Hindu Caste System

Caste system - a social hierarchy in India that divides Hindus based on their karma and
dharma. Many scholars believe the system dates back more than 3,000 years.
The four main castes (in order of prominence) include:

1. Brahmin: The intellectual and spiritual leaders.

2. Kshatriyas: the protectors and public servants of society

3. Vaisyas: The skillful producers

4. Shudras: the unskilled laborers.

“Untouchables” – Now, known as Dalit, a class of citizens that are outside the caste system
and considered to be in the lowest level of the social hierarchy.

 For centuries, the caste system determined every aspect of a person’s social,
professional and religious status in India.
 When India became an independent nation, its constitution banned discrimination
based on caste.
 Today, the caste system still exists in India but is loosely followed. Many of the old
customs are overlooked, but some traditions, such as only marrying within a specific
caste, are still embraced.
Hindu Holidays
Hindus observe numerous sacred days, holidays and festivals.
Some of the most well-known include:

Diwali: the festival of lights

Diwali is India's biggest and most important holiday of the year. The festival gets its
name from the row (avali) of clay lamps (deepa) that Indians light outside their homes to
symbolize the inner light that protects from spiritual darkness.

Navaratri: a celebration of fertility and harvest

Navaratri (nine nights) is one of the greatest Hindu festivals. It symbolizes the triumph
of good over evil. Navratri takes place at the beginning of October around harvest time and, as
the name implies, this festival is celebrated for nine days. Navratri is also known as Durga Puja.
Holi: a spring festival
Holi is celebrated in the Indian month of Phalgun (March). Originally an agricultural
festival, it ushers in the arrival of spring, the season of hope and joy. People imitate the colors
of spring by throwing colored powder at each other and up in the air. The throwing of gulal up
in the air and at each other symbolizes friendship, unity, and a sense of revelry.
Krishna Janmashtami: a tribute to Krishna’s birthday
Krishna Janmashtami is the auspicious day when Lord Krishna took birth on this planet.
The birthday of Lord Krishna is celebrated with great fervor and zeal in India in August or
September. As per Hindu Calendar, this festival is celebrated on the 8th day of the dark
fortnight. Lord Krishna is believed to be the most powerful soul and incarnations of the Lord
Vishnu.

Raksha Bandhan: a celebration of the bond between brother and sister

In Sanskrit, Raksha Bandhan means 'tie of protection.' On this festive day, the sister ties
a Rhaki bracelet made of silken threads of red and gold, to her brother's wrist, praying for his
health. The brother responds by vowing to protect her. The sentiment is to renew and
strengthen the filial bond of peace and love. During the ceremony, sacred verses from Hindu
scriptures are spoken.
Maha Shivaratri: the great festival of Shiva
Maha Shivaratri is one of the most significant Hindu festivals that celebrate the
convergence of Lord Shiva and Goddess Shakti. Maha Shivaratri is observed by remembering
Lord Shiva and chanting mantras, prayers, and fasting. Devotees of Lord Shiva keep awake all
night chanting mantras and prayers.