Selfies: The Good, The Bad and The Irritating

New Streams in English
Grade 12
Grade 12
General and Life Sciences
Jamal Aoun
Hamad Shehayeb Ali El Khishen Rania Hamadeh
Mohammad Nazzal Grace Akkari Souad Bittar
Joumana Obeid Batoul Saad Chantal Aflak
Nour Shahine Fida Abi Karam
Consultants
Louis Zeidan Dr. Tharwat Dabaja
Fatima Bazzi Anwar Kawtharani Nisrine Sinjab
Socrates Publishers
UNIT ONE: Current Issues
Lesson One: Selfies: the Good, the Bad

and the Downright Irritating
Connecting to the theme

Questions 1 and 2 personal responses so answers may vary.
Approaching the Text
1. d
2.b
3. d
4. c
Comprehending the Author’s Ideas
1- Paragraph 4 develops the idea of Narcissism. The writer shows how the
selfie generation focuses only on looks, tries to perfect their images, and
views themselves as objects based on physical values and appearance.
2- Emphasizing on the external look weakens one’s self-esteem as people will
only consider others’ opinions of their looks on social media expressed
by ‘likes’ and ‘tweets’. This eventually leads to unhappiness since it all
depends on seeking approvals from others.
3- Dr. Linda Papadopoulos describes how young people get addicted to /caught
up in online presence to gain approval by others as collective judgement,
which leads to these youth’s loss of individuality. Thus, they may live in a
maze or a dilemma. She advises them to reconsider who they are in reality
and not in the virtual world of the online status and profile.
4- In paragraph 4,the writer states that ‘ an image-centric social media
platform, such as Facebook, can cause depressive symptoms. ’A user tries
to compare him/herself to others ,so s/he posts flawless images , removes
unattractive pictures and forgets that s/he is in a virtual world. Thus, s/he
feels inferior to others, which makes him/her feel depressed.
5- In paragraphs 10 and 11,the writer shows the other side of the coin as
taking group selfies with friends is a good way to build strong friendships
and create memories. Besides, selfies are a channel of expressing oneself,
especially as an emotional outlet in some caese, like those of teens.
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Analyzing Stylistic Features

1- Paragraphs 1,2and 3 are the introduction of the above text. The writer uses
the general-to- specific technique to introduce her text/ideas about how
selfies are spreading to become a part of cultures- in paragraph 1, then she
resorts to an anecdote about Essena O’Neill whose life was badly affected
by online presence in paragraph 3 before she defines selfies and ends with
the shocking statistics of daily-taken selfies.
2- The text is thematically divided into an introduction about selfies(paragraphs
1,2 and 3),narcissism(paragraphs 4,5,6, and 7),selfies on social media
(paragraphs 8 and 9),selfies with friends(paragraphs 10 and 11), selfie
safety(paragraph 12) and the verdict in the conclusion(paragraph 13).
3- Paragraph 8 provides background information about different studies
conducted on social media platforms, such as Facebook, and their
consequences on heavy users. The paragraph supports the negative
outcomes of the virtual world and flawless existence.
4- Many types of audience/readers might find a great interest in the text
above, among whom are sociologists, psychologists parents, social media
users…..The text enriches their knowledge of the ‘ the good, the bad and
the downright irritating’ of selfies…
5- It is optimistic/hopeful/encouraging and advisory. The writer rounds up
her text by saying that ‘selfies are fun and harmless,’ and ‘another way to
have fun in the digital age’. She advises parents to interfere in critical
cases only.
6-
a. their :users’
b. this: seeking approval and affirmation from others
c. this: being caught up in online presence/gaining virtual status and approval
d. them: teenagers
Developing Skills
1. In paragraph 4 of the text ‘Selfies : the Good, the Bad and the Downright
Irritating’ , the writer informs the reader that many people are worried
about and even obsessed with creating a perfect persona through posting a
‘well-established’ selfie.
2.
a. approval b. curate c. flawless d. reputation
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3. Addiction to Selfies
If you’ve taken up to three selfies today, consider yourself nuts. At least, in
the eyes of the American Psychiatric Association and countless others, who
are igniting a global movement to recognize that an addiction to selfies can be
indicative of a mental disorder. We all know that certain someone who is in-
tent on capturing every waking moment with a duck-faced selfie. They even
have that one specific expression set aside, ready to plaster it on in a whim the
very second an iPhone is pulled out. It never seems concerning until you look
through a compiled, endless list of someone’s Instagram selfies – and even
then, it could be more funny than worrisome. Now I’m not one to typically
draw concern towards trivial matters, especially something that sounds as
ridiculous as an addiction to self-portraits.
You’d never expect to learn that Vincent Van Gogh had been considered men-
tally unstable – oh wait, never mind. I personally never understood the fasci-
nation with snapping pictures of myself at every semi-interesting moment of
my day – maybe I’m too ugly to consider it.
Lesson 2: Beating the Odds, and a Storm, to Get a Transplant

It was the best possible news, at the worst possible time
Connecting to the Theme
A. Answers vary (Personal responses)
B. Many organs can be donated among which are the kidneys, the liver,
the heart, the lung, the pancreas,…..

1. a
2. c
3. a
Comprehending the Author’s Point of View
1- Natalie had a liver failure after she experienced histocytosis, a rare disease
that developed after her gallbladder and half of her liver were removed,
and as all the drugs/medicine didn’t work for her.
2- There are many problems among which are the delay of liver operation in
Nevada, the difficulty of obtaining a liver from small children(implied),the
busy schedule at the hospital, and the trauma case that took priority that
time.
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3- It deteriorates if not transplanted within 12 hours of being removed (Para.

14).
4- It highlights humanitarian values reflected in the community spirit that the
story shows. Both fostering/adopting a child and donating organs reflect
human concern and critical/emotional conditions. ‘Mr. Dreeland weeps in
the church service for the child who died’ and whose liver was donated to
Natalie. This all reflects sympathy and cooperation.
5- Dr. Tomoaki Kato, Natalia’s surgeon, was in deep conflict because the
deceased donor was only 2 years old, and Natalia is nearly 5, so she is
small for her age ; but a perfect match means the right blood type and size.
However, size in no more a problem due to Natalia’s abdominal scars.
Moreover, healthy organs from small children are not often available, and
he felt losing the great and only opportunity due to the several delays of
the operation.
1- They are both related in the fact that they both state a conflict. The title
reflects the challenge that the Greelands confront to save their daughter,
and the subtitle shows the conflict/paradox ‘best possible news’ or getting
a liver donated, and ‘worst possible time’ since it is difficult to get the
transplant accomplished because of Hurricane Sandy.
2-The writer uses the specific- to- general technique as he starts with the
dramatic event of Hurricane Sandy that strikes the same moment the
Dreelands receive a call from the hospital about the transplant news. This
technique grabs the reader’s attention to the conflict that the story develops,
and whether the Dreelands would be able to beat the odds or not.
3- Paragraph 5 provides background knowledge and support to Para. 4
about the Dreelands and their fostered children as well as it elaborates on
Natalie’s character, so we feel sympathy to her.
3- It is problem-solution. Paragraph 7 states the problem of liver failure
and paragraphs 8 and 9 present the solution incorporated in the hope of
a transplant. Paragraph 8 also links Paragraphs7 and 9, and so may be
considered a transitional as well, whereas Paragraph 9 elaborates on the
solution.
4- The tone reflected is pessimistic then it changes to optimistic. At first,
companies decline the request of carrying the liver from Nevada, which
means declining the organ and losing hope of Natalie’s survival. Later, we
learn that somebody can do the job by flying the organ, so hope is regained.
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5. a)Chronology(Time order).The indicators are ‘early Monday, soon, at,

about 5:00’
b) Spatial order. The indicators are ‘offshore, at Teterboro, up to the hospital,
off to the operation room.
7. a. It(Para. 4) waiting in the hospital room anxiously/anxiety
b. they(Para, 6) :drugs
c. this(Para. 10) : having a healthy liver from a small child
d. it (Para. 16) : complication of drugs /complicated regimen of drugs
Developing Skills
1.
a .underlying
b. trauma
c. foster/adopt
d. priority
2 –Donations and Transplantations
Donations from deceased persons should be developed to their maximum
therapeutic potential avoiding, whenever possible, the inherent risks to live
donors, as stated in WHO Guiding Principle 3. There is a recognized need
for communities, and health professionals, to become better educated about
donation and transplantation and that is the key to the success of deceased
donation programs.
However, despite the frequent use of materials donated from deceased donors,
the donations from living donors are necessary for some types of transplants
or to compensate for the limited supply of material available from deceased
donors in order to meet patients’ needs. Living donation is thus practiced
despite the fact that it involves risks for the donor that may not be negligible.
As the procurement of human material for transplantation from deceased
or living donors and the subsequent allogeneic transplantation may entail
ethical and safety risks for both the recipient and the donor, strict controls and
effective oversight should be carried out by the health authorities to protect
them. The Guiding Principles mandate optimal care for donors and recipients.
The transparent oversight of the health authorities over donation and
transplantation activities is also essential to increase the trust of the public
in the system. In addition, the decision to be a donor is often based on the
understanding that a contribution to the availability of transplant resources
may someday benefit the health needs of the donor’s family.
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WRITING TECHNIQUE
Introductory Paragraphs and Conclusions

• Constituents of an Introductory Paragraph
Introduction: Triangle of techniques
1st Hook 1 mini title
Such as effects
Definition, Citation, Statistics,

2nd Lead-in-Sentence
Questions
3rd Thesis
Statement Controlling Idea 1 Controlling Idea 2 Controlling Idea 3
• Application
Activity 1: Consider the following introduction of a two-body paragraph
essay.
1. Identify the thesis statement and the controlling ideas.
The thesis statement which sets the roadmap for the whole text/essay is
“Robots have proved to be vital and essential in the social, environmental,
and medical fields.” This thesis statement displays the controlling ideas
which will be developed in each body paragraph, and they are “social
benefits”, “environmental benefits”, and “medical benefits”.
1. Based on the thesis statement, what will the topic sentence be about in
each body paragraph?
Based on the thesis statement, the topic sentence in the first body paragraph
will be about the social benefits, the one for body paragraph 2 will be about
the environmental benefits, and the topic sentence for body paragraph 3
will be about the medical benefits.
2. What type of introductory paragraph is this?
This is a quotation introduction which introduces the topic/subject,
presents key terms, and provides a thesis statement which helps the reader
know what the whole text will be about.
3. Provide a suitable conclusion.
Answers will vary, but students should make sure that their conclusion
serves one of the following forms and their functions à
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Form 1: Restating the Thesis Statement + Providing the Author’s Opinion

Form 2:Restating the Thesis Statement + Giving a Piece of Advice
Form 3: Restating the Thesis Statement + Suggesting Solutions
Form 4: Restating the Thesis Statement + Presenting a Future Vision
Form 5: Restating the Thesis Statement + Opening a New Horizon
Activity 2: Read the following essay, and answer the questions that follow.
1. What type of introduction is used in the above text and what functions
does it serve?
The author utilizes a quotation introduction since he/she initiated his/her
introductory paragraph with a quotation related to the theme, and this
introduction introduces the subject matter and topic, arouses the reader’s
interest enticing him/her to continue reading, and provides the thesis
statement.
2. Identify the function of the concluding paragraph.
The conclusion sums up and wraps up the text andposes questions to open
a new horizon and arouse the readers’ interest.
3. Why does the author use a lot of questions in the conclusion?
The author poses a series of questions to open a new horizon and arouse
the readers’ interest.
4. Based on the above text, what are the advantages and disadvantages of
globalization?
Based on the above text, advancement of technology and the growth of
economy are the advantages, while widening the gap between rich and
poor and losing original life styles are the disadvantages.
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Assessment Test
Time allotted: 100 minutes
Part One: Reading (Score: 11/20)
Read the following text in which the writer Charesse James show the case of a
victim who texts behind the wheel. When you are done with the reading, work
on the questions that follow.
Intexticated Driving
1. Kristan Reed, 18, was driving to a birthday party in March when she
decided to text a message to a friend. She swerved off her side of the
road, narrowly missing mailboxes, and slammed her Toyota Camry into a
concrete barrier. The front and left sides of her car were entirely crushed,
and she had to crawl out of the passenger window to escape.
2. “I used to text while driving all the time,” Reed said. “I knew it was
dangerous and I never thought that I would crash. If my parents had
known, they would have killed me.”
3. Teens and adults are increasingly learning the consequences of texting
while driving. While deaths due to drunk driving has decreased, DWT, or
driving while texting, has become a leading threat to young lives. Since
the first documented crash in Colorado in 2005, there have been numerous
text-related car accidents. Although no one has done an official study on
how teenagers text while driving, a survey by nationwide Insurance Co.
estimates that 19 percent of all rivers text messages behind the wheel,
with 35 percent of them between the ages of 18 and 27.
4. Reed feels lucky to be alive after her texting accident and was startled by
how fast the accident occurred.
5. “It was just ‘Happy Birthday Dylan.’ It was so short,” Reed said, of her
message. “I wasn’t hurt, but I was scared out of my mind. I had only
looked away for a minute – a minute max.”
6. All existing state laws concerning cell phones forbid the use of hand-
held device, but do not explicitly ban text messaging behind the wheel.
According to a 2007 Zogby online poll, 83 percent of people agreed that
text messaging while driving should be illegal. Also, 48 percent of adults
between the ages of 18 and 27 would support a ban on texting while
driving.
7. One DWT crash made headlines in June. Seventeen-year-old Bailey
Goodman and her four friends were driving at night to Goodman’s vacation
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home in western New York. Wearing seatbelts and driving 60 miles per
hour in her SUV, Goodman would up the two-lane highway. Suddenly,
she swerved out of her lane and into oncoming traffic, colliding head-on
with a tractor-trailer and bursting into flames. Nine people who witnessed
her car burning called 911, but neither Goodman nor her friends survived.
8. Police searched for one month for the exact cause of this tragic crash,
according to an article in the New York Times. They considered speeding,
driving inexperience, and numerous distractions Goodman had while
travelling up in the dark highway, but none explained the swiftness of the
accident. Finally, they found the reason: her cell phone.
9. Within seconds of the accident, Goodman had received text messages at
10.05 p.m. and had looked away from the road to respond at 10.06 p.m.,
the Rochester police told the New York Times.
10. Although this lesson came too late for Bailey, Goodman and her friends,
police, politicians, and teens across the country hope that people will learn
from these texting tragedies.
11. “I would never consider driving while texting again,” Reed said. “It was
probably one of the dumbest things I had ever done. I knew it was wrong,
and did it anyway. Trust me, I’ve learned my lesson.
Ø Questions
A. Answer the following questions in 1 – 4 sentences using your own
words and style. (Score: 01 each)
1. Identify the two main reasons behind car crashes caused by text messaging
while driving.
2. Show how Kristan Reed’s case is similar to Bailey Goodman’s and how
it differs from it, too.
3. Refer to the above text to explain in one sentence how a tragedy could be
a lesson to others.
B. Answer the following organization questions in 1 – 4 sentences.
(Score: 1.5 each)
1. What is the thematic relation between paragraphs 8 and 9? List 2 examples
on how James achieves credibility in the above text.
2. Infer the relationship between the introductory and concluding paragraphs.
How does the writer link them?
3. Describe the writer’s tone reflected by Reed’s words in the last paragraph.
Justify your answer.
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C. Determine the pattern of organization of the following sentences.

Mention the indicators. (Score: 01)
1. Paragraph 6, sentence 3 {Also, 48 percent …. while driving.}
2. Paragraph 9, all {Within seconds …. told the New York Times.}
D. Summarize paragraph 3 in one sentence. (Score: 1.5)
E. The following sentences are false because they misinterpret
information implied in the article. Rewrite each sentence correctly.
(Score: 01)
1. There are no laws that prohibit the use of mobile phone and texting while
driving in U.S.A.
2. The police immediately knew that responding to a text message was the
main cause behind the death of Goodman and her friends.
Part Two: Writing (Score: 09/20)
Very often and in the name of overprotecting and loving our adolescents,
many parents spoil them by giving them unnecessary cell phones, cars, or
extra pocket money, and consequently subject their lives to danger or harm.
In an essay of 250 – 300 words, discuss the above statement, focusing on the
case of an adolescent you have known or heard about, who was totally spoilt
due to his parents’ irresponsible and immature behavior and protection. Give
your essay a suitable title.
Make sure that, in your introduction, you put your reader in the general
atmosphere of your topic and clearly provide a thesis statement, and that
each of your body paragraphs starts with a topic sentence which you back up
with relevant supporting details. Draft, revise, and proofread your essay. Your
writing will be assessed for ideas, language and style, and tidiness.
(Score: 05 for content, 03 for language and style, and 01 for tidiness and
legible handwriting)
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Answer Key
A)1.The two reasons are stated in paragraph 2, 3 and 6. Teens, like Kristan
Reed (par, 2, 3) ,never think of the dire result of texting while driving.
In addition, the existing laws do not explicitly ban text messaging while
driving.(01)
2. In both cases we have car crashes due to text messages. However, in the
first case (Reed’s), Kristan remained alive, while in the second, Goodman
paid her life.(01)
3.The mere fact of losing someone you love or a relative may spread awareness
.Besides,it is a good reason to think wisely and avoid texting behind the
wheel .It is a lesson taught to others after a tragedy. (01)
B) 1. It is case-illustration because the writer explains in details how the
accident took place.
The writer achieves credibility by using real life examples (Reed’s and
Goodman).(1.5)
2. He also resorts to some statistics in par. 3 and 6. 19 percent / 35 percent /
48 percent / 83 percent. The writer starts with Kristan Reed’s problem and
ends with a solution to her problem. In this sense, it is a cyclic relationship;
it starts with Reed and ends with Reed.He links them by using the indirect
links which are the subject pronouns I and it – repetition of some words
driving and texting. (1.5)
3. Reed’s words in the concluding paragraph reveal a tone of remorse, regret,
but mature thinking resulting from a personal experience. She has learned
her lesson and will not repeat such a heedless behavior on the road. Thus,
her tone is informal and personal.(1.5)
C) 1. addition {also}(0.5)
2. time order {within seconds}(0.5)
D) Charesse James in paragraph 3 believes that teens and adults have almost
learned how dangerous text messaging while driving is, especially after
the dramatic increase of text-related accidents that claimed the lives of
many.(1.5)
E) 1.Existing laws ban the ban use of cell phone while driving, but do not
explicitly prohibit texting behind the wheel.(0.5)
2.The police checked different premises behind the fatal tragedy expect for
text messaging and discovered the real cause a month later.(0.5)
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UNIT TWO: Environmental Issues and Natural Phenomena
Lesson One: World Leaders in Paris for Climate-rescue Summit

Answers may vary.
1. b
2. c
3. b and c
A.
1. The preliminary intention behind Paris conference is to build an agreement
to ward off calamitous global warming and to limit the emission of
the greenhouse gases that are undoubtedly responsible for the climate
change.
2. Actually, the outcome will be fatal unless action is taken urgently for
mankind will inevitably face devastating events such as droughts that
might threaten low-lying island nations.
3. The nations that have submitted voluntary action plans on how they would
tackle global warming indicates a significant advancement of the ultimate
conference, but such a progress needs urgent efforts to accomplish a
promising result of lessening two degrees Celsius; otherwise, severe
impacts of global warming will take place.
4. This means that the protestors have no other choice but to preserve their
own planet from the industrial peril and keep it for the next generation.
This could be achieved by obliging the world leaders to put aside their
differences and forging an agreement to use clean energy to save the planet.
5. It can be inferred that narrow economic and political interests and
differences still give deaf ear to the worldwide protests against climate
change. Despite that, they could achieve something valuable that they
oblige the major responsible countries to set out global scientific plan that
is labeled under the Paris Agreement to avoid the peril of climate change.
6. The developed countries concur to implement this convention by meeting
every five years to set more ambitious scientific goals under perspective
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commitments and to report each other and the public on how to be

implemented to achieve a long-term goal through a healthy transparency
and liable system.
7. The EU could achieve such an initial step through building a broad union of
developed and developing countries in favor of high ambition that shaped
the successful outcome of the Paris conference and its ratification to reduce
emissions.
B.
1. Developing nations condemn the developed countries for their economic
global dominance.
2. The protestors gathered out in London’s Hyde Park to dissent against the
wrong policy the developed countries adopt for climate change.
● Analyzing Stylistic Features
1. Both paragraphs signify the introduction of the text which is general to
specific type. This technique introduces the thesis statement that is a Paris
Agreement is set to stave off the calamitous global warming and limit the
emission of greenhouse gases blamed for climate change. It also grabs
the reader’s attention to be fully aware of the peril ahead, arouses his/her
curiosity to know the outcomes behind such a conference, and puts him/
her in the general atmosphere of the thorough discussion of the severity of
the issue of global warming.
2. The title is, in fact, eye-catching in which a summit is held in in Paris
as a new chance to find an urgent solution for climate change to rescue
humanity. Such a title is foreshadowing for the serious decisions that might
arise from that summit or might be taken by those leaders.
3. It is that of contrast and could be a problem-solution in which paragraph
11 sheds light on a serious protest against the economic and political
steps implemented by the developed countries and eventually contribute
to climate change. In paragraph 12, this protest imposes a response from
those leaders by adopting a scientific plan to achieve a long-term target to
save the planet.
4. The writer uses quotations,” studies and statistics (with evidence from
the above paragraphs) and to support his idea and achieve credibility and
objectivity and add to his text a big touch of authenticity.
5. The writer’s tone in paragraph 11 is pessimistic, angry, and critical. In this
paragraph, he shows his pessimism and anger because of the gloomy future
of the planet that is threatened by climate change, and his criticism for the
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economic and political interests that turn deaf ear regardless of the drastic
outcomes. But this tone changed in paragraph 12 to be optimistic, hopeful
and encouraging where the writer encourages such protests to change the
reality and implant a big hope for the forthcoming generation, and this is
implemented in the conference decisions.
6. It is that of Result: “Limiting global warming” …. “this plan is due to enter
into force in 2020”….
● Developing Skills
I.
Paragraph Word Meaning
4 tortuous highly complex
7 vulnerable defenseless; weak
8 inevitable indispensable ; unavoidable
12 insidious dangerous
13 extenuating mitigating; justifying
18 ratification agreement
19 victimizing abusing; exploiting
II. The writer in paragraph 19 warns us that global warming is a serious threat
that has become inevitable and might end our existence if we continue
victimizing nature and stay unaware of such a calamity that the future
generation will pay its big price.
III..
Paris Climate Summit
The Problem The Solution
Emission of huge amount of World Union and cooperation to

greenhouse gases that threatens limit the symptoms of that peril in
man’s existence on this planet Paris Convention.
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Lesson Two: Earth Is Experiencing a Warming Spurt

Answers may vary.
1. b
2. c
3. c
A.
1. The writer cites three different natural phenomena: El Niño, La Niña and
PDO.
2. The two contrasting phases of PDO are the global warming phase that
leads to the rapid increase in global surface temperatures, and the cool
phase that has strong winds which bury more heat beneath sea surfaces and
cause slight cooling of the planet from 1940s to the 1970s. It seems that the
warm phase is more threatening than the cool phase.
3. Trenberth considers the slowdown warming rate a “pause” or “hiatus”, and
the recent studies done in this respect show that it was slightly noticeable
and its impact had imprecise statistics on natural variability, and, he,
consequently, suggests ignoring such an argument in this point.
4. The writer clarifies/demonstrates this point of warmth through the impact
of the warm phase of PDO and El Niño together on the planet and the
changes between El Niño and La Niña events that directly reflect their
negative warming effects on Earth.
5. Scientists believe that PDO will have no effect on global warming in the
forthcoming future which will rise due to pollution levels. They expect
more intense heat during the years ahead and, consequently, a wild weather
will take place.
6. It’s obvious that our planet is vulnerable to all kinds of natural fluctuations,
and , currently, its recorded level of temperature is extremely awful and
year 2016 is a real live example of such horrible climatic variability that
might drive scientists to be baffled in this era.
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1. The writer introduces his text using general to specific type of introductory
paragraphs. This technique introduces the thesis statement that is shown
through the effects of El Niño and the cycle pacific ocean on climate
change. It also grabs the reader’s attention towards new natural phenomena
that might have a severe impact on the climate, arouses his/her curiosity to
study such phenomena and come up with proper outcomes, and puts him/
her in the general atmosphere of the thorough discussion of the severity of
the issues of global phenomena such as El Niño, La Niña and PDO.
2. The tone of the writer in paragraphs 8 and 9 is objective, formal, neutral
and gloomy at the same time because he conveys the real impact of the
studies done about the natural phenomenon of PDO that might produce a
blurry and gloomy image for the severe fluctuations on this planet.
3. It’s that of cause-effect. Paragraphs 7 and 8 show the slowdown in surface
warming rates as a cause, and paragraph 9 denotes the effect of the above
slowdown that is responsible about the natural variability.
4. The writer in the above text resorts to facts, recent studies and experts’
testimonies about El Nino to support and confirm his point of view and
to achieve objectivity and credibility and add to his text a big touch of
authenticity.
5. Such questions shed light on skepticism, doubt and uncertainty to show
conformity of specific facts and conclusions related to natural phenomena
such as El Niño and La Niña.
6. The writer achieves COHERENCE using the logical sequence of ideas
mentioned in the body paragraphs of the text. (select some evidence).
Developing Skills
1. Skim paragraphs 13, 14, and 15, and then fill in the graphic organizer
below. Using phrases only.
Disasters
Types of Phenomenon Effects of Phenomenon
• Out breaking of floods, storms, and
El Nino unseasonable temperature
• Warming the planet
· Driving changes in PDO cycle
La Nina
· Demonstrating a transitional time period
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Negative: 1. Warming levels for periods

1. Cooling the planet from 1940s to 1970s
PDO Positive: 1. Making changes in the short
running cycle between El Niño and La Niña.
2. Never speeding up the overall and long-
term rate of global warming.
2. The writer in paragraph 10 sheds light on the cool phases of PDO where
it contributes to the warming of the oceans from one side and to the slight
cooling of the planet from the other side within intervals of time.
3.
Words Contextual Meaning
Sluggish (Parag.2) Moving slowly
Elusive (Parag. 2) Unidentifiable
Oscillation (Parag. 14) Periodically repeated phenomenon; cycle
Cumulative (parag. 13) Additive; increasing by successive addition
Prevalence (parag. 15) Being widespread
Culminated (parag. 15) Climax; reached to the highest point
WRITING TECHNIQUE
Cause-Effect Essay
Ø Questions
1. Refer back to the text to fill in the following graphic organizer.
1st Hook
«Pollution is the forerunner of perdition». This quote asserts and implies that
pollution is a serious threat to the health and well-being of all living things. Pollution
is the biggest menace to the human race on this planet today. By destroying, wrecking,
and demolishing flora and fauna life, the existence of man and nature are on the stake.
Pollution has a lot of faces for it can destroy air, water, and land by a blink of an eye.
As such, one must beware the causes of such a disaster in order to
escape its fatal effects.
3rd Thesis Pollution is an inevitable outcome of people’s misuse of natural

Statement resources and governments’ irresponsibility.
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2. What type of introduction is used in the above text, and what function does
it serve?
The author uses a quotation introduction since he/she initiated his/her
statement.
3. Underline the topic sentence in body paragraphs 1 and 2.
Topic Sentence 1:à It goes without saying that pollution is an inevitable
outcome of human beings’ abuse of Mother Nature displayed in the misuse
of resources and improper disposal of toxic wastes and oil spills.
Topic Sentence 2:à Another cause of pollution is the governments’ lack
of concern and responsibility displayed in the absence of protective laws,
lack of follow up and corruption.
4. Identify the thematic relation between body paragraphs 1 and 2, and justify
your answer.
The 1st and 2nd body paragraphs are thematically related by addition and
idea elaboration through a direct and an indirect cohesive link since the
author uses the determinative “another” which has an additive sense here
and repeats the word “cause”.
5. What is the function of the conclusion?
The conclusion sums up and wraps up the text and presents a future vision
of the world in case humans failed to take immediate measures to curb and
curtail the damage being done against Mother Nature.
6. Which method of cause-effect essay is used in the above text? Justify.
The author uses the multi-causes method since he refers to two different
causes of pollution throughout his essay.
20
Assessment Test
Part One: Reading Comprehension (Score 11/20)

Read the following report, which says that humans are endangering the
ecological environment by producing a lot of gases, which indirectly increase
the temperature of atmosphere. When you are through with the reading,
answer the questions that follow.
Global Warming
1. The causes of global warming have been largely attributed to the increasing
emissions of greenhouse gases, which, in turn, had led to the break down
of the ozone layer. In essence, greenhouse gases act like an insulator or a
protective blanket above the earth, keeping the heat in. without greenhouse
gases, the earth would be much too cold for comfort, unable to sustain life as
we know it. But the problem now is that humans are thickening the blanket
by producing a lot of gases.
2. As a result, more heat is trapped, and, scientists believe, nature’s thermostat
is nudged up. In other words, the earth’s insulator gets thicker. Therefore, too
great a concentration of greenhouse gases can have dramatic effects on climate
and significant repercussions upon the world around us. Climates suitable for
human existence don’t exist simply above some minimum threshold level of
greenhouse gas concentration; rather, they exist within a finite window – a
limited range of concentrations that make life possible.
Top Greenhouse Gas Emitters
U.S.A China Japan Brazil Germany U.K
19.1% 7.9% 5.1% 4.3% 3.1% 2.4%
3. Has the climate been really changing? The ten hottest years have all
occurred since 1980, 190, and 1995 being the hottest years on record. We
may recall that465 people died from heat-related deaths in Chicago during
the summer of 1995. Similar heat-related deaths occurred in 1995 in India;
300 people died. Earlier that same year, a giant block of ice the size of the
state of Rhode Island broke off the Larson Ice sheet in Antarctica. Melting of
the Antarctica ice sheet is an event long predicted by climate scientists as an
indication of warming atmosphere.
4. After several years of investigation, IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change (a UN task force examining the plausibility of human
induced climate change), concluded that “the balance of evidence suggested
21
a discernible human influence on global climate.” In the summer of 1997,

2600 scientists signed a petition, calling for reducing energy consumption
and preventing the onset of intense, continuous, global warming. They see
the next 100 years as a time of traumatic environmental change and project a
rise in average global temperature of about 1-3.5 degrees Celsius by the year
2100. Warming in this range is a cause for concern, if not alarm.
Energy Consumption Per capita in Millions of BTUs, 1995
U.S.A China Japan Brazil Germany U.K
335.1 171.1 169.1 162.6 33.4 33.0
5. Rising Waters, the result of melting polar icecaps and water expansion
from increasing warmth, are the most widely anticipated consequence of
a warming world. The U.N.’s IPCC projects that the world’s oceans will
rise anywhere from 15 to 95 centimeters by the year 2100. Figures as such
would rob a low-lying nation like Bangladesh of over 20 percent of its arable
land. And it could put the city of New Orleans underwater. Moreover, rising
waters would increase coastal erosion and heighten the damaging effects of
hurricanes and other coastal storms.
6. “It is like pushing the fast forward button – speeding the process,
accelerating what may be part of the natural process,” said oceanographer
Sylvia Earle. “Suppose over the next hundred years you have a rise of sea
level of two or three feet,” Earle says, “the consequential events in places as
Florida will be rather dramatic, both ecologically and economically.” Indeed,
some island nations may virtually disappear. More important will be the
impact of human health. Heat-related deaths may rise, and tropical diseases
could spread. It’s a bleak outlook, and Earle believes we must do something
to avoid it. “This is a pivot time in history of mankind, and I think as such we
should take the responsibility pretty seriously,” she says.
Questions
Ø
A. Answer the following questions in your own words in complete sentences.
1. What two ideas do the two charts in the report convey? Illustrate.
2. What two indications of global warming are mentioned in the report?
3. According to IPCC’s findings, who is to blame for the intense, continuous
global warming? Explain.
4. Identify the writer’s tone in paragraph 6.Illustrate with evidence.
5. Write a one-sentence summary of paragraph 6.
6. Explain how paragraphs 5 and 6 are thematically related.
22
B. With reference to the article, choose from the listed items below to fill
the following flowchart. (Score:01/11)
1.→ 2.→ 3.→ 4.→ 5.→ 6.→ 7.→
a. rise in sea water level
b. thickening of the protective blanket above the earth
c. increase in fuel consumption level
d. melting of polar icecap
e. lowland areas suffering dramatically
f. more emission of greenhouse gases
g. rise in average global warming
C. What type of writing is the text? Justify your answer. (Score:01/11)
D. Identify the sentence pattern of each of the following: (Score:01/11)
1. Sentence 1, paragraph 2 “As a result, more heat……..”
2. Sentence 4, Paragraph 3 “Similar heat-related deaths…….”
3. Sentence 3, paragraph 5 “Figures as such would ……”
4. Sentence 5, paragraph 6 “Heat-related deaths may …..”
E. Scan Paragraphs 4, 5, and 6 to find words that have the following
definitions: (Score:02)
1. The most important thing in a situation, system etc, which other things
depend or based on
2. To expect that something will happen and be ready for it
3. Without hope or expectation of success or improvement
4. Able to be seen, recognized, or understood
Part Two: Writing (Score: 09/20)
Not only does the last paragraph in this reading text warn readers of the
dangers of global warming, but it also asks people to “take the responsibility
pretty seriously.”
Show a number of the causes and effects of global warming, and how people
should take it seriously. Then develop the ideas into an essay of approximately
250-300 words. See that, in your introduction, you put your reader in the
general atmosphere of your topic and clearly provide a thesis statement, and
that each of your paragraphs starts with a topic sentence which you back up
with relevant supporting details. Draft, revise, and proofread your essay. Your
writing will be assessed for both ideas and form. [Score:05 for ideas, 03 for
language and style, and 01 for tidiness and legible handwriting].
23
Answer Key
A.
1. The first chart emphasizes the main cause of the global warming which
represents in these rates of greenhouse gas emissions done by different
industrial countries. While the second chart indicates the high rates of
fossil fuel consumption in 1995 as it assures the above cause of global
warming and what will bring forth under the effect of these results.
2. The two indications that global warming is on the way are:
a. Melting of the Arctic ice sheet is an event long predicted by climate
scientists.
b. Rising waters and global temperature.
3. As the IPCC quoted in paragraph 4, “the balance of evidence suggested a
discernible human influence.” This shows that they blame those emitters
of greenhouse gases for their ignoring how they do ruin this planet by
consuming a great amount of energy. So, he emphasizes that human hands
are extremely responsible for the intense, continuous global warming.
4. The writer’s tone in paragraph 6 is too pessimistic, anxious, and critical.
Earle was pessimistic throughout her expectations about the future of our
world and the disastrous effects global warming will bring with, and she
was worried about those consequential events that may become the impact
of human health. Her criticism is also shown in her blaming human-
induced activities that damage our environment daily.
5. The writer ends her article in a recommended concluding paragraph to
alert her readers from the coming inevitable effects of global warming.
She urges and advises them to take the full responsibility of that fatal
phenomenon pretty seriously to avoid it.
6. The two paragraphs elaborate the same point which represents in the so-
called figures of global warming and its miserable effects on the entire
planet which may ruin everything in its path.
B- 1. f 2. b 3.c. 4. g 5. d 6. a 7. e
(Every cause has its effect in the above list)
C. The type of the text is expository and informative in nature. The writer
aims at giving information and explaining the nature of global warming:
its causes and effects.
D. 1. Cause-effect 2. Comparison 3. Listing/Exemplification 4.cause-effect
E. 1. Onset/evidence 2. Anticipated 3. Bleak outlook 4. discernible
24
UNIT THREE: Technology
Lesson One: Is Technology Taking Over? (pages 61-67)

(Answers vary.)
1. c
2. b
3. b
1. People think the computers are doing all the work, and the pilots only take
charge in case of an emergency.
2. Auto-piloting might not be of help in case of emergency when the pilot
sees the need to do something while the computer decides something else
or even prevents the pilot from doing what he sees should be done. The
best proof is what happened with Capt. Chesley over the Hudson River.
The Captain saw the need to land, but the computer system hindered that.
3. There are two main concerns. First, people are worried that an over-reliance
on auto piloting systems will cause pilots to lose practice. Moreover, some
fear that these systems will soon replace the need for human labor.
4. Hansman sees that auto-piloting is not a myth. This dream might come
true, for technology is advancing quickly. This evolution made possible to
reduce the flight deck staff from three to two. What was taken care of by
a flight engineer is now done by the computer system. However, this still
needs to be accepted by the people.
1. The title “Is Technology Taking Over?” is a question that the text attempts
to answer. The technology that is highlighted in the text is auto piloting.
The question of whether auto piloting will reduce the number of individuals
required to work on board a flight is posed towards the end of the text.
Moreover, the author outlines the tasks that auto piloting covers.
2. The author poses a series of questions to introduce the article. He addresses
these questions to the readers to ask about their flying experiences and
how their planes are controlled. This introduction provides background
25
information about the topic and grabs the readers’ attention.

3. The author uses indirect links to connect paragraphs 8 and 9. In paragraphs
8 and 9 he talks about hands on and hands off activities that the pilot is
held accountable for.
4. The thematic relation is that of contrast. The author believes that self-
controlled planes seem far-fetched; however, he then states that self-
controlled trains were far- fetched at some point; thus, the planes are not
so far.
Developing Skills
1.
Piloting : Past and Present
Past Present
1. complete manual piloting 1. hands-off piloting
2. partial hands-off flying 2. two deck crew
3. dependence on wheel to adjust 3. set of buttons and switches

power and push nose up or down
4. three deck crew

2. The author in paragraph 17 highlights the plans and rules that will be issued
starting 2015 to fly unmanned aircrafts.
3.
a. Hindered
b. Reliance
c. Conjecture
4.
a. This (paragraph 2): auto-piloting
b. that (paragraph 3) : hands-off flying
c. That (paragraph 6): computer preventing the pilot from keeping the nose
of the plane a bit higher
d. this (paragraph 10): lack of practice due to reliance on computer
Responding to the Text
Answers vary.
26
Lesson Two: Is Video Gaming the End-Boss

of Digital Addictions?
Connecting to Theme
Answer vary
1. c
2. c
3. b
1-According to the text, video games lead to many dangerous consequences
including gamers’ loss of productivity, relationships, health, lives, careers,
and marriage.(Any four of the six consequences are correct.)
2- The WoW player of Texas developed addiction to video games as he had
to stay at home all the time due to the surgery in his back/he needed to
distract himself. Besides, he was a man of action/ he is active due to his
military PSTD.
3- The cases that show gamers’ obsessions with video games in the text are:
§ The Texas player who would be either playing or sleeping or in the
bathroom.
§ The Chinese man who played continuously for 27 days straight,
subsisting/ living/ surviving only on noodles until he died.
§ The Taiwanese man who died after 23 hours of playing.
4- Both the DSM-5 and Cash refuse the idea that these video games are
addictive and blame it all on the Internet and on the disease of addiction
itself, in addition to genetic, family history, mental disorder….
5- a) Health experts are worried about males being affected both mentally and
socially by the games. However, cash is assured that females manage their
games better.
b) Delwiche suggests that before medicating the gamers ,there should be
more public awareness on how people are affected by the digital revolution.
1- The writer uses the general-to-specific type as he introduces video games
(in an analogy) by comparing them to alcoholism/alcohol addiction to
narrow his idea in the second and third sentence as he establishes the thesis
27
statement that explicitly presents the idea that such video games addiction
is still a hot debate.
2- It is an elaboration/support/illustration/cause effect. In paragraph 3,
the writer presents the case of the WoW player/addict in Texas(the
causes),and in paragraph 4,he elaborates the player’s addiction and the
consequences(effects) that he suffered due to his addiction to video games.
The cohesive links are the pronouns “he, it” (indirect links)…
3- The writer uses different types of evidence: he uses statistics and numbers/
figures (3% , 6.3 million, 47% ..) , reference to authorities (Cash…) and
expert testimony ( “But most…are to addiction).By using such evidence,
the writer supports his ideas, convinces the reader, and achieves credibility
as to whether video games are addictive or not.
4- The last paragraph/The conclusion sums up the writer’s neutral/objective
attitude towards the debate about addiction to computer games with some
skepticism at the end/in the last sentence. The writer restates the thesis and
the analogy used in the introduction, and this all leaves the reader with
great expectations and predictions about the future of treating the disease
of addiction to video games.
5- a)that = back injury b)it=playing the game c)those=brains d)
they=parents
Developing Skills
A. 1- In paragraph 4 of the text ‘Is Video Gaming the End-Boss of Digital
Addictions?, Bryan Le/the writer shows how Chen Rong-yu , a 23-year-
old Taiwanese man, died in front of the screen with his dead body and stiff
arms on the keyboard and the mouse. Rong-yu’s death happened right after
playing the game League of Legends for 23 hours.
2- In paragraph 7, the writer informs the readers that images of brain scans
show how the hormone of happiness dopamine is triggered when a video
game player wins, thus leading to addiction.
3- In paragraph 9,the writer quotes Cash who claims that most of her clients/
customers, similar to all addicts, are anxious, depressed or mentally
disordered by nature/as a natural tendency ,which makes them more prone/
vulnerable to addiction.
28
B.
NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB

1. urgency(para.1) urge urgent urgently
2. sustenance sustained(para. 2) sustainable sustainably
3. society socialize social socially(para. 6)
4. insufficiency suffice insufficient insufficiently
(para. 8)
5. disruption(para.8) disrupt disruptive disruptively
6. success succeed successful successfully
(para.11)
C. 1- diagnosis 2-exacerbated 3- compulsions 4- significant

D. Cloze Exercise
Effect of Video Games on Child Development
Like so many other issues these days, the concept of video games is con-
troversial. The line between a healthy amount of gaming and an excessive
amount is easily blurred and crossed– especially when video games are as
addicting as studies claim. As parents, it is prudent to find moderation in all
things. Banning games entirely may be good for some households, but others
(depending on the prominence of gaming within the environment) will find
that it may socially isolate their children, take away a source of joy and possi-
bly cognitive development. However, opening the door to the good, will also
allow access to the bad including exposing the children’s minds to the realm
of violence, taking their free time away from doing other things, and putting
them at risk for obesity. In the end, it is important that the parent monitors
what kinds of games children are playing and being exposed to. Part of this
job is to know the descriptors and the genres they represent. The Entertain-
ment Software Rating Board has ratings that provide concerned parents infor-
mation about the content of the games (ESRB, 2014). Efficient use of these
ratings can help parents to make more informed choices for their children.
Danielle Dai and Amanda Fry
29
WRITING TECHNIQUE
Classification Essay
Ø Questions:
1. Underline the thesis statement in the above essay and then state the
classified domains.
The thesis statement is “Technology is the fairy god mother that helps
people achieve their dreams in two fields: medical and educational ones.”
The classified domains are the “medical benefits” and “educational
benefits” of technology.
2. How are paragraphs 2 and 3 cohesively linked? Justify your answer.
The 2nd and3rd body paragraphs are thematically related by addition through
an indirect cohesive link since the author repeats the word “technology”.
3. Suggest another title for the text. Justify your choice.
Answers will vary, but students should make sure that the title they choose
is catchy, brief, and corresponds to the text through reflecting its main
idea.
30
Assessment Test
Part One : Reading

Read the following text in which the writer Charesse James shows the case
of a victim who texts behind the wheel. When you are done with the reading,
work on the questions that follow.
For The Children’s Sake, Put Down That Smartphone
Katherine Streeter
1 It’s not just kids who are overdoing screen time. Parents are often just
as guilty of spending too much time checking smartphones and e-mail — and
the consequences for their children can be troubling.
2 Dr. Jenny Radesky is a pediatrician specializing in child develop-
ment. When she worked at a clinic in a high-tech savvy Seattle neighbor-
hood, Radesky started noticing how often parents ignored their kids in favor
of a mobile device. She remembers a mother placing her phone in the stroller
between herself and the baby. “The baby was making faces and smiling at the
mom,” Radesky says, “and the mom wasn’t picking up any of it; she was just
watching a YouTube video.”
3 Radesky was so concerned she decided to study the behavior. After
relocating to Boston Medical Center, she and two other researchers spent one
summer observing 55 different groups of parents and young children eating at
fast food restaurants. Many of the caregivers pulled out a mobile device right
away, she says. “They looked at it, scrolled on it and typed for most of the
meal, only putting it down intermittently.”
4 This was not a scientific study, Radesky is quick to point out. It was
more like anthropological observation, complete with detailed field notes.
Forty of the 55 parents used a mobile device during the meal, and many, she
says, were more absorbed in the device than in the kids.
5 Radesky says that is a big mistake, because face-to-face interactions
are the primary way children learn. “They learn language, they learn about
their own emotions, they learn how to regulate them,” she says. “They learn
by watching us how to have a conversation, how to read other people’s facial
expressions. And if that is not happening, children are missing out on import-
ant development milestones.”
6 And, perhaps not surprisingly, when Radesky looked at the patterns
in what she and the other researchers observed, she found that kids with par-
31
ents who were most absorbed in their devices were more likely to act out, in
an effort to get their parents’ attention. She recalls one group of three boys
and their father: The father was on his cellphone, and the boys were singing
a song repetitively and acting silly. When the boys got too loud, the father
looked up from his phone and shouted at them to stop. But that only made the
boys sing louder and act sillier.
7 Psychologist Catherine Steiner-Adair wrote a book about parenting,
called The Big Disconnect: Protecting Childhood and Family Relationships
in the Digital Age. She sees lots of parents, teens and younger kids in her
clinical practice in Massachusetts. The father’s reaction to his three silly boys
might be expected, she says, because “when you’re texting or answering
email, the part of your brain that is engaged is the ‘to do’ part, where there’s
also a sense of urgency to get the task accomplished, a sense of time pressure.
So we’re much more irritable when interrupted.”
8 And when parents focus on their digital world first — ahead of their
children — there can be deep emotional consequences for the child, Stein-
er-Adair says. “We are behaving in ways that certainly tell children they don’t
matter, they are not interesting to us, they are not as compelling as anybody,
anything, any ping that may interrupt our time with them,” she says.
9 In research for her book, Steiner-Adair interviewed 1,000 children be-
tween the ages of 4 and 18, asking them about their parents’ use of mobile de-
vices. The language that came up over and over and over again, she says, was
“sad, mad, angry and lonely.” One 4-year-old called his dad’s smartphone a
“stupid phone.” Others recalled joyfully throwing their parent’s phone into
the toilet, putting it in the oven or hiding it. There was one girl who said, “I
feel like I’m just boring. I’m boring my dad because he will take any text, any
call, anytime — even on the ski lift!”
10 Steiner-Adair says we don’t know exactly how much these mini mo-
ments of disconnect between a parent and child affect the child in the long
term. But based on the stories she hears, she suggests that parents think twice
before picking up a mobile device when they’re with their kids.
Questions
Ø
A. Answer each question below in 1-4 sentences of your own.
1. Refer to paragraphs 2 and 3 to identify two incidents that assisted Radesky’s
anthropological observation. Show why these two incidents are significant
for her research.(01)
32
2. Explain what the writer Katherine Streeter means by ‘children are missing
out on important development milestones” in paragraph 5.(0.75)
3. Scan the text for two reactions that kids did to show their parents that they
are irritated by their parents’ giving more attention to devices than to them.
(01)
4.What is Catherine Steiner-Adair’s attitude regarding the reaction of the
three boys’ father when they sang loudly and acted silly? (0.75)
B. Infer the answer to each organization question. Write each answer in
1-4 sentences.
1. Pick three types of evidence that the writer relies on in the text above, then
explain the significance that these types have.(1.25)
2. What thematic relationship exists between paragraphs 7 and8? Specify the
hooks that link the two paragraphs. Justify your answer.(1.25)
3. Identify the type(s) of irony employed in paragraph 9. Explain its/their
significance to the rest of the text.(01)
4. Describe the tone in the last paragraph. Provide evidence to support your
answer.(01)
C. Summarize paragraph 5 in one sentence only.(01)
D. Indicate the referent for each of the four bold-faced pronouns in the
text. (01)
1.It (Paragraph 2) 2.That(Paragraph 5)
3.That(Paragraph 6) 4.They(Paragraph 8)
E. Scan Paragraphs 4,5, 6and 7 for words that almost mean the following.
(01)
1. stopping or ceasing for a time
2. first or highest in rank or importance
3. deeply interested or involved
4. pressing importance
Part Two : Writing (Score 09/20)
The primary purpose of technology is to assist humans and build better life
conditions in all aspects of life. However, the result has not always been
positive. Choose any case(other than children-parents relation)that may
be damaged by technological devices. Then suggest some solutions to the
problem.
33
In an essay of 250-300 words, describe the case and the reasons behind it
before you propose some practical solutions to it. Make sure that, in your
introduction, you put your reader in the general atmosphere of your topic
and clearly provide a thesis statement, and that each of your body paragraphs
starts with a topic sentence which you back up with relevant supporting
details. Draft, revise, and proofread your essay. Your writing will be assessed
for ideas, language and style, and tidiness.(Score: 05 for content, 03 for
language and style, and 01 for tidiness and legible handwriting
Answer Key
Part One : Reading

A. 1- The first incident is that of the little baby who was looking at his mother
and smiling while the mother was only concerned with a YouTube video.
The other is in fast food restaurants where caregivers were busy with
their mobiles neglecting the children.(0.5)These two incidents alarmed
Dr. Jenny Radesky she decided to conduct a research in order to study
the behavior.(0.5)
2- The writer Katherine Streeter means that children cannot grow well and
develop their abilities well if their parents do not communicate with them.
(0.75)
3-A group of three boys started shouting loudly and acting silly to express
their irritation and dissatisfaction to their father who was busy with
the mobile.(0.5)Other children felt mad, sad , angry and lonely.(0.5)
4- Psychologist Catherine Steiner-Adair sees the father’s reaction to his
as predictable or expected when a person is interrupted at a moment
of focus, s/he gets irritated and nervous.(0.75)
B. 1- The writer resorts to many types of evidence in the text, including
names (Dr. Jenny Radesky, Psychologist Catherine Steiner-Adair), real-
life incidents(The baby, the three boys and their father….),statistics/
figures(55 different groups,1,000 children),references/books(The Big
Disconnect: Protecting Childhood and Family Relationships in the
Digital Age)…(0.75).Such evidence supports the writer’s ideas about
the problems created by parents’ heavily using technology and helps the
writer achieve objectivity/ credibility and avoid bias.(0.5)
2- It is a cause-effect relation .(0.25)In paragraph 7 ,the writer analyzes
the father’s ‘normal’ reaction/behavior due to his engagement in /
focus on the mobile(cause),and in paragraph 8,she shows the effects
34
of such behavior of neglect on the child.(0.5)The hooks that emphasize

this relation are the direct links ‘because and so’ and the indirect links
‘ there can be and consequences…’ (0.5)
3- The irony employed in paragraph 9 is an example of verbal and dramatic
irony. The boy uses the word ‘stupid’, the antonym of ‘smart’ to describe
the phone, which reflects the boy’s strong objection to his father’s heavy
use of the mobile.(0.5)The other example of irony is reflected in the
children’s joyful behavior when they are throwing their parent’s phone
into the toilet, putting it in the oven or hiding it, which shows their strong
refusal to their parents’ behavior.(0.5)
4- It is alarming/serious and critical with some advice to parents(0.5) who
should not neglect their children and give more attention to a device. Such
moments of separation between child and parent affects the child seriously.
(0.5)
C. In paragraph 5of the text For The Children’s Sake, Put Down That
Smartphone the writer Katherine Streeter quotes Radesky who believes
that children learn all skills and develop well through real communication
and conversations with their parents. (01)
D. (0.25 each)
1. it = the baby’s acts of making faces and smiling
2.that = parents being absorbed in the mobile and neglecting their kids
3. that = the father looking up from his phone and shouting at the boys to
stop.
4. they = children
E. 1.Intermittently(0.25) 2. Primary(0.25)
3. absorbed ; engaged 4. urgency (0.25)
35
UNIT FOUR: Health Issues
Lesson One: PA Sugar Low (page 83)
● Connecting to the Theme

Different answers may be accepted from students
● Approaching the Text
1. a
2. a
3. c
● Comprehending the Author’s Point of View
A.
1. The text handles the issue of sugar intaking existing both in natural food,
in beverages and in sweets. It becomes very critical as it prints its negative
impacts on our health as a whole.
2. According to the article, new labels made people over estimate the amount
of sugar found in products, and thus they decrease buying these products.
3. Dr. Susan draws a comparison between the new recommendations and
living on a budget. Such a comparison has a positive impact on public
health. If people can regulate their budgets to make the ends meet, they can
definitely regulate sugar intaking to regulate their health.
4. The brain doesn’t register liquid or food calories equally. Definitely, this
has negative impacts with liquid calories where we “don’t feel satisfied,
or full” and eventually consume more calories which is damaging to our
health.
5. Business, food makers in particular, seeks after immediate profit. Food
makers responded by producing fat-free products, creating thus, “crazy
situations.”
6.
a. Milk and fruit are just type of food that contain natural sugars and are
rich in nutrients.
b. Men consume 150 calories per day or nine teaspoons while women
consume 100 calories or six teaspoons.
36

1. In paragraphs 4, 5,6,10,&17), the writer depended on quotations declared
by health experts to add more credibility to the article and to prove that
what is highly mentioned in the article is true.
2. The thematic relation between 13&14 is that of addition –reinforcement.
In paragraph 13, the writer of the article mentions the disastrous results of
over intake of sugar. Moreover, in paragraph 14, the writer illustrates that
by giving real examples to prove that people who take great amounts of
sugar are at high risks of death.
3. Health experts (nutritionists) are interested in reading this article because
they may find many answers and pieces of evidence to people who share
this problem.
Psychologists may be interested in reading this article because they may
encounter some people who are obsessed with their health, so they may
have some recommendations for this problem.
4. The writer seems to be skeptical, doubtful, uncertain and rather pessimistic.
What is thought to be an outlet to sugar intaking turns to be confusing and
misleading to people. Phrases such as “unanticipated consequences” and
“crazy situations” reinforce such a tone.
A.
Health Experts Expert’s point of view about sugar usage
An awful amount of sugar in blueberries and
Susan Mayne strawberries yogurt and tiny amount of real fruit, but
with no difference to the consumer
To the body, no difference between added and natural
Kris Sollid
sugar especially if people look at their total calories
Dissatisfied with consuming 200-300 calories from
Hu soda as the brain doesn’t register liquid calories the
same way it registers calories in food
B.
1. Teeny 2. Lurking 3. Fad 4. Balk 5. Chronic 6. devoid
C.
1. nudging 2. funding 3. accumulation 4. proliferation
37
Lesson two: Living the Vegan Dream (page: 91)

A. Students will give different answers.
B. Students will give different answers.
1. c
2. a
3. a
1. Both Roll and Piatt are vegans, and they have a mission to let people know
that enlisting in their tribe is not like being trapped in a fragrant tent.
2. First Piatt enjoys her spiritual name, Sri Mati, and she had an extreme
inner peace to the extent that she reveals her age to people. Finally, she
admits that she has “yogic, vegan, life style.”
3. The story took place in Piatt’s and Roll home in a sunny breezy place
in Malibu, Canyon. In addition to that, the home itself is so modern and
striking to the extent that Roll “rents it for movies and commercials”. This
extra ordinary setting adds to the atmosphere of serenity and tranquility
which is overwhelming the whole article. This also illustrates the positivity
which the narrator wants to stress on while presenting his article on the
world of vegan.
4. The whole article reflects the positivity of the writer towards being
vegetarian. Moreover, he illustrates that by resorting to real examples to
prove that being vegetarian is not a far-fetched dream. Thus, the title comes
as a depiction of the writer’s optimistic view towards the world of vegans.
5. In paragraph 6,Jeff Gordinier believed that the vegan dream is supported
by the presence of important believers such as the support of some
celebrities like Bill Clinton and Byonce`, and this is in its turn proves that
vegetarianism has many followers, and so it substitutes its “ dowdy” image
with a more prosperous one.
6. Crossroads reveals the most perfect vegetarian menu ever. He substituted
lobster with lobster mushrooms and instead of calamari, he offered the
heart of palms, and the artichoke leaf which has a special flavor instead of
oyster.
38

1. Paragraph 6 represents the thesis statement of the text since it sheds light on
the text’s main idea which is the importance of being vegetarian especially
with its “glamorous, prosperous” outlook.
2. The thematic relation between paragraphs 15 and 17 is that of contrast. In
paragraph 15, the author presents the positive impact of being a vegetarian
such as protecting the health, saving the environment, and protecting
animals. While in paragraph 17, the author leaves the reader with a certain
doubt that this trend might be a short-lived fashion and people might
consider it as personal whim not a healthy process.
3. First, the writer resorted to real figures from real life such as Bill Clinton
and Byonce`. He also referred to expert testimonies such as the blogger
“Ella Woodward”. Moreover, he mentioned real places such as Crossroads
in Los Angeles and Superiority Burger, Dimes and Butcher’s Daughter. All
these pieces of evidence added to the credibility of the article.
4. The pattern of organization of paragraph 13 is that of exemplification. The
writer, in this paragraph, resorts to real examples like the 39-year old chef
“Chad”and the nonvegan chefs like David Kinch and Alain Passard who
had their view points concerning the issue of vegetarianism.
Developing Skills
1.
Word paragraph Meaning
lumpy 1 Heavy or clumsy
fragrant 7 Pleasant, delightful
dowdy 8 Antiquated, old fashioned
grueling 9 Exhausting, very tiring
emanate 11 Send forth
proponent 4 Advocate, defender
culinary 18 cooking
opt 19 choose
2.
a. that( paragraph 2) : kicking dairy
b. it (paragraph3):being happy
c. it (paragraph 7): vegan living
d. that (paragraph10): old dogma
39
WRITING TECHNIQUE
Discussing a Case Study
Ø Questions:
1. How many cases did the writer refer to in order to discuss the problem of
obesity?
The author refers to two cases in an attempt to discuss the problem of
obesity, that of Rana and Celina.
2. What does the writer rely on to achieve authenticity?
The author relies on real live examples or case studies, facts, and statistics
while trying to achieve credibility, add a sense of realism and authenticity,
make the text more convincing, and avoid prejudice.
3. How are paragraphs 1 and 4 thematically related?
Paragraphs 1 and 4, the introduction and conclusion, are thematically
related by problem-solution since the introduction introduces the problem,
obesity and its drastic effects while the conclusion provides solutions while
giving advice.
4. Suggest another title for the text. Justify your choice.
Answers will vary, but students should make sure that the title they choose
is catchy, brief, and corresponds to the text through reflecting its main
idea.
40
Assessment Test
Part One: Reading Comprehension
The following selection is adapted from the “Times” magazine in which the
writer sheds light on the misconception concerning weight gain. When you
are through with the reading, answer the questions that follow.
College Weight gain: It May not be the Dorm Food

By The New York Times , Herald-Tribune
Tuesday, November 17, 2015
1. As the first semester of the school year reaches the halfway mark, countless
college freshmen are becoming aware that their clothes are feeling rather
snug. While the so-called freshman 15 may be hyperbole, studies confirm
that many students do put on five to 10 pounds during that first year away
from home. Now new research suggests that an underlying cause may be
the students’ widely vacillating patterns of sleep.
2. A study in the journal Behavioral Sleep Medicine looked at the sleep
habits of first-semester freshmen. Researchers followed 132 first-year
students at Brown University who kept sleep diaries. After nine weeks,
more than half had gained nearly six pounds.
3. Was it abbreviated sleep? Optimally, experts say, teenagers need about
nine hours and 15 minutes a night. These freshmen averaged about seven
hours and 15 minutes. In the journal PLOS One, researchers reported that
when teenagers are sleep-deprived, they more readily reach for candy and
desserts.
4. Or were the Brown students’ late bedtimes the scale-tipping factor? On
average, they went to bed around 1:30 a.m. A study in the journal Sleep
found that each hour later that bedtime fell during the school or workweek
was associated with about a two-point increase in body mass index.
5. While both factors may have played a role, the researchers in the Brown
study identified a new one: variability. Unlike workers, who typically
wake around the same time, students whose class schedules differ daily
are inclined to sleep in one morning and get up earlier the next. Lures of
the nonacademic variety can also wreak havoc on a good night’s sleep.
6. As they reset their body clocks, they set themselves up to pack on the
pounds. Much like shift workers and frequent fliers, their metabolisms
keep readjusting, and they might feel too tired to exercise and gravitate
toward foods dense with sugar and starch.
41
7. “Variability is taking the field of sleep research a step further,” said Dean
W. Beebe, an expert on adolescent sleep at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital
Medical Center.
8. Habits developed in the first year of college can be significant, said
Brandy M. Roane, lead author of the Brown study and an assistant
professor at the University of North Texas Health Science Center. “It’s a
crucial period when they’re on their own and their health behaviors are
solidifying into long-term behaviors,” said Roane.
9. Roane said the study implicitly emphasized the importance of parents
helping their children establish good sleep habits while under the same
roof. She urged parents to teach children about their sleep needs.
10. “A lot of parents give up setting bedtimes when their teenagers are in
high school,” she said. “At college, no one says, ‘you can’t sleep till 1
p.m.,’ so students need the skills to figure that out.”
Questions
Ø
A. Answer each of the following in 1-2 sentences of your own.
1. In reference to the selection, what is the main problem that faces
students during school year?
2. Refer paragraphs 4 and 5 to write the factors that play a major role in
weight-gain?
3. Comment on the writer’s attitude at the end of the article.
B.
1. How does the author of this article achieve credibility?
2. Other than the general reader, select two types of evidence who might
be interested in reading the article. What type of interest does each find?
C. The following statements are false because they misinterpret some
information mentioned in the text. Correct these two statements.
1. Because workers have vacillating sleeping hours, they feel that they can
shun out foods rich in sugar and starch.
2. Parents can still have the authority on their teenagers concerning bed
time even after they reach high school.
D. Paraphrase Sentence 2, Paragraph 8, “It’s a crucial period……. long-
term behaviors.”
42
E. Skim the assigned paragraphs to find words which almost have the
following meanings:
Word Meaning
Limited in size (paragraph1)
Wavering (paragraph1)
To be strongly attracted (paragraph6)
strengthened (paragraph8)
Part Two: Writing
Man’s rapid lifestyle has victimized him to an extent that he consciously or
unconsciously turns to be unaware of his own health. Under such conditions,
some people follow unhealthy diets, and one of their results is obesity. Some
people believe that following a healthy diet, together with, physical exercises
can solve the problem of obesity while others prefer doing surgeries to tackle
this problem. Where do you stand? Develop your point of view in an essay of
250-300 words. Make sure that, in your introduction, you put your reader in
the general atmosphere of your topic and clearly provide a thesis statement,
and that each of your body paragraphs starts with a topic sentence which
you back up with relevant supporting details. Draft, revise, and proofread
your essay. Your writing will be assessed for ideas, language and style, and
tidiness.
Answer Key
A.
1. According to the article, students gain weight because of their wavering or
vacillating sleep patterns.
2. According to paragraphs 4 and 5, the first reason is when teenagers are
deprived of sleep, they eat candy and desserts. The second factor is when
sleeping time is delayed by an hour; for example, this leads to an increase
of a two-point in the body index.
3. At the end of the article, the author was successful in delivering the
message. Parents should be aware of their children’s changing behavior all
through their different stages and not only during adolescence.
B.
1. The writer achieves credibility through the use of many pieces of evidence.
He uses facts (paragraph 2), examples (paragraph4), and expert testimony
(Paragraph 7 and paragraph 8).
43
2. Parents are interested in reading the selection because they can be aware of
their children’s changing habits.
Teenagers are also interested in reading the selection because they can be
conscious of the dangerous effects of wavering sleeping habits.
C.
1. Because workers have vacillating sleeping hours, they have great tendency
to eat sugar and starch.
2. Parents stop interfering in their teenagers’ life the time they reach high
school. / Parents give up setting their teenagers’ bed time when these kids
reach high school.
D. According to the author, parents still have authority on their children
concerning the issues of their health. Thus, parents should be aware of
their kids’ changing habits which turn to be their life habits.
E.
Word Meaning
snug Limited in size (paragraph1)
vacillating Wavering (paragraph1)
gravitate To be strongly attracted(paragraph6)
solidifying strengthening(paragraph8)
44
UNIT FIVE: Ecological Issues
Lesson One: Lebanon: an Ecological Disaster Zone

Answers vary.
Approaching the text
Skim the above text, and then select the best completion.
1. Our skimming pushes us to infer that the Lebanese are _____________.
a. endangering marine life only
b. endangering nature and birds merely
c. endangering the whole of the ecosystem(correct)
2. Based on the first five paragraphs, the writer attributes victimization of
environment to ______.
a. the absence of education
b. the absence of the law(correct)
c. the absence of common sense
3. The browsing of the text shows that by victimizing the environment, the
Lebanese are _______.
a. victimizing their ocean
b. victimizing birds
c. victimizing themselves(correct)
1. Fishing with the stick of dynamite has two dramatic effects. What are they?
(The first is the destruction of the continental shelf responsible for the
food chain; the second is the importation of seafood from neighboring
countries.)
2. In what sense is the ecological problem in Lebanon social or behavioral
in nature?
(The Lebanese civil war has destroyed the social, the legal and the moral
fabric of the Lebanese society and led everyone to do what he wanted with
the environment.)
3. Based on your understanding of paragraphs 4 and 5, what has inspired
Gibran to be a writer?
(It is the charming landscape that has inspired Gibran to be a writer: the
perfect harmony between flora and fauna life.)
45
4. Based on paragraphs 8 and 9, show how our emotional life has led so many
of us to rape and victimize our environment.
(The culture of peace has almost disappeared in Lebanon, and violence/
anger has become a way of life. In this sequence, victimizing nature and
killing innocent birds is just a way of externalizing our anger.)
5. Based on paragraphs 10 and 11, how has the ecological problem shaken
the ecosystem in Lebanon?
(With the killing of birds, tree-eating insects are destroying forests and
mountains cannot retain water and eventually, flora and fauna are
negatively influenced.)
1. The thesis statement is not explicitly stated. Skim the above text to suggest
your own thesis. Justify your answer.
(Human activities have changed Lebanon into an ecological disaster zone.
The whole text highlights such activities and the dramatic impacts they
have posed on the whole ecosystem.)
2. How do the questions cited in paragraph 5 convey the message of the
writer? Explain.
(All the questions reflect the writer’s firm belief that Lebanon is no more
that inspiring and charming country.)
3. What pattern of organization does the writer use in paragraph 6? Explain.
(It is a cause-effect pattern of organization. All human activities in the sea
have made much of the Lebanese sea bottom today a sandy desert.)
4. The writer’s voice/tone in the concluding paragraph is so touching and so
impressive. Explain how.
(The writer in his concluding paragraph is so angry, so disappointed and
so depressed. He implicitly utters a cry of protest against victimizing nature
and eventually the whole of our life. In this sense, he seems so touching
and impressive.)
46
Developing Skills
1. Skim the above text, and then list in the chart below some human activities
mentioned by the writer. Use phrases only.
Negative Human Activities
1. Using stick dynamites
2. Killing birds
3. Cutting trees
4. Throwing all sorts of trash and garbage into the sea
5. Polluting the sea intentionally
2. Paraphrase the last paragraph in the above text.
(In paragraph 12, Professor Haber addresses people directly. While he
cannot stop the act of slaughter among them, he asks them to stop ravishing
fauna life. In the system of life, Haber draws a parallel line between man
and nature and believes that if we respect natural life, we will eventually
learn to respect the sacredness of our own life.)
3. Fill each blank in the paragraph below with suitable word from the box.
Use proper grammatical part of speech where necessary.
scarcity – contaminate – externalize – hectic – pluralistic – efficient –
ravish – unique
Lebanon has always been known as a pluralistic and unique society. But as
the Lebanese started to destroy the marine life, they were left with a scarcity
of fish. Ironically, so many fishermen believe that using dynamite is a (n)
efficient way. Eventually, the Lebanese have contaminated their sea and
ravished it. In fact, war is a main reason behind the Lebanese behavior. They
simply externalize their anger by killing birds, for example. It’s no wonder
then that the whole of their life is so hectic.
47
Lesson Two: Ecological and Social Problems

Answers vary.
1. c
2. b
3. c
Comprehending Author’s Point of View
1. The author discusses the effects of ecological problems and suggests
possible solutions.
2. Overpopulation, overconsumption and environmentally malign
technologies all lead to ecological problems.
3. Scientists believe that “perpetual growth” is not the solution, for it
encourages the idea of “indiscriminate economic growth” as a “cure,”
which they see responsible for the unplanned and illogical global practices.
4. The writer believes that poor communities are better at handling the issue
of preserving living ecosystems. He even urges politicians to resort to poor
communities that can teach them how to solve the problems of “energy,
water, food, and livelihoods.” Moreover, he suggests that villagers control
and own technology because they know how to make use of that to enhance
our living, for they rely on practice and not theory (paper work).
5. The writer in paragraph 12 warns that any delay in solving the ecological
problems would result in tragic consequences. That would increase the
risks of climate change that might result in eliminating ecology on which
our “health, wealth, and sense of self” depend.
Analyzing Stylistic features
1. The author introduces the article with a startling fact. In fact, the one-
sentence introduction conveys the thesis statement which communicates
the controlling ideas of the article which are the problems resulting from
overpopulation, overconsumption and technology. Such facts grab the
readers’ attention and prepare him/her for the discussion throughout the
article.
2. This text might draw many readers’ attention. In fact it might particularly
interest environmentalists and economists as it focuses on the interrelation
between the two areas.
48
3. The writer in paragraphs 5 and 6 is serious, critical, concerned and worried.

He criticizes global society that has failed to deal with the ecological
problems. He accuses it of holding to misconception that “physical
economies can grow forever.” This is what makes him worry about the
future of the globe.
4. The author achieves credibility by using different types of evidence. In fact,
he quotes experts and their studies such as Sir Bob Watson, the government’s
chief scientific adviser on environmental issues, US climate scientist James
Hansen, Prof José Goldemberg, Brazil’s secretary of environment during
the Rio Earth summit in 1992, and Stanford University Prof Paul Ehrlich.
This helps support the main idea and appeal to the readers’ logic.
Developing Skills
1.
Ecological and Social Problems
Causes/Problems Suggested Solutions
1. Overpopulation 1. using a new wealth measuring tool
2. overconsumption 2. lifting subsidies in various sectors
3. environmentally 3. solving the problem of overconsumption in
malign technologies developed countries
4. changing the process of decision making,
5. protecting ecosystem and biodiversity
6.encouraging research and training.
2. In paragraph 7, the author emphasizes the group’s suggestion to listen to

the poor and what they have to say about the situation.
3. a. dire
b. sustainable
49
WRITING TECHNIQUE
Problem-solution Essay
Ø Questions
1. What method of development has the writer used in the above model?
The author uses a point-by-point method since he/she discusses the causes,
effects, and possible solutions for the problem at hand in each body
paragraph.
2. Identify the topic sentence in body paragraphs 1, 2 and 3.
Topic Sentence 1: An explosion caused by something as huge as an asteroid
hitting Earth cannot be easily ignored.
Topic Sentence 2: You’ll be welcoming a tsunami all over!
Topic Sentence 3: One inevitable effect an asteroid causes is a rain of
nasty acids, acid rain, resulting from the heat of the shockwave of the
entering asteroid.
50
Assessment Test
Part One: Reading (Score: 11)

Read the following article, and then answer the questions that follow.
The Problem With Energy Efficiency

By Michael Shellenberger and Ted Nordhausoct (8,2014)
1 OAKLAND, Calif. — ON Tuesday, the Royal Swedish Academy of

Sciences awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics to three researchers whose
work contributed to the development of a radically more efficient form of
lighting known as light-emitting diodes, or LEDs.
2 In announcing the award, the academy said, “Replacing light bulbs
and fluorescent tubes with LEDs will lead to a drastic reduction of electricity
requirements for lighting.” The president of the Institute of Physics noted:
“With 20 percent of the world’s electricity used for lighting, it’s been
calculated that optimal use of LED lighting could reduce this to 4 percent.”
3 The winners, Shuji Nakamura, an American, and Isamu Akasaki and
Hiroshi Amano, both from Japan, justly deserve their Nobel, and should be
commended for creating a technology that produces the same amount of
light with less energy.But it would be a mistake to assume that LEDs will
significantly reduce overall energy consumption.
4 LED’s are but the latest breakthrough in lighting efficiency. Consider
the series of accelerated lighting revolutions ushered in by the Industrial
Revolution. In the early and mid-1800s, for instance, “town gas” made from
coal was developed and used to illuminate streetlights. Whale oil became
the preferred indoor lighting fuel for upper-income Americans until it was
replaced by more efficient kerosene lamps. And then, finally, in the late 19th
century, the electric light bulb emerged.
5 Along the way, demand would rise for these new technologies and
increase as new ways were found to use them. This led to more overall energy
consumption.From outer space, you can see the results of this long progression
of illumination. More and more of the planet is dotted with clusters of lights.
6 There is no reason to think that the trend lines for demand for LED
lighting will be any different, especially as incomes rise and the desire for this
cheaper technology takes hold in huge, emerging economies like China, India
51
and Nigeria, where the sheer volume of the demand will be likely to trump the
efficiency gains.
7 Energy-efficient lighting has been, without question, a boon for
economic development. Over the past two centuries, the real cost of
illumination in Britain has declined by a factor of 3,000, largely because of
efficiency improvements, according to the researchers Roger Fouquet of the
London School of Economics and Peter J. G. Pearson of Imperial College,
London. This cheap lighting technology is used today not just to light our
streets, workplaces and homes but for televisions, computers and cellphones.
8 These productivity improvements are a primary driver of long-term
economic growth. Especially in developing economies, cheap, energy-
efficient lighting will almost certainly allow poor people to bring modern
lighting into their homes much faster than they otherwise would. And that
will almost certainly result in faster growth in energy demand globally.
9 The growing evidence that low-cost efficiency often leads to faster
energy growth was recently considered by both the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change and the International Energy Agency. They concluded that
energy savings associated with new, more energy efficient technologies were
likely to result in significant “rebounds,” or increases, in energy consumption.
This means that very significant percentages of energy savings will be lost to
increased energy consumption.
10 The I.E.A. and I.P.C.C. estimate that the rebound could be over 50
percent globally. Recent estimates and case studies have suggested that in
many energy-intensive sectors of developing economies, energy-saving
technologies may backfire, meaning that increased energy consumption
associated with lower energy costs because of higher efficiency may in fact
result in higher energy consumption than there would have been withoutthose
technologies.
11 That’s not a bad thing. Most people in the world, still struggling to
achieve modern living standards, need to consume more energy, not less. Cheap
LED and other more efficient energy technologies will be overwhelmingly
positive for people and economies all over the world.
12 But LED and other ultra-efficient lighting technologies are unlikely to
reduce global energy consumption or reduce carbon emissions. If we are to
make a serious dent in carbon emissions, there is no escaping the need to shift
to cleaner sources of energy.
52
A.
1. What is the author’s claim?(Score: 0.5)
2. What message is the writer trying to convey through the examples listed in
paragraph 4? What purpose do they serve? Justify your answer.(Score: 01)
3. What arguments does the author present to support his claim? Are they
convincing enough? Explain.(Score: 01)
4. Based on the article and your general knowledge, what conclusions can
you make about any new technological advancement that is introduced to
the market?(Score: 01)
B.
1. What method does the writer use in paragraph 1 to introduce the article?
What purpose(s) does this technique serve? Support your answer with
evidence.(Score: 01)
2. What is the thematic relation between paragraphs 11 and 12? Justify your
answer. (Score: 01)
3. Describe the writer’s tone in paragraph 11. Support your answer with
evidence. (Score: 1.5)
4. How effective is the concluding paragraph?(Score: 01)
5. Identify the pattern(s) of each of the following sentences, and then write
the indicator(s).(Score: 1.5)
a. If we are to make a serious dent in carbon emissions, there is no escaping
the need to shift to cleaner sources of energy.
b. Over the past two centuries, the real cost of illumination in Britain
has declined by a factor of 3,000, largely because of efficiency
improvements, according to the researchers Roger Fouquet of the
London School of Economics and Peter J. G. Pearson of Imperial
College, London.
c. And then, finally, in the late 19th century, the electric light bulb emerged.
C.
Find words that have the same meaning as the following:(Score:0.5)
a. best(paragraph 2)
b. benefit (paragraph 7)
D. Summarize paragraph 9 in one sentence.(Score: 01)
53
Part Two: Writing (Score: 09)

In the above text, the author claims that LED will not significantly reduce
energy consumption. In your opinion, what are some of the factors that cause
an increase in energy consumption and what impact does this increase have
in this world?
State your opinion in a well-structured essay.
See that, in your introduction, you put your reader in the general atmosphere
of your topic and clearly provide a thesis statement, and that each of your
body paragraphs starts with a topic sentence which you back up with relevant
supporting details. Draft, revise and proofread your essay. Your writing will
be assessed for both ideas and form.
(Score: 05 for ideas; 03 for language and style; 01 for neatness)
Answer Key
A.
1. It would be a mistake to assume that LEDs will significantly reduce overall
energy consumption.(Score: 0.5)
2. The examples given in the paragraph demonstrate the evolution of lighting
means between the 1800s and 1900s. The writer supplies these to show
that evolution in lighting means has been ongoing. Each was important
until it was replaced by something improved.(Score: 01)
3. The author supports his claim by explaining that because the innovations
in cheap and efficient energy will be accessible to more people, the rise
in demand for these innovations will make up for the energy saved. Also
these innovations will be in demand in developing countries because they
boost the economy. (Score: 01)
4. All devices are in demand when they are first introduced; however, they are
easily replaced. (Score: 01)
B.
1. The author introduces the text using an anecdote. He relies on this method
to draw reader’s attention and arouse curiosity as he narrates how three
researchers won the Nobel Prize for the invention of LED. (Score: 01)
2. The thematic relation is that of Contrast. The author uses the word “But” to
reveal this connection.(Score: 01)
3. The tone is positive/ optimistic/ looking at the benefits. (Score:1.5)
54
4. It reinforces his claim and provides a suggestion that these can help, but
to reduce the consumption of energy, we have to resort to cleaner sources.
(Score: 01)
5. (Score: 1.5)
a. Condition
b. Time order and cause/effect
c. Time order
C. (Score: 0.5)
a. optimal
b. boon
D. Suggested summary (Score: 01)
The writer in paragraph 9 explains that new evidence shows that low-cost
efficiency results in more consumption of energy.
55
UNIT SIX: TEENAGERS
UNIT SIX: TEENAGERS
Lesson One: The Culture of Kids Bullying Their Parents

(Answers Vary)
1. b
2. c
3. b
● Comprehending the Author’s Point of View (page 131)
1. Kids bullying their parents, which hitherto seemed abnormal and punishable,
has become almost phenomenal nowadays leaving negative and sad prints
on parents as a whole. The whole text (including the interview) develops
and highlights such issues.
2. The author believes that adolescence is the most critical stage, and he
advises parents to end “patterns of unhealthy conflicts” with their kids.
3. In paragraph 5, Grover refers to a “backlash against authoritative parenting
of the past” as a basic reason that accounts for kids’ bullying their parents.
He also hints to shifting “too far in the other direction” as a second factor”
4. Grover thinks that that would be possible when parents go back to the roots
of the problem, spot out its causes, and find “what’s missing” rather than
seeing the surface of the problem.
5. a. Bullying in the past had critical consequences; now, it is almost normal.
b. Waving flags denotes parents’ defeat, submission and powerlessness.

1. By using live examples selected from schools and family experience, the
writer aims at (a) achieving credibility, (b) avoiding prejudice/bias or any
touch of subjectivity, and finally (c) giving his point of view a big touch
of authenticity.
2. He generally uses short paragraphs (a) because the subject tackled does
not need that in depth discussion, (b) because short paragraphs are more
interesting and appealing to the reader, (c) because short paragraphs are
most effective in spotting flashlights on certain issues, and finally (d)
because short paragraphs better convey dramatic situation.
56
UNIT SIX: TEENAGERS
3. It’s one of addition and reinforcement. Both paragraphs highlight the

dramatic effects of kids bullying their parents as a whole “mess of internal
space” … “waving flags” etc…
4. The writer uses three metaphors in paragraphs 6 and 7, “their relations
are … on the rock, …. “a mess of internal space that is hard to navigate”
…. “they are unconsciously waving flags”. All these metaphors reinforce
the powerlessness and agonies of the parents. In paragraph 11, he uses a
simile “it was like running a prison” to show and emphasize how critical
the situation is.
1.
If parents really want to solve their kids’ problems, they have to consult
a therapist who might diagnose that problem first. They should not be
authoritative or cave to bullying. Only with the realization of the problem
can parents reclaim their power and eventually trigger a practical solution
to it.
2.
a. vigilance
b. backlash
c. snuff out
d. tantrum
3. a. Grover “urges parents to end patterns of unhealthy conflicts, caving to
bullying or bullying back.”
Answer: As a therapist, Grover presses parents to avoid being white
or black; that is either submissive to being bullied or turn to be bullies
themselves.
b. “I always shudder to think, had I not taken their route, if I would have gone
through punishing and consequences, I probably would have won the battle,
but I would have lost my daughter.”
Answer: the mere idea of being authoritative/punishing rather than patient
and understanding has greatly horrified Sean Grover, for it simply meant
his victory/ dominance over his daughter, but it also meant his total loss
of her.
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UNIT SIX: TEENAGERS
Lesson Two: Parents Countering Ugly Hair Cut Videos

with Hug-it-out Versions

1. c
2. b
3. a
A.
1. It proved to be highly effective because his son “straightened up his act”
2. It can be inferred that so many parents are living a very critical and
embarrassing situation with their children. In other words, they are unable
to solve their children’s problem in the normal way.
3. Greshman believes that good parenting starts before the child gets the
point of being out of control. In other words, good parenting depends on
love, understanding and on showing the children the way by example.
Humiliating children will definitely yield adverse/negative results .
4. Fredrick believes that parents should be very strict in extreme cases before
kids “run wild”. However, “he gives nice cuts as well to reward kids for
excellent grades and to honor their birthdays”.
5. It’s a neutral attitudes personally, he never resorts to it or uses it; however,
he never misunderstands or misjudges parents who use it at critical
situations. It might be very effective at times (the case of the man at the
end of paragraph 15).
6. a. Such cuts might seem humiliating and negative at times, but very effective
and positive in certain cases.
b. It favors a healthy positive discipline to any form of punishment.

1. The first five paragraphs furnish as the introduction to the whole text.
In fact, it’s an extended anecdote that highlights hair cut as a form of a
successful discipline.
2. To achieve credibility, the writer resorts to live examples, to experts’
testimonies and to specific names, places and ages. Live examples are
most effective because through them, the writer certifies his objectivity,
avoids prejudice/bias and gives his text a big touch of authenticity/realism.
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UNIT SIX: TEENAGERS
3. The text at hand is argumentative in nature for it reflects the two sides of the
coin: those who are with her cut- or any type of punishment-, and those
who are against such humiliating practices.
4. It’s paragraph 6 of the above text. It directly hints to the debates over public
shaming as discipline … In other words, it highlights two issues, one in
favor and one against. Such issues are fully elaborated in the above text.
1.
a. It (Paragraph 2) refers to cut
b. that (Paragraph 9) refers to the humiliating punishment of the a child
c. that (Paragraph 10) refers to strict and severe punishment necessary to
correct a kid
d. that (Paragraph 12) refers to the age of 9
e. this (Paragraph 12) refers to parents’ willingness to cut their children’s
hair
f. it (Paragraph 14) refers to type of punishment
2.
shaming – profanity – infraction(s) – corporal – snatching – reinforcement
Parents should be fully aware of the dire consequences of extreme punishment.
In fact, corporal punishment and public shaming will definitely snatch the
dignity of kids and profane their rights as human beings. If a child commits
minor infractions, then it would be much better for parents to abide by a
positive reinforcement of family rules, otherwise they will inevitably lose
their children.
3. a. embarrassing b. reinforcement c. backlash d. flagged
4.
Severe Punishment of Kids
For Against
· a form of discipline · Ineffectiveness of any form of
· a replacement of failing tactics punishment
· straightening up kids’ acts · Positive rather than negative
· reaching kids before law reinforcement
enforcement · Embarrassment/humiliation of kids
· most effective at times · Destruction of kids’ pride and dignity
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UNIT SIX: TEENAGERS
WRITING TECHNIQUE
Persuasive Essay
Ø Questions
1. Refer back to the text to fill in the following graphic organizer.
“Don’t laugh at a youth for his affection; he’s only trying on one face after another
until he finds a face of his own”. This quote clearly stages the confusion that all
1 Hook
st
teenagers experience during their quest to find their identity, for adolescence is
a sensitive and arduous period of time where a teen is neither a kid nor an adult
and is in a constant search for an identity of his own. As such, communities
ought to beware the way in which their adolescents are being raised and the
ways in which they handle the predicaments they might come across.
Unfortunately, nowadays teenagers are being exposed to more detrimental and lethal
conflicts and dilemmas, especially with the progress of technological innovations
and the drastic alternations in their society and values due to globalization, especially
in their desperate attempt to find their own identity and reality.
3rd Thesis As any other subject of discussion, the teens’ desperate search of identity is a dead
Statement serious problem which parents should be aware of and play an active role in since
it has myriad physiological and social effects that demand care and attention from
parents and immediate protective measures.
2. What type of introduction is used in the above text, and what function does
it serve?
statement.
3. Underline the topic sentence in body paragraphs 1 and 2.
Topic Sentence 1:Parents should be psyched up to assist during
adolescence since knowing that teenage is characterized by an unstable
state of physiological change, it is nothing but normal for a teenager to
have a sense of confusion towards himself.
Topic Sentence 2: Moreover, parents should be alert since teenagers would
face detrimental social problems due to their identity crisis and their
desperate need to fit in.
4. What is the function of the conclusion?
The conclusion sums up and wraps up the text restating the stand that the
author is trying to convince his/her readers of and provides a piece of
advice regarding the urgent need for parents’ active involvement in aiding
their teens.
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UNIT SIX: TEENAGERS
Assessment Test
Part One: Reading (Score: 11)

In the following article, the author casts light on the 2001 Youth Risk Behavior
Surveillance System report. Read it carefully then answer the questions set
on it.
Risky Behaviors
1 Although fewer teenagers in this country are considering suicide than they
were a decade ago, teens are still putting their lives at stake by engaging in
a number of risky behaviors. While suicidal ideation in young people has
decreased over the past decade, they are endangering their lives by engaging
in other types of reckless behavior, according to the 2001 Youth Risk Behavior
Surveillance System report.
2 The study, conducted by researchers at the federal Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC), reveals trends in the extent to which high
school students engage in risky behaviors. The study, which the CDC has
conducted every other year since 1991, measures how often teens considered
or planned to commit suicide, used drugs and alcohol, fought with peers,
carried weapons, and engaged in sexual intercourse, among other behaviors.
The CDC report concluded that “too many high school students nationwide
continue to practice behaviors that place them at risk for serious acute and
chronic health problems.”
3 In 2001 researchers received 13,601 completed surveys from high school
students in 150 randomly selected schools across the nation. The data are
representative of all high school students nationwide. Researchers analyzed
the students’ responses and compared them with those from past years and
found that some unhealthy behaviors have decreased in number over the past
decade, while others have increased.
4 One piece of good news that emerged is that teens are thinking about and
planning suicide less frequently than they were a decade ago. The percentage
of teens who seriously considered suicide dropped 10 percent since 1991—
from 29 percent to 19 percent in 2001. About 19 percent of teens actually
planned to attempt suicide a decade ago, and this figure dropped slightly to 15
percent last year.
5 In addition, the number of teens who carried a weapon (defined as a gun,
knife, or club) dropped from 26 percent in 1991 to 17 percent in 2001. While
43 percent of high school students engaged in physical fights in 1991, 10
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UNIT SIX: TEENAGERS
percent fewer students did so in 2001.

6 Risky sexual behavior is also on the decline. The percentage of students
who ever had sexual intercourse decreased from 54 percent to 46 percent in
the past decade, and the percentage of those who had four or more sexual
partners decreased from 19 percent to 14 percent of the sample at large.
7 The study also tracked drug use over the past decade. Researchers found
that usage rates of certain drugs have fluctuated. For instance, the percentage
of teens who used marijuana at least once in the preceding month rose from
15 percent to 26 percent from 1991 to 1997, and then dropped slightly to 24
percent by 2001. Cocaine use rose from 5.9 percent in 1991 to a little over 9
percent in 2001.
8 Researchers also ascertained the percentage of teens who used inhalants
(15 percent), heroin (3 percent), methamphetamines (10 percent), and steroids
(5 percent) but had no comparison data from 1991 since survey questions
about these drugs were not asked then. The percentage of students who had
five or more alcoholic drinks within a couple of hours on one or more occasion
during the past month has remained constant between 1991 (29 percent) and
2001 (30 percent).
9 The data from the biennial survey is used by legislators and policymakers
to improve policies and programs that reduce health risk behaviors in teens.
The data are also used to measure progress in achieving the national health
objectives set by the Department of Health and Human Services in 2000 in
its Healthy People 2010 prevention agenda (Psychiatric News, January 1,
1999). The agenda lists 467 national health-related objectives to lengthen the
lives of Americans and improve their quality of life. Some of the objectives
address reducing drug abuse, physical fighting, and the carrying of weapons
by adolescents, for instance.
Eve Bender
Questions
Ø
A. Answer the following questions in 1-4 sentences of your own.
1. List the forms of behavior practiced by the teenagers that were considered
by the study conducted by researchers at the federal Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention in. Why were they regarded as serious? (Score: 01)
2. What did the results of the studies conducted by CDC between 1991 and
2001 reveal about the behavior of teenagers? Explain. (Score: 01)
3. According to the text, who would make practical use of the CDC biennial
survey? How? (Score: 1.25)
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UNIT SIX: TEENAGERS
B.
1. What purpose(s) does the second sentence in the opening paragraph serve?
(Score: 1.5)
2. What is the general tone of the reading selection? Justify. (Score: 02)
C.
1. What type of writing is the above reading selection? Explain.(Score: 1.5)
2. Identify the sentence pattern of each of the following: (Score: 01)
a. Sentence 1, paragraph 1: “Although fewer teenagers in this country…..
risky behavior.”
b. Sentence 3, paragraph 7: “For instance, the percentage ….dropped
slightly to 24 percent by 2001.”
c. Sentence 1, paragraph 8: “Researchers also ascertained the … these
drugs were not asked then.”
d. Sentence 4, paragraph 9: “Some of the objectives address reducing …
instance.”
D. In the above reading selection, Eve Bender sheds light on the results of
2001 CDC survey. Skim paragraphs 4 through 8 and fill in the chart below
with appropriate information as indicated. Copy the chart in your booklet
and use phrases. (Score: 0.75)
Risky Behavior that Risky behavior that Risky Behavior that
decreased (one) increased (one) was constant (one)
1. 1. 1.
E. Pick from paragraphs 1,4,7,and 8 words that have the same meaning
as the following: (Score: 01)
a. planning _______________________ (Paragraph 1)
b. a little _______________________ (paragraph 4)
c. changed; swung _______________________ (Paragraph 7)
d. found out _______________________ (Paragraph 8)
63
UNIT SIX: TEENAGERS
Part Two: Writing (Score: 09)

Teenagers have a huge amount of spare time that they may misuse by getting
involved in risky behaviors which could endanger their health. In a 250-300-
word essay of unified, coherent, and properly sequenced paragraphs, discuss
this problem, and then suggest solutions by showing how teenagers can benefit
from their time in a positive way and avoid falling in troubles. See that, in
your introduction, you put your reader in the general atmosphere of your topic
and clearly provide a thesis statement; and that each of your body paragraphs
starts with a topic sentence which you back up with relevant supporting details
and reasons from your reading, observation and life experience. Draft, revise,
and proofread your essay. Your writing will be assessed for ideas, language,
style and tidiness. (Score: 05 for ideas and organization; 03 for language and
style; 01 for tidiness and legible handwriting)
Question Answer Key Score

Competencies:
Utilize reading strategies
Develop literal and interpretive comprehension of
printed discourse
Produce transactional writing
I-A-1 The variables that were under study included teens’ 01
consideration or planning to commit suicide, using drugs
and alcohol, fighting with peers, carrying weapons, and
engaging in sexual intercourse, and other behaviors.
Such acts are very dangerous because they might cause
serious acute and chronic health problems.
I-A-2 The studies conducted by researchers at the CDC 01
between 1991 and 2001 showed that in early years
many students practiced unhealthy behaviors that put
them at risk. But the study conducted in 2001 cited some
change; it revealed that some dangerous behaviors have
decreased while others have increased. But the positive
thing is that the number of students who thought of
suicide has dropped 10 percent.
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UNIT SIX: TEENAGERS
I-A-3 First, legislators and policymakers can use the data 1.25
collected to improve policies and programs to reduce
risk behaviors that endanger teens’ health. Second,
The officials at the Department of Health and Human
Services who set their objectives in Healthy People 2010
prevention agenda can use the data to measure progress
in achieving the national health objectives such as
lengthening the lives of Americans and improving their
quality of life.
I-B-1 In paragraph 1, sentence 2, the writer repeats the same 1.5
idea presented in the first sentence of the same paragraph
that teenagers are less considering suicide but are
getting more engaged in other types. This is the main
idea of the text, thus repetition is used to add emphasis.
Moreover, the writer in the second sentence supports
his idea by the 2001 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance
System report. In this way he achieves objectivity and
credibility.
I-B-2 First, the writer is pleased and optimistic because 02
he reports “good news” that statistics show that the
percentage of students who consider and plan suicide
has dropped since 1991. However, he is worried and
alarmed since teenagers are still engaging themselves
in risky behavior which endangers their health. At the
end of the text, the writer is again relieved and feels
hopeful because there are plans to improve policies and
programs to reduce risky behavior in teens and a health
agenda was launched and still works on improving the
quality life of Americans.
I-C-1 The text is informative and the writer uses the analytic 1.5
approach. He gives statistics, and analyzes the
percentages of teen’s risky behavior by comparing
percentages tracked in 1991 and 2001.
I-C-2-a Contrast (although), Time order (a decade ago) 0.25
I-C-2-b Exemplification (for instance), time order (then); 0.25
comparison
I-C-2-c Contrast (but), cause-effect (since), listing; comparison 0.25
I-C-2-d Listing, exemplification (for instance) 0.25
65
UNIT SIX: TEENAGERS
I-D ((0.25 each) 0.75

Risky Behavior that Risky behavior Risky
decreased that increased Behavior
that was
constant
1. Considering and 1. using certain 1. Drinking
planning suicide drugs (marijuana alcohol
2. Carrying weapons and cocaine
3. Engaging in
physical fights
4. Engaging in
sexual intercourse
I-E-1 ideation: planning; paragraph 1 0.25
I-E-2 slightly: a little; paragraph 4 0.25
I-E-3 fluctuated: changed/ swung ; paragraph 7 0.25
I-E-4 ascertain: discover, make certain; paragraph 8 0.25
II-A Ideas and organization 05
II-B Language and style 03
II-C Tidiness and legible handwriting 01
66
UNIT SEVEN: Human Rights and Values
Lesson One: Brittany Maynard: “Goodbye World”

Euthanasia
Reasons for Reasons against
1. Putting an end to one’s pains/ 1. Possibility of finding a remedy
sufferings
2. Avoiding economic, social and 2. Possibility of error in diagnoses
financial burdens
3. A sign of freedom and decision- 3. A sign of submission
making
4. An act of bravery 4. An act of cowardice
1. c
2. b
3. a
● Comprehending the Author’s Point of View (page 152)
1. Brittany sparked the national debate; her willingness to “die with dignity”
and her insistence on her freedom of choice made of her a national figure.
2. She is portrayed as a woman with a militant spirit, so defiant, so beloved,
and so determined.
3. Her family, her friends, mass media and many other organizations stood by
her side and offered her utmost help.
4. Mrs. Brittany’s case has created a lot of controversial debate and
disagreement. Some people were supportive and empathetic, others looked
at it as something unethical and wrong.
5. a. Euthanasia was banned in certain states and permitted in others.
b. He is in fact neutral, neither with nor against.
1. The text is divided into four different parts:
The introduction (paragraph 1) which serves as a summary for the whole
text.
67
Paragraphs 2-6 highlight Brittany’s case, her reactions to the diagnosis and
her decision to put an end to her pains and die in dignity.
Paragraph 7 furnishes as a transitory paragraph that describes the way she
died.
The fourth part paragraphs (8 and 9) focuses on the controversial attitudes
towards her decision.
2. Paragraph 2 gives background information about Brittany’s disease
as a cancer patient and her decision to put an end to her biological and
psychological suffering.
3. The writer focuses on Brittany as a live example. Such a technique (a)
arouses the reader’s interest, (b) achieves objectivity and credibility and
finally (c) gives the text a big touch of authenticity/realism. After all, that’s
Brittany as a reality.
4. Short paragraphs are, generally speaking, more appealing and interesting to
the reader. They are used because the issue(s) raised do(es) not need that
much elaboration and discussion. Still, short paragraphs are most effective
in dramatic situations where the writer simply throws flashlights no more.
A.
1. Unwillingness (paragraph 1): disinclination
2. Short lived (paragraph 2): ephemeral
3. Spread (paragraph 4): disseminate
4. Melancholic (paragraph 5): despondent
B.
Euthanasia
For Against
1. A sign of bravery and courage 1. Apathetic and disdainful
2. A right of self ownership 2. An act of killing
3. Advocation of liberty 3. An immoral act
C. What do the words, bold-typed] in the above text, refer to?
1. that (paragraph 3) refers to deadly glioblastoma
2. that (paragraph 3) refers to the dream (everything terminally…)
3. what (paragraph 6) refers to something to be done
4. that (paragraph 9) refers to the previous idea of killing ….
68
Lesson Two: To ERR IS Human - To Delay Is deadly

The Inside Story of Ella Tannous Case
● Approaching the Text (page 155)
1. b
2. a
3. c
● Comprehending the Author’s Point of View (page 157-159)
1. The purpose of the writer is to spot light medical on errors in Lebanon:
their causes and dramatic effects.
2. The causes are many. They vary from staff shortages, heavy workloads,
poor exchange of information to fear of asking questions and to political
and legal issues.
3. Ella is a victim because her limbs are amputated, while Dr. Maalouf suffers
arbitrary imprisonment and disgraceful portrayal by mass media.
4. It’s controversial because there is nothing final or accurate about it.
Additionally, things are mixed up, which devoids the whole case of credibility.
1. In fact, the thesis statement is the last sentence in paragraph 1. It highlights
two basic issues- causes and dramatic effects of medical errors- which are
fully developed in the body of the above text.
2. These percentages and statistical figures in paragraphs 2 and 3 shed light
on the reality of the medical field in Lebanon and consequently prepare the
reader for the dire case of Ella Tannous.
3. It is a cause-effect thematic relationship. Paragraph 3 exposes the causes
behind medical errors, and paragraph 4 states their dramatic effects. The
phrase lead to in sentence 1 of paragraph 4 reinforces such a relationship.
A.
Problems Faced Solution Suggested
1. Lack of neonatal care unit 1. Proper care unit
2. Lack of credibility 2. Modernizing and liberating the
disciplinary councils
3. Absence of a “clean” judiciary system 3. Foundation of a free and just system
4. Staff shortage and heavy workload 4. Proper staff and relaxing work
atmosphere
69
B.
1. sickness (paragraph 1): ailment/disease
2. utilized (paragraph 2): usurped
3. encourage (paragraph 3): instigate
4. randomly chosen (paragraph 7): patched up
WRITING TECHNIQUE
Argumentative Essay
Activity:
1. Refer back to the essay above to point out the pattern of argumentation
used.
The author utilizes the first pattern since he develops his argumentative
essay in 3 body paragraphs supporting his stand followed by a fourth body
paragraph which presents the counterargument and refutation.
2. Underline the thesis statement in the above text.
The thesis statement is “Although some claim that embracing euthanasia
grants one the right not to suffer, the notion of legalizing euthanasia should
not be acknowledged since it violates one of the most essential human
rights which is the right to live, is rejected by religion, and might become
a slippery slope leading to involuntary euthanasia.”
3. What type of introduction does the author use? What function does it serve?
statement which highlights his stand and argument.
4. What is the author’s stand and how did he/she defend it?
The author is against euthanasia, and in an attempt to defend his position,
he refers back to its cons which include violating human rights, being
rejected by religions, and enabling involuntary euthanasia.
5. Write a well-structured essay in which you argue with or against capital
punishment.
Answers will vary.
70
Assessment Test
Part One: Reading (Score: 11/20)

Read the following article about the plights of some domestic workers in
Lebanon. When you are through with the reading, answer the questions as
required.
Lebanon Cannot Be ‘Civilized’ While Domestic Workers Are Abused
1 In Lebanon, people working in private households are excluded

from the protection of labor law. More than 200,000 migrant workers,
mainly women, work in Lebanese households. Although they constitute a
large proportion of the workforce, they do not enjoy the same rights as, for
example, local shop assistants or factory workers. In other words, Lebanon
may have a liberal reputation, but its domestic workers suffer some of the
worst discrimination in the Middle East.
2 Last week, a video surfaced online showing an Ethiopian maid in
Lebanon being beaten and dragged. In the distressing footage, the woman is
kicked, verbally abused and then dragged into a car, allegedly owned by the
man who runs the agency that employed her. Reportedly in a fragile mental
state, she had refused deportation back to Ethiopia, but clearly did not want to
return to her place of employment. The man orders her to shut up, and while
several bystanders urge him to leave her alone, they do not intervene. The
video sparked outrage and received widespread attention from human rights
organizations within and outside Lebanon. The woman was later admitted
to hospital. Two days ago, it was reported that the woman in the video had
hanged herself using a bed sheet.
3 This is not an isolated incident. Domestic servants in Lebanon from
the Asian sub-continent and East Africa are not only single women unprotect-
ed by kin or friends in an alien environment, they are also at the bottom rung
of the economic ladder, and racially, they fall at the bottom of the spectrum.
Across the Middle East, sponsorship rules on foreign workers and the strat-
ification of rights based on nationality and skin color combine to enable the
victimization of these women.
4 No country in the Arab world is free from racial discrimination. But
there is a perception, encouraged by the eagerness with which people in other
countries, particularly Gulf ones, devour Beirut’s cultural exports and stan-
dards of beauty, that the Lebanese are somehow superior to other Arabs in that
71
they are more liberal, more occidental in inclination and above all else, much
lighter-skinned and ,therefore, more “attractive”. The last 20 years have wit-
nessed an invasion by Lebanese music and entertainment. After many painful
years of civil war that crippled the country, Beirut emerged, unencumbered
by the conservatism of the majority of Middle Eastern countries, more “mod-
ern” and “civilized”. However, it surprises few in the region that the worst
discrimination occurs in Lebanon, and that it is inflicted on only certain races
and nationalities.
5 Stories about the mistreatment of domestic and foreign workers have
emerged with regularity. They range from the distressing to the ridiculous.
Earlier this year, a Beirut bar had to cancel a fancy-dress event inviting guests
to dress as domestic workers and “create your own maid costume, speak like
them and look like a Phillipino”. Last year, the public beating of a group of
Sudanese people holding an event in support of a cancer charity was added to
the litany of embarrassments.
6 In 2008, Human Rights Watch reported that “domestic workers are
dying in Lebanon at the rate of one a week”. The phenomenon became so
widespread, particularly among Ethiopians, that a Lebanese blogger set up
Ethiopian Suicides, a website dedicate to documenting the deaths and the
conditions that led to them. The International Labor Office published a paper
on foreign workers in Lebanon and stating that: “live in and runaway mi-
grant workers are ‘unfree labor’ in the sense that they do not have the right
to choose an employer without permission from the state authorities. Nor do
they have the right to withdraw their labor from their sponsor or employer
without being rendered illegal and thus liable to arrest, imprisonment, and
deportation.”
7 Against this backdrop of a legal vacuum and racial hierarchy, condi-
tions are ripe for abuse. The irony is that Lebanon does have a political cul-
ture that is somewhat more advanced than many Arab countries, in that local
groups are lobbying for the rights of migrant workers and putting pressure
on the government to reform – something that would be unheard of in Saudi
Arabia, for example. Farah Salka from the Lebanese Anti-Racism Movement
says that it is time for a redefining of the word “racist” in Lebanon. Hopefully
across the region we can also begin to redefine the meaning of “civilized”,
making it not only about dress, physical beauty and liberal lifestyle, but em-
pathy with other human beings whatever their race or nationality.
72
Questions
Ø
A. Answer each of the following questions using 1-3 sentences using your
own words and style.
1. Scan the text for three instances that show discrimination against foreign
workers in Lebanon. (1.5)
2. What lies behind the persistent discrimination against many foreign workers
in Lebanon? Support your answer with evidence from the article. (01)
3. Explain the statement published by the International Labor Office in
paragraph 6.(0.75)
B.
1-Is the thesis statement of the above article implicit or explicit? If it is explicit
,write it down; if it is implicit, suggest one.(1.25)
2- How are paragraphs 1 and 2 thematically related? What cohesive devices
link the two paragraphs? Explain. (1.25)
3-Provide at least 2 different specific examples from the article to prove that
the writer has achieved credibility. (01)
4- Identify the patterns of organization used in paragraphs 2 and 4. Write the
indicator(s). (01)
C. Summarize paragraph 5 in one sentence only. (1.25)
D. What does each of the following bold-typed words in the article refer
to? (01)
1. they (paragraph 2)
2. this (paragraph 3)
3. it (paragraph 4)4. we (paragraph 7)
E. Scan Paragraphs 2, 3, 4 and 7 for words that correspond with the
definitions below: (01)
1.the removal from a country
2. arranged into social classes
3. western4. promoting/influencing
Part Two: Writing (09/20)
In 2012, the death of an Ethiopian migrant worker who committed suicide days
after being abused made international headlines. How can we as Lebanese
civilized citizens protect the migrant workers from racial discrimination?
Suggest possible ways to improve the workers’ conditions in our country.
73
Support your ideas with authentic examples and logical evidence.

Develop your ideas in a 200-250-word essay of unified, coherent, and properly
sequenced paragraphs. See that, in the introduction, you put the reader in the
general atmosphere of the topic and clearly provide a thesis statement; and
that each of the body paragraphs start with a topic sentence which you back
up with relevant ,supporting details. Draft, revise, and proofread the essay.
Your writing will be assessed for both content and form. (Score: 05 for ideas,
03 for language and style, and 01 for tidiness and legible handwriting).
Answer Key
A. 1- They are beaten and dragged; they do not have the right to choose
an employer; they don’t have the right to withdraw their labor from their
sponsor or employer without being rendered; they are liable to arrest,
imprisonment, and deportation.(Any 3 are correct;0.5 each)
2- Cultural, social and political reasons along with the absence of legal
systems or clear laws to protect the domestics lie behind the persistent
discrimination against many foreign workers in Lebanon.(0.5)The writer
states that ‘across the Middle East, sponsorship rules on foreign workers
and the stratification of rights based on nationality and skin color combine
to enable the victimization of these women.’ Besides, there is a backdrop
of a legal vacuum and racial hierarchy.’…(0.5)
3- The statement mentioned by the International Labor Office means that
domestic workers in Lebanon cannot choose their employers or change
any work contract so they are like slaves who get imprisoned , beaten or
deported from Lebanon for any reason.(075)
B. 1- It is explicit.(0.25) It is stated at the end of the introduction : “Lebanon
may have a liberal reputation, but its domestic workers suffer some of the
worst discrimination in the Middle East.”(01)
2- It is case-illustration/exemplification.(0.25)Paragraph 1 generally presents
the case of discrimination against domestic workers and in paragraph 2
we see the case of a Ethiopian domestic who suffers to death.(0.5) The
indirect links are the synonyms abused/kicked/hanged (Paragraph 2) of
suffer (Paragraph 1)(0.5).
3- There are many examples in the article:
a) Numbers/figures (200,000 migrant workers – Paragraph 1)
b) Names of organizations(Human Rights Watch, International Labor
Office- Paragraph 6)
74
c) Dates (The last 20 years –Paragraph 4 ;2008 – Paragraph 6)

(Any 2 are correct; 0.5 each)
4- Paragraph 2 = Chronology (0.25)– The Indicators are ‘Last week, then,
later ,two days ago’(0.25)
Paragraph 4 = Comparison-contrast(0.25)- The indicators are ‘But, more,
However’ (0.5)
C. In paragraph 5 of the article ‘Lebanon Cannot Be ‘Civilized’ While
Domestic Workers Are Abused’, the writer reveals some sad cases/
examples of abuse that some domestic workers are subjected to in Lebanon.
(01)
D. (0.25 each)
1. they= several bystanders
2. This= the incident of the woman hanging herself/committing suicide
3. it = discrimination
4. we = activists from the Lebanese
E. (0.25 each)
1. deportation 2. hierarchy 3. occidental 4.lobbying
75

76

Selfies: The Good, The Bad and The Irritating

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Selfies: The Good, The Bad and The Irritating

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New Streams in English

UNIT ONE: Current Issues

Lesson One: Selfies: the Good, the Bad

Connecting to the theme

Analyzing Stylistic Features

Lesson 2: Beating the Odds, and a Storm, to Get a Transplant

Approaching the Text

3- It deteriorates if not transplanted within 12 hours of being removed (Para.

5. a)Chronology(Time order).The indicators are ‘early Monday, soon, at,

Introductory Paragraphs and Conclusions

Definition, Citation, Statistics,

Form 1: Restating the Thesis Statement + Providing the Author’s Opinion

C. Determine the pattern of organization of the following sentences.

UNIT TWO: Environmental Issues and Natural Phenomena

Lesson One: World Leaders in Paris for Climate-rescue Summit

Connecting to the theme

commitments and to report each other and the public on how to be

Emission of huge amount of World Union and cooperation to

Lesson Two: Earth Is Experiencing a Warming Spurt

Connecting to the theme

Analyzing Stylistic Features

Negative: 1. Warming levels for periods

3rd Thesis Pollution is an inevitable outcome of people’s misuse of natural

Part One: Reading Comprehension  (Score 11/20)

a discernible human influence on global climate.” In the summer of 1997,

UNIT THREE: Technology

Lesson One: Is Technology Taking Over? (pages 61-67)

Connecting to the Theme

information about the topic and grabs the readers’ attention.

2. partial hands-off flying 2. two deck crew

3. dependence on wheel to adjust 3. set of buttons and switches

4. three deck crew

Lesson Two: Is Video Gaming the End-Boss

NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB

C. 1- diagnosis 2-exacerbated 3- compulsions 4- significant

Effect of Video Games on Child Development

Danielle Dai and Amanda Fry

Part One : Reading

Part One : Reading

of such behavior of neglect on the child.(0.5)The hooks that emphasize

UNIT FOUR: Health Issues

Lesson One: PA Sugar Low (page 83)

● Connecting to the Theme

● Analyzing Stylistic Features

Lesson two: Living the Vegan Dream (page: 91)

● Connecting to the Theme

Analyzing Stylistic Features

College Weight gain: It May not be the Dorm Food

vacillating Wavering (paragraph1)

gravitate To be strongly attracted(paragraph6)

UNIT FIVE: Ecological Issues

Lesson One: Lebanon: an Ecological Disaster Zone

Connecting to the theme

Lesson Two: Ecological and Social Problems

3. The writer in paragraphs 5 and 6 is serious, critical, concerned and worried.

2. In paragraph 7, the author emphasizes the group’s suggestion to listen to

Part One: Reading (Score: 11)

The Problem With Energy Efficiency

1 OAKLAND, Calif. — ON Tuesday, the Royal Swedish Academy of

Part Two: Writing (Score: 09)

UNIT SIX: TEENAGERS

Lesson One: The Culture of Kids Bullying Their Parents

● Analyzing Stylistic Features

Part One: Reading Comprehension (Score 11/20)

Part One: Reading (Score: 11)

Part Two: Writing (Score: 09)

Part One: Reading (Score: 11)

Part Two: Writing (Score: 09)

Part One: Reading (Score: 11/20)