In Germany, the first working steam locomotive was a rack-and-pinion engine,

similar to the Salamanca, designed by the British locomotive pioneer John

Blenkinsop. Built in June 1816 by Johann Friedrich Krigar in the Royal Berlin Iron
Foundry (Königliche Eisengießerei zu Berlin), the locomotive ran on a circular
track in the factory yard. It was the first locomotive to be built on the European
mainland and the first steam-powered passenger service; curious onlookers could
ride in the attached coaches for a fee. It is portrayed on a New Year's badge for
the Royal Foundry dated 1816. Another locomotive was built using the same system in
1817. They were to be used on pit railways in Königshütte and in Luisenthal on the
Saar (today part of Völklingen), but neither could be returned to working order
after being dismantled, moved and reassembled. On 7 December 1835, the Adler ran
for the first time between Nuremberg and Fürth on the Bavarian Ludwig Railway. It
was the 118th engine from the locomotive works of Robert Stephenson and stood under
patent protection.

First locomotive in Russia. 1834

In Russia, the first steam locomotive was built in 1834 by Cherepanovs. The first
Russian Tsarskoye Selo steam railway started in 1837.

In 1837, the first steam railway started in Austria on the Emperor Ferdinand
Northern Railway between Vienna-Floridsdorf and Deutsch-Wagram. The oldest
continually working steam engine in the world also runs in Austria: the GKB 671
built in 1860, has never been taken out of service, and is still used for special
excursions.

In 1838, the third steam locomotive to be built in Germany, the Saxonia, was
manufactured by the Maschinenbaufirma Übigau near Dresden, built by Prof. Johann
Andreas Schubert. The first independently designed locomotive in Germany was the
Beuth, built by August Borsig in 1841. The first locomotive produced by Henschel-
Werke in Kassel, the Drache, was delivered in 1848.

The first steam locomotives operating in Italy were the Bayard and the Vesuvio,
running on the Napoli-Portici line, in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

The first railway line over Swiss territory was the Strasbourg–Basle line opened in
1844. Three years later, in 1847, the first fully Swiss railway line, the Spanisch
Brötli Bahn, from Zürich to Baden was opened.