‘MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY AT NAAWAN College of Education and Social Sciences Integrated Developmental Schoo! Naawan, Misamis Oriental LEARNING MODULE Mathematics 8 Intermediate Algebra 2™ Quarter % aC ony Scanned with CamScannerRational Algebraic & ES 1 Expressions cimiothas 5° Lets begin the lesson by cevewng some te previous lessons ad focusing your thoughts on the lesson. re e : —. i oe ad ———- ‘There ate verbal phrases below. Look for the mathematical expression in the figures that corresponds to each verbal phrase. 4. The rat of a number x and four added to two ‘The product ofthe square root of three and the number y ‘The square of 1 added to twice the w Ten times a number increased by sic ‘The cube of the number = decreased by nine ‘The cube root of nine less than a number i ‘Anumber i aised tothe fourth power What did you feel while translating verbal phrases to mathematical expressions? 2. What must be considered in translating verbal phrases 10 mathematical phrases? 3. Will you consider these mathematical phrases as polynomial? Why ‘or why not? How will you describe a polynomial? previous activity deals with translating verbal phrases to polynomials. You also ‘some examples of non-polynomi translating verbal phrases Is is one of the key concepts in answering word problems. als are expressions but not all expressions are polynomials. In this:lesson some of these expressions that are not polynomials y L scanned with Camscanne!“Ayanpe yxou ayp uo yey at UI suo; 3noge UONLUYEP UMO sNOK 2311 gsuo|ssaidxa jeuopes auYap NOA Led ‘MON “suossauc aU aue € pue z sanianse 243 u ‘SuoneALaSGO sno, “suo|ssaidx oJesqa8le jet ‘Awe wy 249 sewouKod-uou pue sjewoukjod vooaq s2ouarayp pue soavepuas ai ‘uydex6 41 a2xU09 OF PaPSNDY ~ BV OF UDI. 1S8U09 pue avedwon “92008810 De O49 U SLoNSUe INOK asf 3seU0 pue asedwo9 “¢ AUARIY ‘sjenuousjod-uou asauy aquosag Esrewousjod ary wos s2yIp SjenuoUAjod-UoU asain op MOH “W8s sepun sjewousjod-uou asay} 1s!7 ZsjeNwWOUKjod Jou axe YOIUM ‘AYANDE Buy U] Sle|wouxjod asauy aquosag apes 4apun sjelwoukjod asouy IST] 2.2WV 0111 UoIeW. 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In symbols: o where P and Q are polyramias 2 and Q 40. 's above, you had encountered rational algebraic expressions. You might jebraic expressions with negative or zero exponents. In the next activities, You will define the meaning of algebraic expressions with integral exponents including negative and zero exponents . RECALL LAWS OF Activity 7. Let the Patten answer EXPONENTS Complete the table below and observe the pattern. Ble] A [elec] A [el ¢ 8 2 [32 | 3eaa-a3 | 3° | 243 [aeanaeana | 4° | 1,028 = 3333 corr) 333 aed 33, ry °K 3 4 x Power of a Product For any real numbers x and ‘and any postive integer a: \Wnat do you observe a you answer eau 8? fe a8 you answer column C? exponent decreases? ‘each cellox related 10 its Use your observations in the activity above to complete the table below. of. st s,hULHhl™h B ats 3 | 243 | 4 | 1.024 | [exe | 2 3 # x 2 3 - 4a x Z| ? e ¥ 2 3 4 x 2 3% a x 2, [3 4 xt ro) 3 ee x 3 3 - re) scanned with Camscanne!- What did you observe as you answered column A? column 8? 2. What happens to the value of the numerical expression when the ‘exponent decreases? 3. In column A, how is the value in each cell/box related to its upper or| lower celox? 4. What do you observe when the number has zero exponent? 5. When a number is raised to a zero exponent, does it have the same| value as another number raised to zero? Jusiify your answer. 6. What do you observe about the value of the number raised to a 7. egative integral exponent? ‘What can you say about an expression with negative integral exponent? a “s ° Do you think itis true to all numbers? Cite some examples? Exercises Rewrite each item to expressions with positive exponents. bt 5. def 9. 2 xty 2 & Ga 10. 3. wis? 7, 4. amo 8 Activity 8. Who is right? n> . Allan and Gina were asked to simplify a Their solutions are shown below together with their explanation. Allan's Solution Po sa pen © Quotient law was used in}! expressed the exponent of the my solution. denominator as positive integer, then followed the rules in dividing polynomials, Who do you think is right? Write your explanation on a sheet of paper. You have learned some concepts of rational algebraic expressions as you performed jous activities. Now, let us try to use these concepts in a different context. Scanned with CamScannerActivity 9. Connect to my equivalent Mi | latch column A to its equivalent simplest fraction in column B. A B 5 1 20 Tr 8 " + 4 + + 5 % z 6 + + How did you find the equivalent fractions in column A? Do you think you can apply the same concept in simplifying a rational algebraic expression? You might wonder how to answer the last question but the Key concept of simplifying rational algebraic expressions is the concept of reducing a fraction to its simplest form. Examine and analyze the following examples. Illustrative example: Simplify the following rational algebraic expressions 1. Aa+ Bh “4a, 8 ang GCF ani kai 4. Mao ge factor pinaagi sa 12 paggamit sa ilang GCF. Solution garb = 4(a+20) 4a+ 8h Aa+2h) @ core T2493 ‘Ang 12 daghan og factor pero ang gigamit 4 times 3 _ at 2h ani para ma cancel ang 4 nga naa sa 4(a+2b) as Dill ma divide daresto ang 15 09 12 pero pwede ni ma reduce pinaagi sa pagkuha sa ilang mga factor >» Asie 415=3°5 TZ 412= kani daghan pero 3°4 ang gigamit para ma cancel ang 3 nga naa sa 15 Solution 152itte Sa variables imo ra lantawon asa ang common dayon Rearw gamita ang pinakagamay nga exponent. ee S#* common ang ¢ 0g d sa taas og ubos. Ang 2 fnga exponent sa c og 4 nga exponent sa d pinakagamay sa expression mao pwede nato ma express og c¥d* para ma cancel . dte chacadtee Bw Fededew Scanned with CamScanner3 Segre ‘Kani kung walay GCF then sulayan na kung factorabie v~ bah ang expression using special products og trial and, ‘Solution error nga paagi sa pag factor og polynomials ait Bx +2 _ (r+ Afrt 2) BHT A ix 1) =tt2 Based on the above examples: 1, Whats the first step in simpiitying rational algebraic expressions? 2. What happens to the common factors in the numerator and the denominator? Exercises ‘Simply the folowing rational algebraic expressions. 1 wtBeea 4 witGmes ya3-4 mma? a2 = 5r~ 14 2 Bt Ser 2807 8 Raa a —¥=9 Po Ire 2 Activity 10. Match it Down Match each rational algebraic expression to its equivalent simplified expression from choices Ato E. Write the rational expression in the appropriate column. if the equivalent is ‘not among the choices, write it in column F. A+ B14 IE w+ 6a+5 at 3a? = 6a aT Bir + 6143 a2 (a+ 2a +1) 3° = 270 +125 a-8 Ba + Sa +2 G+30-35) a= 25 “at 8 18a? - 3a 3a-1 3a+1 a+ 102+ 25 =1F 6a 1-30 T¥ 3a +5 A B c D E FE or simplifying rational expression 1ube.com/watch?v=uVpsz-xpnPo Scanned with CamScanne2 Operations on SS Rational Algebraic Expressions — {mn the first lesson, you learned that a rational algebraic expression is a ratio of two Polynomials where the denominator is not equal to zero. In this lesson, you will be able to perform operations on rational algebraic expressions. Before moving to the new lesson, let's review the concepts that you have learned that are essential to this lesson. In the previous mathematics lesson, your teacher taught you how to add and subtract fractions. What mathematical concept plays a vital role in adding and subtracting fractions? You may think of LCD or least common denominator. Now, let us take another perspective in adding or subtracting fractions, Ancient Egyptians had special rules on fractions. if they have five loaves for eight persons, they would not divide them immediately by eight instead, they would use the concept of unit fraction. A unit fraction is a fraction with one as numerator. Egyptian fractions used uit fractions without repetition except >. To be able to divide five loaves among eight persons, they had to cut the four loaves into two and the last one would be cut into eight parts. In short: ora 276 jty 11. Multiplying Rational Algebraic Expression ine and analyse the illustrative examples below. St 4 ‘example 1: Find the product of 3 and oo! =p 3 *————_, (5) (2nanr Express the numerators and denominators into prime factors if possible. Simplify rational expressions using laws of exponents, Scanned with CamScannerMustrative example 2: Multiply © and ae : ay 388 Qn ee et Be Kani ang 4 gihimo nga (2)(2) . aaa ang 10 gihimo nga (2)(5) 2N°NW) a factor mangud mas dali 6) makita asa ang common sa numerator 0g denominator mao sayon pag cancel. 5 4x24 121+9 r= Mustrative example 3: What is the product of 7g and aa es 8 ave tare9 (2+ 37 O° 2-15 ~~ (a-syarta) Gx- tas) 2325 + 3) Kani naay difference of two squares (2x— Sera) (2x MQ | naa pud perfect square trinomial. So op 2t3 kinahanglang dyud to inyong ge ton- ey -) an sa factoring aron maka simplify ae ‘0g operate sa rational expression |. What are the steps in multiplying rational algebraic expressions? 2. What do you observe from each step in multiplying rational algebraic expressions? ding Rational Algebraic Expressions the following illustrative examples. of two rational algebraic expressions is the product of the dividend and sor: In symbols, « gpa a Scanned with CamScannerMlustrative example 4: Find the quotient of Gab? 9 Gal? Bic fed ~ BIE * Ged * OFF = 23) = (2>yie2 K Multiply the dividend by the feciprocal of the divisor. Oral SF — Wie Cs Perform the steps in multiplying fational algebraic expressions. Mlustrati : Q3+x-6 v~2r-8 Mustrative oxample 8: Divide BO 2=8 py a Bro 2¥+y-6 | v-2x-8 BNF 7x45 * BF 20 2 BE +1=6 | 27-31-20 24745 a8 / = A2x= 3x42) (x 42x + 5) SRF BAHAY (CF 2a =4) Why do we need to factor out the numerators and denominators? (2x~ 3)orFip—ajanesy What happens to the common Osa Nhe at factors between numerator _ (a3 and denominator? “ert 2 2t=3 xT 81x29 27x22? x24 2x41 | 36y T2xy 4 Fares? 5 Sxt,_tex eT TST 16x? + 24x +9 4x7 + 11x46 Scanned with CamScannerActivity 13. Missing Dimension Find the missing length of the figure . ‘The area of the rectangle is 3? =100 white the length is 2°74 20. Find the height igth 1S “30 of the rectangle. How did you find the missing dimension of the figure? Enumerate the steps in solving the problem. SUMMARY/SYNTHESIS/GENERALIZATION: Now that you have completed this module, let us summarize what have you learned: 1. Rate-related problems can be modelled using rational algebraic expressions. 2. Arational algebraic expression is a ratio of two polynomials where the denominator is not equal to one. Any expression not equal to zero raised to a zero ex} When an expression is raised to a negative integeral exponent, the multiplicative inverse of the expression. 5. Arational algebraic expression is in its simplest form if there is no common prime factor in the numerator and the denominator except 1 To multiply rational algebraic expressions, multiply the numerator and the denominator, then simplify. To divide rational algebraic expressions, multiply the dividend by the the divisor, then multiply. ponents always equal to one itis the same as Be ‘eciprocal of Scanned with CamScanner