Name: WENSLY S.

TAGAPUEN
Course: Contemporary Approaches to Values Education – MA 217

FINAL EXAMINATION

1. What are the forms of Ethical Analysis? Which of the approaches applies to you as teachers and how do
you distinguish ethical actions as right or wrong.
Answer:
There are three forms of ethical analysis; the consequentialist theories, non-consequentialist theories and
agent-centered theories. These forms of ethical analysis are consist of different approaches that helps in
decision making. The approach that applies to me as a teacher is the Common good approach. This
approach refers to the action that are taken or policies that are put in to place in order to benefit not only an
individual or group, but the society as a whole. As a teacher, we can apply this approach in our class. We
can distinguish ethical actions as right or wrong through the action taken by the individuals or through the
policies implemented. If we follow or obey the rules and policies being implemented then you are being
right but if we disobey and do something that is not acceptable you are being wrong. For example, a learner
is always absent and low in performance. The learner is considered failed or dropped out but because
teachers are following guidelines on conducting intervention for students at risk of dropping out the
learner’s situation is taken in consideration. The teacher will conduct home visitation and give
supplementary learning materials that will help the learner to cope up with the lesson.

2. State the two (2) types of Ethical Theories of Utilitarianism and how do you relate it in your
experiences?
Answer:
The two types of utilitarianism are Act Utilitarianism and Rule Utilitarianism. Act Utilitarianism refers
to the theory that morality of an action is determined by its usefulness to the people. Hence, if such a right
act has an outcome that is beneficial to most people, then it is considered morally right mainly because it
brings greater happiness or good to the majority of the people. For example, As a small school the number
of textbooks that can we provide to students are limited only. This school year, the number of enrollees has
been doubled so not all students can get textbooks. To solve the problem, I grouped my learners as sharing
buddies so that all learners will have refences. All learners are gained from the action taken.
Rule Utilitarianism refers to the theory that an action can be morally right if it conforms to the rules that
will lead to the greatest good or happiness. Therefore, the greater good or happiness can be achieved by
following and adhering to the correct rules that apply to all equally. For example, I allowed my pupils to
play during lunch break outside the classroom but they should follow the rules. I set rules to the learners to
avoid them from getting hurt while playing. The rules are no climbing trees and other objects, avoid teasing
your classmates and be safe. The learners followed the rules so that they will not get hurt and enjoy their
play.

3. Morality affects situational ethics in ways that the action is considered positive or negative. How will
this approach apply to you?
Answer:
In situational ethics, moral judgements are decision not conclusion. Situation ethics is sensitive
to circumstances, context, particularity, and cultural traditions. Every moral decision is required to
demonstrate respect for individuals and communities and the things that they regard as valuable. As a
teacher, I apply this at work because it helps me in understanding the situations of my learners. For
example, one of my pupils is always absent. Before giving him/her a failed grade or dropping him out, I
should investigate first what is happening to my pupil before deciding.
 4. Based on R.A.7836, P.D. No. 223 and R.A. 4670, select an article or section that best fitted to protect
your actions, rights and academic freedom.
Answer:

Based on R.A. 7836 or the Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994 Sec. 23 or the
Revocation of the Certificate of Registration, Suspension from the Practice of Teaching Profession and
Cancellation of Temporary or Special Permit the board shall have the power, after due notice and hearing, to
suspend or revoke the certificate of registration of any registrant, to reprimand or to cancel the
temporary/special permit of a holder thereof who is exempt from registration, for any bad actions done by the
registrant. This republic act is for teachers who are unethical at work or doing immorality or bad things that is
not beneficial to the learners, co-workers and the community.

Based on R.A. 4670 or the Magna Carta for Public School Teachers Section 5 Tenure of Office
wherein it ensures the stability of employment and security of tenure of teachers. Section 8 Safeguards in
Disciplinary Procedures explains that teachers have the right to enjoy equitable safeguards at each stage of any
disciplinary procedures. The teacher has the right to defend him/herself in every disciplinary procedure.

5. Choose one (1) of the approaches – Trait Approach, Values Clarification Approach and Role Play
Approach in which one could clearly describe your disposition in life as a teacher.
Answer:
As a teacher, the best approach that I apply to my work is the values clarification approach
because this is a method whereby a person can discover his or her own values by assessing, exploring and
determining what those personal values are and how they affect personal decision making. This approach can
help teachers to be flexible in coping with each learner.

6. Enumerate the four (4) stages of cognitive development. Be able to describe each stage and give your
opinions and experiences about this.
Answer:
There are four stages of cognitive development. First is the Sensorimotor stage wherein the age
bracket of this is from birth to 2 years old or what we called infancy. In this stage, the coordination of the
senses with motor action, memory, intellectual and language are starting to develop. For example, my baby
is 1 year and 9 months. I observed that he develops the coordination of his senses with his motor action such
as walking, jumping and running. His memory is also developed. He knows where an object is placed even
if he see it for just one time.
The second stage is the preoperational stage from 2 years old to 7 years old or what we called
toddler and early childhood. In this stage, the child begins to use symbols and language. This stage is
divided into 2 sub-stages; 1. Preconceptual stage where the age bracket is from 2-4 years old. This sub-
stage uses more symbols to stand for actions than speech. The second sub-stage is the Intuitive stage
where the age bracket is from 4-7 years old. In this sub-stage, the child has increased use of speech.
They can tell what they see or feel.
The third stage of cognitive development is the concrete operational stage. The age bracket of
this stage is from 7-12 years old or the Childhood and Early Adolescence. In this stage, the child develops
the appropriate use of logic. The important process during this stage are Seriation, Transitivity,
Classification, Decentring, Reversibility, Conservation and Elimination of Egocentrism. Seriation is the
ability of the child to sort objects in order according to their characteristics. Transitivity is the ability of the
child to recognize logical relationships among elements in a serial order. Classification is the ability of the
child to group objects together. Decentring is the ability of the child to take multiple aspects of a situation
into account. Reversibility is the ability of the child to understand that numbers or objects can be changed,
then returned to their original state. Conservation is the ability of a child to understand that the quantity,
length or number of items is unrelated to the arrangement of appearance of the object or item. Elimination
of Egocentrism is the ability of the child to view things from another’s perspective. As a grade 1teacher, I
observed that these abilities are being developed in this age brackets.
The last stage of cognitive development is the Formal operational stage. The age bracket of this
stage is from 12 years old and above or the Adolescence to Adulthood. In this stage, the person’s ability to
think and understand is in more complex level. Critical thinking and reasoning is being develop and
continue to develop until death.

7. Why would the five (5) Basic elements of Emotional Intelligence that is needed in every aspect of a
professional. How would these be directed?
Answer:
The five basic elements of emotional intelligence that is needed in every aspect of a professional
are social skills, motivation, empathy, self-regulation and self-awareness. Social skills is needed to develop
good communication skills. Motivation helps us to work consistently to reach our goals. Empathy is needed
to understand the feelings of others. Self-regulation helps us in staying in control with the things that
challenges our temper. Self-awareness is needed to know ourself, to know our strength and weakness and to
develop it.