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Task 1. Have you any idea what law is applied in the UK? Are the same types of law
applied in Ukraine?
Завдання Виконання
In Britain there are three sources of law – У Великобританії існує три джерела
Common Law, Equity Law and Statute права – загальне право, право власності
Law. та статутне право.
Statute Law includes both laws passed in Статутне законодавство включає як
Parliament and acts of executive organs. закони, прийняті парламентом, так і
акти виконавчих органів.
Common Law consists of a system of Загальне право складається із системи
precedents, valid for subsequent similar прецедентів, дійсних для наступних
cases. подібних випадків.
Equity Law is system of law which Право справедливості — це система
exercised by Lord Chancellor and his staff. права, яку здійснюють лорд-канцлер та
його співробітники.
Since Britain’s accession to the European Після вступу Великобританії до
Union, European Law has also become a Європейського Союзу європейське
source of the law in the United Kingdom. право також стало джерелом права у
Сполученому Королівстві.
It is found in the Unions’ treaties and Він міститься в договорах союзів і
decisions of the Union Institutions. рішеннях установ Союзу.
Завдання Виконання
Each jurisdiction has its own laws, court a.Laws that apply in one jurisdiction,
system, lawyers and judges. However: particularly if they are derived from
legislation (Acts of Parliament and
Statutory Instruments) may apply equally,
or very similarly, in other jurisdictions.
b.While the courts in each jurisdiction can
decide cases differently from those in other
jurisdictions, the final appeal for all of
them goes to the UK Supreme Court.
England and Wales operate a common law system which combines the passing of
legislation but also the creation of precedents through case law. The laws are established
by the passing of legislation by Parliament which consists of the ‘Monarch’, the House of
Commons and the House of Lords. The Court System and case law are controlled by the
judiciary which is completely separate to Parliament.
Ukrainian legal system by its nature belongs to the Romano-Germanic legal family (the
continental law system). This means that it is based on a pandect system, where the main
legislation sources are codified laws. It also has a well structured hierarchy of normative
acts.
Task 2. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the text Court System of the United
Kingdom.
a single unified judicial system – єдина уніфікована судова система
many-layered structure – багатошарова система
tribunal – трибунал
to set up – засновувати
Magistrates' Court – мировий суд, суд магістрату
Crown Court – суд корони (суд, який розглядає
кримінальні справи)
offence – правопорушення, злочин
to try – допитувати, розслідувати справу
to try a case – вести процес (про суддю) ; судити;
trial – судовий розгляд; суд; слухання справи
murder – вбивство
rape – зґвалтування
arson – підпал
armed robbery – озброєне пограбування
fraud – обман, шахрайство
county court – суд графства
High Court of Justice – Високий суд правосуддя
Queen's Bench Division – Суд королівської лави (Високого суду
правосуддя у Великобританії)
Chancery Division – канцлерське відділення (Високого суду
правосуддя у Великобританії)
Family Division – відділення у сімейних справах
(Високого суду правосуддя у
Великобританії)
to take over the judicial functions – приймати на себе судові функції
devolution cases – передача справ
Task 3. Study the sheme of the Judiciary of the UK. Mind their correct translation in
Ukrainian. Then close it and try to name the courts and the functions they perform.
Task4
Завдання Виконання
Task6
2. What are the main types of 2. The courts in Great Britain are divided into
courts in Britain? two large groups: criminal courts and civil courts.
4. What courts are the courts 4. Criminal courts are Magistrates' Courts and
of first instance of criminal Crown Courts. A magistrates' court in England
jurisdiction? and Wales is a lower court, where all the criminal
proceedings start.
7. What courts represent the 7. Civil courts include county courts as the courts
courts of the first instance of of first instance.
civil jurisdiction?
8. What courts do the civil 8. The Supreme Court serves as the highest court
appeals refer to? of appeal in England and Wales and in Northern
Ireland, and for civil cases in Scotland.
9. What are the subdivisions 9. The High Court of Justice consists of three
of the High Court of Justice? separate subdivisions: the Queen's Bench
Division, the Chancery Division and the Family
Division.
10. What instance do appeals 10. Appeals against decisions of the High Court
against decisions of the High and the Crown Court may be taken to the Court
Court and the Crown Court of Appeal.
may be taken to?
11. When was the Supreme 11. The Constitutional Reform Act 2005
Court of the United Kingdom established the new Supreme Court of the United
established? Why? Kingdom. The main reason for the establishment
of this court is to separate legislative and judicial
powers in the country.
12. What institutions did the 12. The Supreme Court replaced the House of
Supreme Court of the United Lords as the highest court in the United
Kingdom replace? Kingdom.
13. When did the Supreme 13. The Supreme Court began work in 2009, and
Court begin its work? serves as the highest court of appeal in England
and Wales and in Northern Ireland, and for civil
cases in Scotland.
Task 7. Pick out from the text all the word combinations with the following words and give their Ukrainian
equivalents.
Завдання Виконання
Court
Task 8. Make sure that you know the meaning of these words and word combinations in
Ukrainian.
murder вбивство
rape зґвалтування
arson підпал
fraud шахрайство
to have the powers of a justice of the peace мати повноваження мирового судді
Task 9. Make sure that you know the meaning of these words and word combinations
in English.
незалежні судові органи independent judiciary
передавати до вищого суду для transfer minor offenses to a higher court
розгляду незначні правопорушення for consideration
приймати на себе судові функції to assume judicial functions
більш серйозні злочини more serious crimes
суд останнього звернення court of last appeal
розділяти законодавчі та судові to separate legislative and judicial powers
повноваження
єдина уніфікована судова система a single unified judicial system
передача справ transfer of cases
розглядати серйозні справи у суді to consider serious cases in court
необмежений відповідно до статуту unlimited according to the statute
Високий суд правосуддя High Court of Justice
здійснити кримінальний злочин to commit a criminal offense
судити справу to judge a case
мати правову кваліфікацію have a legal qualification
Task 10. Translate the following sentences and pay special attention to the underlined
words or phrases.
1.One of the central principles of the legal system in England and Wales is that a
defendant is innocent until proven guilty.
2.At the preliminary level of the legal system there are magistrates’ courts which usually
deal with summary offences, indictable offences, either-way offences, criminal offences
committed by young people and some civil matters.
3.If a defendant in a Crown Court pleads “not guilty” to a criminal charge there follows a
trial, after which a jury delivers a verdict of guilty or not guilty.
4.If a defendant in a criminal case questions a jury’s verdict or a judge’s sentence, he or
she may be given leave (permission) to appeal to the Court of Appeal.
5.The legal system also includes juvenile courts (which deal with offenders under
seventeen) and coroners’ courts (which investigate violent, sudden or unnatural deaths).
6.To succeed, an appeal must usually either produce new evidence to support the
innocence of the convicted person, or show that a legal irregularity or mistake took place
during the original trial (if, for example, a judge presses a jury into giving a verdict too
quickly).
7.The Supreme Court of the UK is the court of last resort and the highest appellate court
in the United Kingdom.