EARTH SCI SUMMATIVE TEST

1. C

2. D

3. A

4. B

5. SPECTROSCOPY

6. Spec.Gra

7. Red Shift

8. A

9. D

10. C

11. A

12. Saturn

13. B

14. C

15. A

For my own perspective, I think among the 5 theories and hypotheses about the origin of the universe,
the most accurate is the theory of the big bang, which was proposed by Georges Lemaitre. Since then,
this is the widely accepted theory that states that the universe was developed because of the expansion
of a hot dense that led to the explosion of everything that resulted in stars and galaxies that we can see
with our eyes in real life with the use of the different instruments. And in this theory, I also believe that
it is the most compelling one, for its notion is developed from the discovery that other galaxies are
rapidly moving away from our own in all directions, as if driven by a powerful prior explosive force.
Lastly, in this theory, it also says or illustrates why and how the universe's temperature and energy
distribution are so uniform.

17. Nebular: Picture A is the Nebular theory. We can see in this picture that the solar system began
as a cloud of molecular gas and dust and dispersed particles caused it to star to move and collide. could
have been caused by a passing star or supernova shock waves, but the end outcome was a gravitational
collapse at the cloud's center.

Tidal: Picture B is the Tidal theory. In this picture we can see that a massive tidal wave, triggered by a
passing star, was dragged into a lengthy filament and separated from the main mass. And because of
this concept or set-up, tidal forces were created, and the Sun's instability resulted in a portion of its
mass being pulled off to produce the planets.
Capture: Picture C is the Capture theory. We can see in the picture that the solar system formed from
interactions of sun and low-density protostar and conclude that the moon was a wandering body
because of its formation for it collide between the earth and another little planet.

18. My icon illustrates that in the theory of the big bang, it says that the universe’s
expansion is observable with the explosion of a single element in a definite time. We
can also see in my icon one of the evidences that this theory has, like the red shift light.
And this theory is the theory that the formation of atoms started, which eventually led to
the formation of stars and galaxies.

1. C
2. D
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. d
9. A
10. B
11. False
12. True
13. True
14. False
15. False
16. False
17. True
18. True
19. True
20. True
The hydrological cycle is a variety of mechanisms that divert water around the Earth's subsystems. The
sun's energy is the primary source of energy for the hydrological cycle. By evaporating water from the
oceans, reservoirs, streams, and even the soil, solar energy propels the cycle. The process of
transpiration transports other water from plants to the atmosphere. Plants can absorb water and return
it to the air through processes such as transpiration and photosynthesis. Water vapor and clouds are
formed when liquid water evaporates or transpires. Water vapors form during condensation, and water
droplets collect enough mass to drop down to Earth as precipitation. The precipitation would then
become run-off or ground water, also known as percolation, in which the water percolates into the deep
layers of the soil, reaches ground water or below the surface, and gradually moves back into the surface
reservoirs over varied periods. The water cycle is largely a closed system, which means the amount of
water in the hydrologic cycle now is the same amount that has always existed in the Earth system.