The p-Block Elements >» ee M\ DIRECTIONS questions, Hack question has four chotces (a, (B),(€) aml (d) Tis se contains muliple choles out of which only one i correct. 1. Concentrated nitric acid, upon long standing, turns yellow brown due to the formation of @ NO @ NO, @ NO Inthe reaction HINO, +P,0j9 > HPOs +X, the product Xis @ NO, © NO, © NO, @ HO 3. Ammeniun catalytic oxidation givesan oxide from which nitvic acid is obtained. The oxide is @ N,0; ® NO © NO; @ 4. The correct decreasing onder of base strength is: (@) Asi >SbiH, > PH, > NH, (0) SoH; > Aslly > PH > NH (@)_NH > Ply > Asits >SbHT @ NO, N305 (@) PH, > AsH > SbH, > NH ‘5. When exthophosphori acids heated 10 600°C, the produet formedis, @ PH, ©) 7,0, © HPO, @ HPO, 6. ‘The number of PO Phonds in cycle metaphosphorie ids @ 7 @) two © thee @ four 7. Nitrogen forms N,, but phosphorus is converted into P, fiom P, the reason is (@) Triple bond is present between phosphorus atom () Py —P, bonding is stone (© P,P, bonding is weak (0) Muluiple bond is Formed easily 8 Alinity for hydrogen decreases inthe group from urine {oiodine, Which ofthe halogen acids should have highest bond dissociation enthalpy? @ IF) Ha © me @ mt 10, 2, 13. 14, o Innitoge fay theFENEHbond angle nthe ides sraally tees closet 90" en pon om N to Sb “Thisshows tt aratlly (0) Thebes strength of yids incomes (©) Almost pure poral as wed fr Ml bonding {© Thebond energies of Mi bods inease (@ The bond pi of elasros beans mene othe cena aem ‘The deep blue colour produced on adding exes of ammonia to cope sulphates uso prosnce of « [eu(sm), (10), @ cw (© [oun (© [Cu(NH}, (420), ] S~S bond is not present in @ 5,07 © 5,02 Which ofthe following on thermal decompesition gives © $,0F @ $0} ©) PbO, (@)_ All of these In the preparation of HINO,, we get NO gas by catalytic ‘oxidation of ammonia. The moles of NO produced by the ‘oxidation of two moles of NH, will be @2 3 ©4 @6 Fluorine exhibits an oxidation state of only 1 because ()_itcan readily accept an electron ()_ itis very strongly electronegative (©) itisanoo-metal (@_itbelongsto halogen family Which of the following is the best description for the behaviour of romine in the reaction given below ? H,0 + Br, > HOBs + HBr (@). Proion acceptor only (©) Bothoxidized and reduced (©) Oxidized only (@) Reduced only”. 18, 19. 20, a1. 2. 2 26. 2. 28. », Atroom temperature, HCLisa gas while HF is low baling liguid. Thisis because (@) H-P bondis covalent {®) TF bondis ionic (©) HFhasmetalicbond (@)_ HE has hydrogen bond The oxidation state of central atom ia the anion of compond Nall, will be @ 3 ® 45 © +1 @ -3 ‘Thecorec onde ofinstensing oxidising power is @ FEBQ>A>l— ) FF PL @ L.HBr>RC>HF (b) HF>HCI>HBr>HI (@ HO>HF>NBe>HI (@) HCL> HBe>HF> HE The reaction of KMnO, and HCI results in (@) oxidation of Mn in KMnO, and production of CL, (©) reduction of Mn in KMnO, snd production of H, (© oxidation of Mn in KMnO and production of H, (reduction of Ma in KMaO, and production of Cl, ‘Which one is most stable to heat — @ ico (b) HCO, © 110, (@) HCO, ‘Whi ofthe following is isvelecuonie pir? @ 1c,,co, (b) BO, Bek © CO,BF @ C0, ‘The sequence ofacidie characteris {@ $0,>C0,>CO>N,0, (b) $0,>N,0,>CO> 0, © ¥,0,>80,>c0>€0, @_N.0,>80,>0,>C0 ‘The structure of XeF, is (@) Distorted octahedral (b) Pyramidal (©) Terahedtal (6) None ofthe above .Thehyiolysis or tallehlorosilane RSC, yed @ RSO ®) Sion, © RS-OSR, — @ RSOLD, ‘Oxidation states of in HPyOs, HPO, and 142307, ae respectively: @ arsed ® +See © 150493 (@) 130405 Which of the following elements can be involved in pr dr bonding? (8) Carton (©) Nitogen (©) Phosphorus {@)_Boroa Which one ofthe following halide does not hydrolyse @ SC GAC, © PC, NI, Catalytic oxidation of NH, (passing a mixture of NH, and. air over heated Ps gauge) gives @ NO HNO ON, HNO, 30. a 32. a 34. 35. 36. a7. 38 3. Chemistry ‘By mixing ammonium chloride to potassium nitrite and heating, we get (@) Ammoniumnitrate —_ ¢b) KNHNO)), (©) Niteogen (@) Nitrogen dioxide If phosphorous acid is allowed to react with sufficient quantity of KOH, the product obtained is @ KPO, () KHDO, © KHPo, (@) KHPO, In the preparation of compounds of Xe, Bartlett had taken. (0§ Pug as a base compound. This is because (@)_ both O,and Xe have same size. (0) both O, and Xe have same electron gain enthalpy. (©) beth O, and Xe have almost same ionisation enthalpy (@_ both Xe and O, are gases. Which one ofthe following pairs is obtained on heating (@ Nymdo (© NOandiLo Which ofthe flowing statements is wrong? © NOmndH0 (@) NoandNo, @ Single —Nbondisstronger than thesingleP—P bond Plf,can et asa ligand inthe formation ofzoordinaton ‘compound with transition elements. (9 NO, isparamagnetieinnature (W) Covaleney of nitrogen m NO, four Which of the flloniag properties of white phosphorus ate shared by red phosphorus? (@) Ttphosphorescences in air ©) tt burns when heated in aie (© Iteissolvesin C8, (@)_Iteeacts with NaOH to give PH, Which ofthe following orders garding thermal stability of hides MH, of group 15 is correct? (@) NU,>PH> ASH, @) NIL, PH,AsH, Incorret statement abeut PH, s @) Is produced by hydrolysis of Ca 0) It givesblack ppt. (Cu,P,) with CuSO, solution (© Spontaneously bums in presence of PH, (@ Ie doesnot react with Bi, Sulphuric acid has great affinity for water hocanse it @) Decomposes water (©) Forms hydrate with water (©) Hydolyse the acid (@_Decomposes the acid ‘Which one of the following statements is wrong? solves in water and forms sulphurous acid 0 (@ SO, actsonly as oxidising agentThe p-Block Elements 40, a. 2. 8. 4 45. a. 48. 9. Which one ofthe following is wrong? (@) Oxygen and sulphur belong to the same group of periodic table () Oxypen isa paswhile sulphn is solid (©) Both oxygen and sulphur show +2, 14 and +6 ‘oxidation states (@ HS has no hydrogen bonding. Sulplat does not exist as 8, molecule because (6) Tris less electronegative (b)_Ithas ability exhibit eatenation (eis notable wo constiture pp bond (@)_Ithas the tendency to show variable oxidation states Insolid stare PCL, isa (covalent solid (©) cetahedal structure (©) ionic solid with [PCI,]* octahedral and [PCI] tetrahedral (@ ionic solid with {PC,]" tetrahedral and (PC, extaharal Which of the following solutions does not change its colour on passing ozone theoueh if? {@) Starch iodide solution {b) Alcoholic solution ofhenzi {©} Acidiesolution of K,Cr.0, @ Acidiied solution of FeSO, Incase ofhyelrido of oxygen Lai which of the following physical property change regularly on moving down the Broup, (0) Melting point (©) Thermal ability {© Boiling point (© Ciel temperature ‘The correct sequence of decreasing number of s-boadsin the structures of H,SO,, H,SO, and H,8,0, is (@) H,S0,>11,80,> HS¥ (0) H,80,>1,S,0,>11,50, © HS,0,>HS0,>180, (@) HS,0,> H,80,>H80, ‘The number of S—S bonds in $0, $308 SOF respectively are @) 10.0.1 &) 10,10 © 01.10 @ 01.01 A brown ring is formed in the ring test for tive tothe formation of @ [FeG,0),NO}*— @) FeSO,.NO, ©. [FeGLO),(NO)J* ——@)_FeSO,-1IND, ‘When SO, gas is pased through an acidified solution of K.C.0, (9) the swotion becomes blue {©) the solution becomes eolourtess © SO, isreduced (@) groenCr{SO,),isformed Volatile nature of halogens is because (@)_ Thehalogen molecules are more reactive (6). The force existing between the molecules are only -woak van der Waal foros ion, This (© Hilogen molecules are bounded by strong forces (@) Halogen molecules are bounded by electrostatic forces 1. In the reaction: 3Br, + 6OH® SBre+BrO,0+3H0. Bris (@) Oxidised () Reduced (©) Disintegrated () Disproportionated |. The products of the chemical reaction between Na,S.0,, Ci, and H,Oare (@) S,HCL,Na,S0, (0) SHEL Nas (©) S,HCL.Nas0, @ S.Nacio, . Elements of group- 15 form compounds in +5 oxidation State. However, bismuth forms only ane well characterised ‘vompound in +5 oxidation sate. The compound is @ BLO, © BF, © BCL @ BIS, Electron gain enthalpy with negative sign of fluorine is Tes than that of chlorine due to (@)_ High ionization enthalpy of urine (©). Smallersizeofchlorine ator, (©). Salle size of Buorine atom (@_ Bigger size of2p orbital of urine |. Intheeaseof alkali metals, the covalent charucer deeases| inthe order: (@) ME>MCl> MBr> MI (&) MP>MCl> MI> Mr (©) MI>MBr>MCl> MF (@) MCI> MI> MBr> ME 5. Of the intethalogen AX, compound, CIE is most reactive but BrF, has higher conductance in liquid state. This is because (@) Dr, has higher molecular mass (©) CH ismare volatile (©) Br, dissociates into BrF,-and BrF- most easily (0) Electrical conductance does not depend oa concentration 5. XeF;, on partial hydrolysis with water produces a ‘compound *X’. The same compound Xi formed when ‘XeF , reacts with silica, The eompound"X’ is: @ Xr, W) XeFy—_©) EOF, @ XeO, . Which compound s prepared by the following rection? Xer2m — Nivel, (tsvotuneraiey PRS Fam () Xe, XFL) Xe, @) XLOF, What are the products formed in the reaction of xenon ‘hexafluoride with silicon dioxide? (@) XeSi0,+HF () Xek,+SiF, (©) XeOF,+SiF, (@) Xe0,+SiF, 1. Liquid fow from a higher toa lower level. Which ofthe following igus ean climbup the wall ofthe glass vessel invwhichitisplaced? (@)Aleohol © LiaidN, () Liquid He () Waterrz) (60, Helium-oxygen mixture is used by deep seu divers in preference to nitrogen-oxygen mixture because (a) Nitrogen is much less soluble in blood than hetium (b) Helium is much less soluble in blood than nitrogen (©) Nitrogenis highly solublein water (@) Due to high pressure deep under the sea nitrogen and oxygen react to give poisonous nitric oxide, |. Xek, dissolves 1m anhydrous HE to give # good ‘conducting solution which contains: (@) Wand Xefy ion (b) Hand Xb} ions © WNeFg and” ions) None of these Incerest statement regarding following reactions is +Excess 1,0, a. Xer, — aa Ye (0) Wisexplosve (6) "'Yisanoxyacid ofxenon (© Bothare example ofnon-redox reaction {@)_XeF can undergo partial hydrolysis. Tonic radi (in A) of As, Sb" and Bi" fellow the order (0) As >Sb"> BR" ()Sbi*> Bi >As" (©) BP>A9*> Sb" (@)_-BI> Sb*>AS* Sung vec Deleviout oF H,PO, is de (@)_ low oxidation sae of phosphorus (©) presenve oftwo— OH groups and one P —H bond (6) presence of one — OFT group and two P—11 bonds ()_ high elecion gain enthalpy of phosphorus ‘Which of the following statsments is not correct for nitrogen? (0) Itselctronegativity is ery high (0) dorbitasare avaiable far bonding © isatypicalnon-metal (@)_Itsmolecularsizeissmall CColletvely the elements of group 15 arecalled— {@) pnicogens {b)_pnicopens (©) nicopen (@) None ofthese On heating lead nitrate forms oxides of nitrogen and lead The oxides format are.. (NO. @) NO, 0 ©_NO,RO (@) NO.Pi0, Which one ofthe following cements s most malic? OP OA OS OF 6s. ‘The three important oxidation states of phosphorus are (@) -3.*3and+s (b) -3,3and—5 (@ -3.:3ande4 ‘Which of the following elements does not show allotopy? () Nitrogen (6) Bisonuth (©) Antimony @ Arsenic Hydrochloric acid at 25°C is, {@)_ ionieand tiquid (©) ionieand gas n () covalent and Liquid (None of these n. 18. 2. cs 84. 85. Chemistry . Which ofthe following can be used as an anaesthesia ? @ NO OM © NA, @ NO, . ‘The catalyst used in the manufacture of HNO, by Ostwald’s process is (@) platinum gauze (©) finely divided nickel (©) vanadium pentoxide (@) platinum black |. Which ofthe following isnot vtrehedral in shape? @ Nuj ) Sic, © SF @ sof ‘What is hybridization of P in PCI? Or OF © wd Oe “Maximum eovaleney of nitrogen @3 5 ©4 @6 "The bleaching action of ehorine is due to (@) reduction (6). hydrogenation (©) chlorination (@ oxidation Atroom temperature, HCLisa gas while HF isa low beiling Tiquid. This is because (@) H-Fbond is covalent (6) H-Pbondis ionic (©) HP hasmetallicbond (d) HF has hydrogen bond 2. Hluorine exhibits an oxidation state of only ~1 because (@) itcan readily accept an electron. (©) itis very strongly electronegative ©) itisanon-metal (@)_itbelongsto halogen family Which ofthe following acids forms three series of sats? @ HPO, (©) HBO, (© HPO, () HPO, ‘Which element outof He. Ar, Kr and Xe fons east number of compounds ® @ He OA © k @ x ‘The element whieh has not yet boon reacted with Fs @ A OX OF @R ‘Which ofthe following pairs ofions are isoelectronic and ‘isostructural? (@ cod, Noy (6) cloz, coe (© so}. Noy @) C105, 80%" Which of the following isthe fife saving mixture for an asthma patient? (0) Mixturcofhetism and exygen () Mixture of neon and oxygen (©) Mixture of xenon and nitrogen (8) Mixture of argon and oxygen ‘Argon i used >. in‘illing airships ©) tookvain low temperature (©) inbigh temperature welding (3). inadiotherapy fr treatment ofeancer low maay bridging oxygen atoms ute present in P,O,,? @5 06 @©4 @2The p-Block Elements 87. Whichofthefllowing noble paseshas the highest positive lectron gain enthalpy value? (@) Wet ©) Krypton (©) Argon (@) Neon 88, PCI, rents with water to nm @ Pi, (®) THRO, anaticr @) Tod, @ po, 89, Which ofthe following group 15 element forms metalic ‘bonds in elemental state? @A&s OP OS WH 90, Which of these doesn’t exis? @ Pt Pil © Lal, © Py a \\—_ DIRECTIONS : Following are the case/passaxe based questions >» Case/Passage-] Inthelast 10 years much has been lead about the molecular structureofelemental sufi. Is now known that many different types of rings are sulliciently metastable to exist at room temperature for several days. It is known that at high ‘temperature, the equilibrium compositicn allows fora variety of| rings and chains oexist in comparable concentration, and itis known thatat the boiling pont and above, the vapor as well as the iguid contains small species with thee, four, and five ators ‘The sulfur atom has the same number of valence electrons as ‘oxygen. Thus, sulfur atoms 8, and S, havephsical and chemical properties analogous to those of oxygen and ozone. S, has a ‘a9ound state of 38 030" 3p 2nip,?—RBp,iat3p,! —F3p, SS, thiozone has a well known uv spectrum, and has @ beat structure, analogous to ts isovalent molecules ©, SO,, ad S,0, The chemistry ofthe two elements, sulphur and oxygen, differs because sulfur has a pronounced tendency for catenation. The ‘most Fequently quoted explanation is based on the electron sSruetur of te atom, Sula has low-lying unoccupied! 3¢oxbitals, and it is widely believed thatthe 4s and 3d orbitals of sulfur participate in bonding in a manner similar tthe patieipation of 2s and 2p osbitals in carbon, (Source: Mever,B. (1976), Elemental sulfa: Chemical Reviews, 76(3), 367-388. doi: 10.1021 603018003) [From CBSE Question Bank-2021] In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by ‘statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out ‘of the following choices on the basis ofthe above passage. (@) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and ‘reason is correct explanation for assertion, Assertion and reason both are correct statements but ‘reason is not correct explanation for assertion. Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement © © o Assertion: Sulphur belongs tosame group inthe periodic table as oxygen, ‘Reason: S, has properties unalogous to O, 92. Assertion: Thiozone hasent structure like ozone. ‘Reason: Ozone has a lone pair which makes the molecule bent, 93. Assertion: ‘Reason: The electrons in x°3p, and o* 3p, orbitals in S, are unpaired, 94, Assertion: Sulphur has a greater sendeney for eatenation than oxygen, ‘Reason: 3d and 4s orbitals of Sulphur have same energy: CasePassage-IL Th dsr and pera fcc of he nralge counts lowed riya dicey tecoms Mnclan se aed art AT nT sounteacrcany cay dana Sear oo, Seon parton an he Inaveysimlarmnetaalpen mest ened te ined opr bane ronnie CIE rel Iie ne onl opener nomads bwoun on of Plame aoe hampmto into soci ei om ete ltr poy eo aero Spe ero ese ort faces Poe Ta oT EA A eee eee earners Cfehc hanson an nant of noe sah moenoneisinveurunpd easton sadn hope (tobe ee roan lc of ne © Seyuencretnk oe @ tewy messes 96. Shisette bonigstemens recone? 6 aon flops rnin ty Sen ee nd aoe @ (@ Among inteshalogen compounds maximum number ‘ofatoms are present in iodine ucride Gv) Interhalogen compounds are more reaetive than hhalogen compounds, (@) @and Gi) © Gandy ©) @,GipandGiy © O.GianadGv,97. Which of the following is not the characteristic of imterhalogen compounds ? (@) They are more reactive than halogens (b) Theyre quite unstable but nome them is explosive (© Theyare covalent in nature (@_Theyhave law boing points and are highly volatile. DIRECTIONS : ach ofthese questions contains anasserion {followed by reason, Read them carefully and answer the ‘question on the basis of following options. You have to select the one that best describes the two statements (@) Ifboth Assertion and Reason are correct andthe Reason, is corret explanation ofthe Assertion () Ifboth Assertion and Reason are corect but Reason is nota correct explanation of he Assertion the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect. © 98, Assertion: interhalogen compoundlsare merereactive than Inalogens(exceptF) Reason: bond strength in interhalogen compounds is \weaker than halogen molecule except F-F. Assertion: CLE, is used for the produetion of UF, in the ‘nrichmentotU.,, Reason: CIF, ishypeegolie in natu ———\— DIRECTIONS : ach of hese questions contains an asserion followed by reason, Read them carefully and answer the ‘qestion on the basis of following options. Yau haveto select the one that best describes the two statements, (a) Ifboth Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason, is correct explanation ofthe Assertion () Lboth Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is nota correct explanation of the Assertion (©) Ifthe Assertion i corret but Reason is incorrect. (@)_ Ifthe Assertion i incorrect but the Reason is correct. >» 100, Assertion: Ozone is thermodynamically stable with respect to oxygen. Reason: Decomposition of ezone into axypen results in the hberation of heat [CBSE Sample 2021] [Assertion : When a metal is treated with cane, HINO, it ‘generally yields a nitrate, NO, and HO. Reason : Cone, HINO, reacts with metal and fest produces 44 metal nitrate and nascent hydrogen. The nascent hydrogen then further seduces HINO, to NO,, Assertion : Dinitrogen is inert at room temperature. ‘Reason : Diniirogen directly combines with lithium (o form, ionic nitrides. Assertion : Bond angle of H,Sis smaller than H,0. Reason : Flectroncpativity ofthe central stam increases, ‘bond angle decreases, 101 102. 103. Chemistry 104, Assertion : Both shombie and monoclinic sulphur exists SS, but oxygen exists a5 0, ‘Reason : Oxypen forms px prmultiple bond dc tosmall size and small bond length but px ~ px bonding is not possible in sulphur. 108, Assertion : Inert gases are Reason : Inert gases have stable configuration Assertion : Fluorine exists only in —1 oxidation state Reason : Flvorinehas 2s°2p* configuration, Assertion: The fluorine has lower reactivity Reason : F ~F bond has low bend dissociation energy: 108, Assertion: F -F bond in F, molecule is weak Reason: F atom issmall in size. Assertion: N, is less renctive than P, Reason: Nitrogen has more electron gain enthalpy than phosphorus. Assertion: HINO, makes iron passive ‘Reason: HINO, forms. protective layer of ferti nitrate on the surface of iron, Assertion: HI cannot he prepared by the reaction of KI ‘with concentrated H,SO,, Reason: HI has lowest H halogen acids Assertion : Iodine is more soluble in watcr than in carbon, tetrachloride. Reason : fodine isa non-polar compound, Assertion :Atomsin S, molecule undergo sp" hybridization andeontain two tone pai on each atom, Reason :S, has a V-shape, Asser nixture of He and O, isused for respiration 106. 107. 109. 10, m1. X bond strength amon, m2, 113, m4, for deep sea divers, Reason : Tleis soluble in blood, o\—§— »»> DIRECTIONS : Fach question contains statements given it wo cohmns which have to be matched. Stawements (4, B, C.D) in colimn-T have to Be matched with statements (p, 4,18) in coh 115, Match the calumas Colm Colne (A) 2PHNO), TK, p) Tigh pressure favours 4NO, +2000, the oemation of roduet @ N,@)+0,e) = @) Product firmed isacidie 2NO(g) brown gas (© NANO, A, Thisreaction oeeus at N,0+2H0 high temperature about 2000 K ©) Ni@)~3Hg) =) Product frmediva 2NLL(@) neural colourless pasThe p-Block Elements 116, 47, © A-69),B-@,C-).D-@) ©) A-@.B-@9.C-.D-@ © A-@,B-@.C-.9,D-) @ A-@.B-G.9),C-(P,D-0) Match the columns Column Column (@) Usedinmanufieture —(@) Ammonia ofcaleium cyanamide © Usedinmanufieture —@)_Niticacid ofnittic acid © Usedinpicklingot — stainless stel © 4-©.B-@.C-@ ©) A-@).B-0.C-@ © A-O.B-@.C-@) @ A-@.B-.C-0 ‘Match the columns Column Oxyacid) Dinitrogen Column-IL (Materials for preparation) (@) HPO, () Red Palka @ Hp0, @ POy+HO © 10, © P,0,11,0 ©) 1.0, (©) White? ata @ A-0.B-©.O-@.0)-@) ©) A)-@), B-©, ©-@.0)-@) © A-0.B)-.O-@.D)-@ @ A-@.B-O.)-O.D)-) ora rn {\\——» DIRECTIONS + Complete the folowing statements with an appropriate word / term to be filled i the Blank space(s). 118. Nitrogen reacts with ealeium and earbon or when N, gas {is passed over heated calcium carbide at 1070 K) it gives, Which ian imporiaat fertiliser marketed under the name nitrofium 119, ‘The least number of oxyacids are formed by 120, Potassium chlorate on heating with cone H,SO, gives 121, Inthe ckathrates of xenon with water, the nature ofbonding ‘between xenon and water molecule is 122, Instantaneous intermolecular force is most responsible in allowing xenon gas to liquify Sie \—» DIRECTIONS « Read th olowing watements and vty answer a true or fase 123, NO ispuiied by absorbing m FeSO, solution 124. Ovonesanafotropie modification of oxygen 128, HCIO, does not have is hypo acid 126, Fluorine exhibit positive oxidation states 127, Helium can frm elatate compoundsChemistry ANSWER KEY & SOLUTIONS () The slow decomposition of TINO, is represented by the equation 4HNO, + 4NO, + 2H,0 + 0, (getlewsecwn) (@) 4UINO, + ?,0,,—+ 4HPO, +2N,0, 0) ANHYg)+S0Ke) + NO{G) + 6H,0(2) (O18) + 0.48) == 2NO.E2) NOE) | ILO ()—+ 21INO ag) | NOW) (©) Asthe sizeof central atom increases, the lone pir of «letrons occupies larger volume. Inher words eleaton densityon the central atom decreases and consequentty is tendeney to donate a pur of electrons decreases slang vw basic character fom Nt Bill, @) 2HsPO, SEE 2HPOs (© In cyclic metaphosporie avid, number of P-O-P eas ser of ke ‘oH (©) Nitrogen form N, (e. NaN) but phosphorus form P,, ‘because in P,, p, — p, bonding is present which is a weaker bonding. (@) On moving down the group, size of halogen atom increases hence, the H-X bond fength increases. As & result, bond dissociation enthalpy decreases Henoe, the correct order of bond enthalpy is H-P>H-Cl> H-Be>H-1 ©) VSEPR theory breaks down for heavier elements, Thereis no significant sp mixing for PH, onwards down the group. For PHL, there is very litte contribution from the P, orbital. We can assume the P-H bonds aze predominantly ,,H,, bonds. Thus, the geometry around is dutermined mostly by he orientation ofthe p-ebitals (0g. in BIR, the H-Bi-H angle =90° He 10. 2, 2B. 4, 16. 1 18, 19. 20. * ‘And the lone pair of Ti remains in Gs orbital. The s-orbtal is closer to the nucleus, which means that the negative charge ofthe lectrons is better stabilised. (> (eati0n80,- NOH —-1GK,0,(08 SeceNUOH (CuNH) LO), 9 ‘ ca ® 2Ag,0 (9) 44g) +O,(2) 2,0, (8) + 6PDO() +0,(8) 2PbO, (5) > 2PHO (5) +0,(2} (a) 4NH(g) + 50,(¢) hese, 4NO()+ 61,00) ‘hwo moles of NH, will produce 2 moles of NO on catalvtic oxidation () Itisthe most electronegative element “1 © H,0+8y—sHobrs Hie ‘Thus, here oxidation number of Br increases from 0 19°11 andalso decreases from 010-1. Thus, itis oxidised as well as reduced. @_Dueto hydrogen bonding, HF isa liquid (©) Letoxidation state of Pin Nall,PO, is Lee Leet 2e¢-2)=0 1i24e-4-0 +x-1=0 1 (@ Oxidising power deereases down the group, ©) On moving from top to bottom of halogen group the ‘bond dissociation energy of hydrogen halides decreases andso the heat of formation offhalopen aids also decreases (@) 2KMn0 4 +16HC1 > 2MaClz +2KC1+8Hj0+ SC, (0.8 of Min changes from +7 to +2 hence reduction occurs and Cl, is formed. @) As the oxidation state ofthe central hatogen atom increases, the halogen-oxygen bond becomes more and ‘more covalent. AS a result, the thermal stability of theThe p-Block Elements 2. 23. 24 26. n. 28, 29, 30, a 32. 3 M ‘oxoacid inereases. Thus, HCIO, is most stable to heat, Whereas HCIO is leas stable to heat, ©) Isoclectronic pair have same number of electrons “Total number of electsons forthe given compouncls bro, Bry 35426841-82 354942, Ich, co, BE SR42=IT-87 T+16=3B 35+9— 44 cw: 9, GAT 8x3 24 @ OwofN, Sand, nitrogen has the highestelectrone- _gativity and it dccrcase in the order N > $> C, Thus the ‘oxide of nitrozen in its highest (+5) oxidation state isthe most acidic. [Next toN,O, in the decreasing der acidity will SO, ther CO, and finally CO which is neteal () sp hybridization will give pentagonal bipyramid ecometry with one trans position occupied by a lone pair and shape ofthe molecule will bedistorted cctahedel XeF, sp'e hybridisation Y r (6) The hydrolysis of R,SIC1, yields R,Si(OH) which condenses to give R, Si-O SiR, Ry SiR, > Ry -Si-0-Si-R, @ HP,0,:4528+502)-0-x-43 HP.0,:4+28-+6 2)=O=x=+4 HP,0,:4424+7¢2)-O-x— +5 (©, Among carbon, nitrogen, phosphorasand boron oly ‘Phosphorus has vacant d-rbital hence, only phosphorus ‘has the ability to form pa — cx bonding. (@ DuetohighN—Fboad swength, NF, shighly stable and hence inet towards hydrolysis 2Nt1,+5/20,—B42no~aH,0 ° © Nitjcl+ ENO, —*9KCT+N; +211,0 HPO, +2KOH > K,HPO, + 24,0 (©) Barterthad taken 0} Peg ssabase compound bscase (and Xe bth ive almost stm ionisation enthalpy. () (Nit), C02 9N +411,04 610, (@) ‘The single — Nobond is weaker than the single P—Phond. Thisis why phosphorus show allotropy but nitrogen does not 0) 36a) 37. PH, (Lewishase) can react with BH, (Lewis ac, 38.) 39. (@)_ SO, acts as an oxidising agent as well as reducing agent 40. (©) Oxygen does not show oxidation state-+4 and +6 4 ©) 42. (@)_Insold sttePCI,cxissasanioniosold wth hecation [PCI,}erahea) andthe anion PCL, octahedra. 43. (9) Ozone does not react with acidified solution of KC, 44. (6). Order of MP of Br cial temperature H,O>H,Te>HSe>HS 48. (@ Number of bonds Hence (¢) is the eorrest option. 47. (@) When freshly prepared solution of FeSO, isaddedto ‘an aqueous solution containing, NOs io ‘oxmation ofa brown coloured complex. This is known as ‘brown rng test for nitzate ion, leads totheNoj +3Fe* 44H" + Nosare™ 4211,0 [re(ii20),F* +NO— [Fo(1430), (NO) "+40 Browne 48. @ K,Cr0, +11,80, +380, —> K,80) +Cr(804);+H,0 ‘Geen 9. 0) 0. @ ED os 3B, + COH® > SBr® + BrO,° + 31,0. SL. (@)_NaS,0, + 1,0 Cl, +Na,S0, +8 2FICL 52, @) ‘The only well characterised compound having + 5 ‘oxidation state of Bi is Bi, Itis due to smaller size and high electronegativity of fluorine (©) The electron gain enthalpy order for halogens is Clo F> BT Duco small size of Muorine the exira electr to be added felsmoreelectron-electron repulsion. Therefore fluorine |has less value for clostron affinity than chlorins. 54, (©) ML> MBr > MCI> MF. As the size of the snion decreases covaleney decreases (©) Inliquid tate BeF, dissociates into BrP, and Bek ions most easly $6. (0) XeFy+Hs0—+ XeOr, + 2H (Paral hydrolysis) Xe, +2H,0—+ XeO gf + 4HE SiO, +2XeF; > 2XeOF, + Sify roms wa) 7. $8, (0) 2Xehy +SiO, > 2NLOF, +8, 39. 0) @. 0) G1, 0) HF+ Xefg—9XeFd + Hy +X Hy 506, ee 2. &) Xk 9 L320 xe0,7, HF ™ Yisnocan oxjaci of xenon 63. (@ Ionieradi increases down the sroep 64. (@) The acids which contain P-L bond have strong reducing properties, Thus, H,PO, is a strong reducing agent due to the presenew of wo PH bonds and one OH group, 6. 66. or. 68. m0. n. n B ™ 15 16. n 18. 2. 80. Chemistry wou Hypophosphors aid © Incaseofnitzogen, d-obital are notaailble (0) Collectively these elements re called picogens and {nec compound pnicenides. ©) On heating, lead nitrate produces brown coloured nilrogen dioxide (NO, and ead (I) ow 2Pb(NO,), —*-+4NO, +2Pb0+0, (@ Metallic character increases down the group, Bi is ‘most metalic 3345 {@) Nitrogen doesnot show allotropy due tits smal size and high electonegativity. The N-N bond is weak due to high inter-eleuronie repalsions among. non- bonding electrons duet the small bond distance Hence, it does not show allotropy @ UChacid at 25°Cisa gasand polar in nature. @) NOs used as an anaesthetic @ 4NIly+so, "8 (©) SE, has seaesaw shape as shown below: > 4NO+6110 It has trigonal bipyramidal geometry having sp'd hybridisation (© Titvidisation in PCI,= 2(5+5+0-0) (© Maximum eovaleney of nitrogen is 4 in which one clatrons from s-rhital and 3 electrnsare from perbitals Hence, ttl four electrons are avaiable for bonding @ Bleactung action of ehlesine is due to oxidation in presence of moist. Ch +0 > HCL+ HCIO HCIO > HCI+0 Colouring mater =|0| —» Colourlessmatter (@ Duct hydrogen bonding, HF isa liguid (©) Itisthemostclectronegativeelement (©) Structure of H,PO, isThe p-Block Elements a. om 88. a. 89. ° P 04 }ou on HPO, his 3— OFT groups Le, thse inisble Hats and fene, it forms three series of sas: Nal,PO,, NaHPO, and Na,PO, (@) No compo of He as yo ben reported (0) Nocompeond of Aras yet been reported with F (@) Both Co} and NO havesame number ofeletrons, co} =6+8«3 12-22 NO} =7+8x341 Henee, CO} and NO} ateisocleetronc. Also, both have ‘same type of hybridization (sp?) and have trigonal planar structure. Hence, they are also isostructural (@) Mixture of(He~0,) is used for asthma patient, (©) Argon is used in high temperature welding and other ‘operations which require anon-cxidising atmosphere and the absence of nitrogen, 2 ° ® q tn PN pt, \M/ eo twidging ooo ° ones @ Fleciton gain enthalpy for noble gases is positive anditbeeomes less positive with increase in sizeof ator, Value of electron gain enthalpy He- 48kJmol-', Ne~ 16k mol" As, Kr—96 kb mol, Xe—77kI mal Hence, Ne has highest postive electron gain enthalpy. &) PCL,+H,0 — Poct, +211 POC, + 51,0 —> HPO, “3H @ Bismuth rmsmetalic bands in elemental state ©) PH, doesnot exist because d-obial of P"imteraets with sorbital of H. Bond formed is not sable and not a 2. 93. 96. on 98. 99, 100, 1m. 103. 108. 105, 106, 107. 108. ‘enetpetcally vorable, It depends on size and orientation of interaction ©) Sulphur and oxygen both belong to group 16 af the periodic able we aes Once Thiaoae © ‘Ozone molecules found to have bent shape Bocas done pair present on central oxygen atom repels the electrons ofthe two bonds. (@), also fxd to adopt ent shape. (©. Sulphur has greter endeney for catenation than cxveen because tone pai of oxyzen repel the bond © O bond to greater extent than the lne prs of SS- Sond. According to aff principle, the orbitals Jowerin neraythan the Soci (9, The bond energy ofinterhalogen compounds i ess than the bond eneray of halogens. (@ All halogens (leaving F-F) have stronger bond then ‘hatin intthalogns. @ _Interhalogen compounds are not highly volatile, @ ()) Interhalogen compounds are usefull Nuorinating agents. (@ Oronenthermoxynamicaly es table than onygen diet orgs negative Git’ fee eneray and decomposes casio form oxygen, @ = M +HNO,—> MNO; +H (tet (Cone) Mea rae) (Seseet copes) 2HNO;+ 2H —52NO; + 2H;0 (Nea conc ieee (©) At higher temperatures, dinitrogen combines with _metalsto form ionic nitrides, (© Bond angle of HS (92°) < H,0 (10431), As the lecironegativity ofthe central atm decreases, bend angle decreases. In the present case, Sis es electronegative than ‘oxygen. Thus, bond pairs in HLS ame more away from the central om than in TO and thus repulsive frees beween, ‘bon pairs aresmaler, producing swaller bond angle Oo) (9) Inert pases are moncatomic because they have table ceonfiguration as their octet is complete (a) Fluorine exists in only —1 oxidation ss absence of vacant «-orbital (©) Tluocineisa highly reactive non-metal duc tots low bond dissociation enerey. (@) Becauseof small sizeof Fates, ther is repulsion of electrons in F, molecule. Thus, F-Fbond in F, moleculeis. weak. e duet the109. (6) N, isless reactive than P, due to high value of bond dissociation energy which is due to presence of triple bond between two Neatoms of N, molecu. 1. (6) HINO, makes iron passive due to formation of passive form of oxide onthe surface. Henee, Pe doesnot dissolve in conc HNO, satution |) HI cannot be prepared by the reaeton of KI with ccancentrated H,SO, because HI is converted into I, on reaction with H,SO, 3. (@) Iodine, being anon-polar compound is more soluble im CCL, (non-polar compound) than in water as "ike dissolves like” (@). Shas puckered ring ype structure, (6) A mixture of He and O, is used for respiration by deep sea divers but Helium is not soluble in blood, . () a Cac, +N, HES Cacn, + ®)_NU, is oxidized to NO, Which is used to prepare nitric acid (© Steel metal is dipped in a bath of nitric acid’ hnydrofluotic acid. It strips the surface layer of stel removing impurities and free iron molecules; leaving an ‘even, satin Hike finish, (@) (AVP, 2CMOH), + 4HO—> 2Ca(H,PO,), +28, Go) pose) 7. (tite? (ee 118, 9. 120. 11. 2. 123. 124, 128, 126. 127. Chemistry “Thesaltisthen treated witha strong non-oxidizing ado sive hypophosphorous acid HPO; +H'—+H,P0, ®) P,0, +31,0— +2110, © PO,*6H0— 4H,P0, (D) P+ SHO, +4NaOH—> 2Na,HP wana ay 1Na,HLP,0, can be converted to H,P,0, by passing it ia anion exchange column, Calcium eyanamide Flousine LHCIO,, KHSO, chlorine dioxide 3KCIO, + 3H,S0, > SKHSO 4 + HCIO, + 20103 + Hy Dipole-induced dipole interaction Dipole-induced dipole Th. ‘Tr. ‘Truc; Hypo form of’ aid is derived from its pyro form, and TICIO, does not have its pyro form therefore itshypo form is not possible. False; Floorines most electronegative element in periodic table andexhibitsO.S, valueot 1 enly False.