
and First Aid Training held at Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University Mid-La
Union Campus, San Fernando City, La Union on April 24-26, 2019

2019 IIEE La Union General Membership Meeting, Technical Seminar and Product
Presentation
Ariana Hotel, Paringao, Bauang, La Union
September 16-17, 2019
AFFILIATIONS:

Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. -Council of

Student Chapters (DMMMSU-MLUC Chapter)
Key Position Held: Member for SY 2017-202

LICUDINE, JONEL FLORAIN C.

Home Address: Parian, San Fernando, La Union
Contact Number: 09958421314
E-mail Address: jonellicudine@gmail.com

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
 56

Tertiary BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University
Mid La Union Campus, San Fernando City, La Union

Secondary TAGUDIN NATIONAL NATIONAL H.S.

Quirino, Tagudin Ilocos Sur
2011-2015

Primary LAS-UD ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Las-ud, Tagudin, Ilocos Sur
2005-2011

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: December 4, 1998

Place of Birth: Quezon City
Age: 21
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Catholic
Gender: Male
Language Spoken:English, Filipino, Iloko
TRAINING AND SEMINAR ATTENDED:
Basic Life Support (Adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for lay Rescuers)
and First Aid Training held at Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University Mid-La
Union Campus, San Fernando City, La Union on April 24-26, 2019

2019 IIEE La Union General Membership Meeting, Technical Seminar and Product
Presentation
Ariana Hotel, Paringao, Bauang, La Union
September 16-17, 2019
AFFILIATIONS:

Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the

Philippines, Inc. -Council of Student Chapters
(DMMMSU-MLUC Chapter)
Key Position Held: Member for SY 2017-2020
MARQUEZ, ENARD SERIL B.
Home Address:#38 Sampaguita Street, CVS, Poro, SFCLU
Contact Number: 09563322221
E-mail Address:esbmarquez@gmail.com

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
 57

Tertiary BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University
Mid La Union Campus, San Fernando City, La Union

Secondary LA UNION NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Gov. Nisce St, San Fernando, La Union
2011-2015

Primary SAINT JUDE MONTESSORI EDUCATIONAL CENTER OF LA UNION

San Fernando La Union, Pennsylvania Ave, San Fernando, La Union
2005-2011

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: June 2, 1999

Place of Birth: Bethany Hospital
Age: 20
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Gender: Male
Language Spoken: English, Filipino, Iloko
TRAINING AND SEMINAR ATTENDED:
Basic Life Support (Adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for lay Rescuers)
and First Aid Training held at Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University Mid-La
Union Campus, San Fernando City, La Union on April 24-26, 2019

2019 IIEE La Union General Membership Meeting, Technical Seminar and Product
Presentation
Ariana Hotel, Paringao, Bauang, La Union
September 16-17, 2019
AFFILIATIONS:

Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. -Council of

Student Chapters (DMMMSU-MLUC Chapter)
Key Position Held: Member for SY 2017-2020

VILLANUEVA, CHITO D.
Home Address: San Roque West, Agoo, La Union
Contact Number: 09108914435
E-mail Address:villanuevachito5@gmail.com

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
 58

Tertiary BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University
Mid La Union Campus, San Fernando City, La Union

Secondary SAINT MARY’S ACADEMY- AGOO

Agoo, La Union
2011-2015

Primary SAN JOAQUIN ELEM. SCHOOL

San Roque West, Agoo, La Union
2005-2011

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: January 14, 1999

Place of Birth: Agoo, La Union
Age: 21
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Gender: Male
Language Spoken: English, Filipino, Iloko
TRAINING AND SEMINAR ATTENDED:
Basic Life Support (Adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for lay Rescuers)
and First Aid Training held at Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University Mid-La
Union Campus, San Fernando City, La Union on April 24-26, 2019

2019 IIEE La Union General Membership Meeting, Technical Seminar and Product
Presentation
Ariana Hotel, Paringao, Bauang, La Union
September 16-17, 2019
AFFILIATIONS:

Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. -Council of

Student Chapters (DMMMSU-MLUC Chapter)
Key Position Held: Member for SY 2017-2020