Computer Programming C & C++ D.

IT-I

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND THEIR TYPES:

A language is system of communication. A computer programming languages are used to instruct the computer
hardware to perform specific task. These languages are divided into the following types

1) LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE (LLL): it is also called first generation language, because it was developed in
first generation computer in 1940. Computer understands it directly without any translation. That is why
it is called hardware language. It is also called machine language. The example of this language is binary
language which means 0 and 1. It is very difficult for the user or programmer to understand or write.
2) MEDIUM LEVEL LANGUAG E (MLL): it is also called second generation language because it was
developed in second generation of computer. It is the combination of both computer and user language.
Computer can’t understand directly. It needs to be translated first for computer. The example of second
generation language is Assembly language and the translator which used for translation the assembly
language instruction is assembler.
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3) HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE(HLL): it is also called 3 generation language because it was developed in 3
generation of the computer. It is easy for the user to write or understand. Because it is near to the user
language. Computer can’t understand directly. It needs to be translated first into low level language. The
example of this level language is C, C++ and java etc. and the translator which is used for the translation of
these languages are compiler and interpreter.
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4) VERY HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE(VHLL): it also called fourth generation language. It is developed in 4
generation computer technology. It is also called non-procedural language the reason is user only needs
to tell the computer what to do and how to do. These languages accelerate program process and reduce
the coding error the example of these languages is query languges, MS Word, Ms Access and MS Excel
etc.
5) OBJECT ORIENTED LANGUAGE(OOL): OOP (Object Oriented Programming) is a technique in which
programs are written on the basis of objects. Objects may be person, place or thing of the real world. It is
the modern method of programming. In this method the code is divided into different class. Class is the
combination of data members and member function. Java and C++ are also Object Oriented Languages.

TRANSLATOR:

It is software used to translate one into another language. This software is used to translate the instructions of
high level language (user language) to low level language (computer language). There are three basic translator
software are used. These are:

ASSEMBLER: it is translating software used to translate the assembly language instructions into low level
language.

INTERPRETER: It is translating software used to translate the High level language instruction into low level
language. It is very slow the reason is it translates one line at a time and if any error occurs in the program it will
stop otherwise it goes to the next line. It does not keep any backup file for next time translation.

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Computer Programming C & C++ D.IT-I

COMPILER: it is translating software used to translate the high level language instruction into low level language.
Almost now a day the compiler is built in all software, because it is very faster and save the time. It translates the
whole program at a time. And all the errors if exist in the program will show in list form. It also keeps backup file
for next time translation.

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