THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RELIGIOUS THERAPY ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL

CONDITIONS OF PATIENTS TREATING CORONA VIRUS DISEASE -19

ISOLATION TREATMENT IN REGIONAL PUBLIC HOSPITAL R. SYAMSUDIN, SH
SUKABUMI CITY INDONESIA

Nurhayati1, Anggraeni Reni2, Musheer3, Nisha4,

Laksana Budi Totong5, Alamsyah Suhendar6, Supradi7
1,2
Poltekes Yapkesbi Sukabumi, Indonesia
3,4
Lincoln University College, Malaysia
5,6,7
RSUD Syamsuddin Sukabumi, Indonesia
Corrresponding Author : Anggraeni Reni
Email : Renie.anggraeni@gmail.com

Abstracts

Introduction: Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is a new virus that is highly contagious, has
spread rapidly to almost all countries in the world since the end of 2019, including in Indonesia.
The spread of this virus occurs very quickly and requires isolation for anyone who is exposed,
especially patients with moderate and severe symptoms must undergo isolation treatment at the
hospital. Negative stigma has also emerged against Covid-19 survivors which results in
psychological disruption of patients. The patient has been feeling anxious and depressed since he
was confirmed positive for Covid-19. Methodology: This research used a quasima;-experimental
design involving a control group, with consecutive sampling involving 34 respondents. Research
Findings: Dependent t test was obtained, a significant difference in anxiety scores before and
after being given a religious therapy intervention with a p-value of 0.000 and a significant
difference in depression scores before and after being given a religious therapy intervention with
a p-value of 0.00. Conclusions: Religious therapy is effective in reducing anxiety and
depression. It is necessary to do further research on religious therapy in more homogeneous
respondents

Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Religious Therapy

1. Introduction
Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is a new virus that is highly contagious, has
spread rapidly to almost all countries in the world since end of 2019 and on March 11, 2020
WHO declared Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) as Global Pandemic (Cucinotta &
Vanelli, 2020) because it happened to 216 countries in the world (Covid.go.id, nd).
The high infectious rate requires all health workers involved in the treatment and care
of patients infected with Covid-19 to use complete and layered personal protective
equipment so that there is no opening for virus invasion into the body, because the corona
virus spreads through droplet infection, and aerosols when performing procedures which
manipulate the respiratory area (Wang, Qiao, Zhou, & Yuan, 2020). In addition to the use of
complete PPE (Personal Protective Equipment), health protocols must also be strictly
adhered to avoid contracting the Covid-19 virus.
The health protocol that was originally propagated as "3M" namely washing hands,
wearing masks, and maintaining distance has now become "5M" namely wearing masks,
washing hands with soap, avoiding crowds, maintaining distance and limiting mobility, must
be obeyed anytime and anywhere by all people, both health workers and the general public.
There is a misunderstanding from the community about keeping a distance from people who
are confirmed positive for COVID-19, people prefer to stay away from Covid-19 survivors
and their families, do not want direct contact, social stigma/negative associations, become a
phenomenon that appears in society, this has the potential affect the psychological condition
of people who are confirmed positive for covid-19, they get negative stereotypes,
discrimination, and get social harassment, as if being exposed to Covid-19 is a shame (Dai,
2020), some even reject and bullying (Agung, 2020).
To date (July 15, 2021) the world's population has recorded nearly 189 million
positive confirmed cases of Covid-19, with nearly 4.07 million deaths. United State America
(USA) is the largest contributor to the number, namely 34 million positive confirmed cases
with death toll of 608,000 people (WHO Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard,
data uploaded July 16 January 2021.
Indonesia is the 15th country infected with Covid-19 in the world, with 2,780,8003
positive confirmed cases, 504,915 being treated in health care facilities, 2,204,491 recovered
cases and 71,397 deaths (Online data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health, uploaded on
16 July 2021). The largest contributor to the number was Jakarta Capital Special Region
with an additional figure (July 16, 2021) of 714,595 positive confirmed cases. West Java
ranks 2nd after Jakarta, with the total of 488,689 confirmed cases (online data, Covid-19,
corona.jakarta.go.id). So far, in Sukabumi itself, six villages from 33 sub-districts in
Sukabumi City have red zone status.
At the beginning of the emergence of the Covid-19 case in Wuhan, China, The Corona
Virus was transmitted from animals to humans, but in later cases the mechanism of
transmission changed from human to human, and infected humans were the cause of the
spread of this virus. Covid-19 infection has a higher transmission and mortality rate
compared to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory
Syndrome (MERS), which previously became a global problem (Mahase, 2020) which are
similar diseases with the same cause.
Cullen, Gulati, & Kelly, (2020) in their research involving 1,210 respondents from 194
cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak
as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8%
reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress
levels. The results of this study also state that women are more susceptible to stress, anxiety
and depression. This is in line with research (Li, Wang, Xue, Zhao, & Zhu, 2020) on 17,865
active Weibo users using a machine learning model, which showed that there was an
increase in negative emotions (anxiety, stress) and risk assessment, while positive emotions
(happiness, life satisfaction) decreased.
The results of interviews with nursing health professionals in the Covid-19 isolation
room at Regional Public Hospital R. Syamsudin, SH said that many patients undergoing
isolation treatment felt anxious and nervous about their illness and they had to undergo
isolation, there were patients who tried to leave the Covid-19 isolation room individually
forced, and there were families who complained that their family members had to undergo
isolation treatment. The family's concern was conveyed as a form of rejection of isolation
treatment, because the family was not allowed to visit, let alone wait. This is enforced to
minimize human-to-human transmission because visitors or the patient's family do not use
complete PPE so they are vulnerable to transmission.
The patient's emotional experience when he was first diagnosed with Covid-19 was
feeling anxious, shocked, anxious and sad, especially when it was stated that he had to
undergo isolation treatment, it felt as if all hope and happiness had been lost. there is a
family that accompanies it and what's worse is that death always haunts feelings, because
news often spreads that the corona virus is so viciously eating away at the health of the
infected, it never occurred to him that he would suffer from a disease like covid-19 and have
to undergo isolation treatment so as not to infect other people. other. This has become a
phenomenon for almost every patient undergoing Covid-19 isolation treatment at Regional
Public Hospital R. Syamsudin, SH.
Attempts made by the government in general aim to flatten the infection incidence
curve and increase the recovery of patients who are confirmed positive, known as Flattening
The Curve (FtC). Psychological Service is one of the efforts of Flattening the Curve (FtC),
this program is an effort to provide psychological education for patients who experience
psychological problems that occur as a result of community stigma against Covid sufferers
(Zakaria & Hira, 2020).
What is more intensively being pursued by the government at this time is prevention
efforts for those who have not been exposed or who have been exposed with a minimum
distance of three months from the occurrence of illness, namely the covid-19 vaccination.
The types of vaccines given also vary with various products but with the same goal, which is
to prevent exposure to the Corona virus, while still instructing to continue to carry out the
"5M" health protocol even by providing sanctions for violators of the "5M" health protocol.
Individually patients who are exposed to the virus in various ways try to maintain the
balance of the body both bio, psycho, socially and spiritually. Religious coping is one of the
factors in creating spiritual happiness, psychological happiness and is predicted to minimize
or even eliminate anxiety and depression that currently occur in patients undergoing
isolation treatment. Psychological therapy and religious therapy play a very important role in
improving psychological well-being and spiritual well-being. However, it takes a process to
achieve psychological and spiritual happiness. The process of achieving happiness and
spiritual well-being must be supported by competent professionals (Hairina, Imaddudin, &
Saniah, 2020).
Meantime, the efforts made by health professionals are to restore the physical health
condition of patients undergoing isolation treatment by eliminating pathological events due
to the virus, and trying to get patients to be healthy again as before they were sick.
Meanwhile, there are still very few professionals who pay attention to psychological
conditions, religious and spiritual needs. In a situation like this, it is necessary to make
efforts to minimize and even eliminate anxiety and anticipate the emergence of depression in
patients undergoing isolation treatment at Regional Public Hospital R. Syamsudin, SH
Sukabumi City.
2. Methods
This research is a quantitative quasi-experimental design study involving a control
group. The sample is 18 people with non-probability sampling technique. The research was
carried out in the Covid-19 isolation treatment room, the Orchid Room of Regional Public
Hospital R. Syamsudin, SH Sukabumi City from February 2021 to June 2021 with
questionnaire instruments on Socio demographic Characteristics and Questionnaires of
Psychological Conditions.

3. Results
3.1 Univariate Analysis Results based on Demographic Characteristics in the
Intervention Group
Table 5.1a Frequency Distribution of Respondents Based on Demographic Factors
(Age) in the Intervention Group at Regional Public Hospital R.
Syamsudin, SH Sukabumi City, June 20201(n=17)
Variable Minimal Maximal Mean Deviation Standard
Age 35 80 59,11 12,85
Based on table 5.1a, it can be explained that the respondents based on age, the
average age of the respondents was 59.11 years, the youngest age was 35 years, and the
oldest age was 80 years with a standard deviation of 12.85.
Table 5.1b Frequency Distribution of Respondents Based on Demographic Factors
(Gender, Last Education, Occupation, Day of Care, Economic Status,
Marital Status) in the Intervention Group at Regional Public Hospital R.
Syamsudin, SH Sukabumi City July 2021 (n=17)
Variable Number Percentage (%)
Gender:
11 64,7
- Man 6 35,3
- Woman
Last Education:
- Elementary School 5 29.4
- Junior High School - -
- Senior High School 7 41,2
- University 5 29,4
Occupation:
 - Worker 2 11,8
- Lecturer 1 5,9
- Housewife 4 23,5
- Retired 4 23,5
- Civil Servants 1 5,9
- Entrepreneur 5 29,5
Treatment days:
2 11,8
- 2 Days 7 41,2
- 3 Days 4 23,5
- 4 Days 4 23,5
- 5 Days
Economic Status:
- Income < 2,5 million/month 9 52,9
- Income > 2,5 million/month 8 47,1
Marital status:
- Married 16 94,1
- Widowed 1 5,9
Based on table 5.1b, it can be explained that the proportion of respondents based
on gender, the majority of respondents were man 11 people (64.7%) while feman
respondents were 6 people (35.3%).
While the proportion of respondents based on their last education, the most
respondents were 7 high school graduates (41.2%), each elementary school and
university were 5 people (29.4%).
Meanwhile, the proportion of respondents based on occupation is dominated by
respondents who have jobs as entrepreneurs, namely 5 people (29.4%), others work as
housewives, 4 retirees (23.5%), 2 workers (11.8%) one is a civil servant and one is a
lecturer (5.9%).
While the proportion of respondents based on the length of treatment days that
has been taken, the majority of respondents have been treated for 3 days, 7 people
(41.2%), 4th day of treatment, 4 people (23.5%), and 5th day of treatment, 4 people
(23.5%).
The proportion of respondents based on economic status, the highest is
respondents who have income less than or equal to Rp.2.5 million/month there are 9
people (52.9%) while respondents who have income of more than Rp.2.5 million/month
are 8 people (47.1%).
 While the proportion of respondents based on marital status, the highest
respondent with married status was 16 people (94.1%), while the respondent who lived
as a widow was 1 person (5.9%).
 3.2 Univariate Analysis Results based on Demographic Characteristics in the Control
Group
Table 5.2a Frequency Distribution of Respondents Based on Demographic Factors
(Age) in the Control Group at Regional Public Hospital R. Syamsudin, SH
Sukabumi City, Sukabumi City, June 20201(n=17)

Variable Minimal Maximal Mean Deviation Standard

Age 34 66 47,41 9,72

Based on table 5.2a, it can be explained that the respondents based on age, the average age
of the respondents was 47.41 years, the youngest age was 34 years, and the oldest age was 66
years with a standard deviation of 9.72.
Table 5.2b Frequency Distribution of Respondents Based on Demographic Factors
(Gender, Last Education, Occupation, Day of Care, Economic Status,
Marital Status) in the Control Group at Regional Public Hospital R.
Syamsudin, July 2021 (n=17)
Variable Number Percentage (%)
Gender:
10 58,8
- Man 7 41,2
- Woman
Last Education:
- Elementary School 6 35,3
- Junior High School 3 17,6
- Senior High School 6 35,3
- University 2 11,8
Occupation:
- Worker 1 5,9
- Lecturer 1 5,9
- Housewife 7 41,2
- Retired 3 17,7
- Civil Servants 5 29,5
- Entrepreneur
Treatment days:
5 29,4
- 2 Days 3 17,6
- 3 Days 5 29,4
- 4 Days 4 23,5
- 5 Days
Economic Status:
 - Income < 2,5 million/month 11 64,7
- Income > 2,5 million/month 6 35,3
Marital status:
- Married 16 94,1
- Widowed 1 5,9
Based on table 5.2b, it can be explained that the proportion of respondents based
on gender, the majority of respondents were man 10 people (58.8%) while feman
respondents were 7 people (41.8%).
While the proportion of respondents based on the latest education, the most are
respondents with elementary and high school education respectively 6 people (35.3%),
3 junior high schools (17.6%) and 2 college students (11.8%).
Meanwhile, the proportion of respondents based on occupation is dominated by
housewives 7 people (41.2%), the others work as entrepreneurs 5 people (29.5%),
retirees 3 people (17.7%), worker and teacher respectively 1 person each (5.9%).
While the proportion of respondents based on the length of treatment days that
have been taken; the majority of respondents have been treated for 2 and 4 days each 5
people (29.5%), the 3rd day of treatment 3 people (17.6%), and the 5th day of treatment 4
people (23.5%).
The proportion of respondents based on economic status, the highest is
respondents who have income less than or equal to Rp.2.5 million/month 11 people
(64.7%) while respondents who have income more than Rp.2.5 million/month are 6
people (35.3%).
While the proportion of respondents based on marital status, the highest
respondent with married status was 16 people (94.1%), while the respondent who lived
as a widow was 1 person (5.9%).
3.3 Univariate analysis results based on psychological factors (anxiety and depression)
in the intervention group can be seen in the table below.
Table 5.3 Frequency Distribution of Respondents Based on Psychological
Conditions (Anxiety and Depression) Before and After Giving Religious
Therapy Interventions at Regional Public Hospital R. Syamsudin, June
2020 (n=17)
Variable Before Mean SD After Mean SD
Interventio Intervention
 n
Ma
Min Min Max
x
Anxiety 7 35 24,0 7,73 2 28 15,23 7,74
Depression 6 28 19,18 6,72 0 30 13,65 8,22
Based on table 5.3 it can be explained that respondents based on psychological
conditions (anxiety) before being given religious therapy intervention obtained an
average score of 24.0, the lowest score was 7 and the highest score was 35, with a
standard deviation of 7.73. After being given religious therapy intervention, the average
score was 15.23, the lowest score was 2 and the highest score was 28, with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 7.74. Meanwhile, respondents based on psychological conditions
(depression) before being given religious therapy intervention obtained an average score
of 19.18, the lowest score was 6 and the highest score was 28, with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 6.73. After being given religious therapy intervention, the average
score was 13.65, the lowest score was 0 and the highest score was 30, with a standard
deviation of 8.22.
Table 5.8 Distribution of Average Psychological Conditions (Anxiety and
Depression) Control Group on Measurement I and Measurement II at
Regional Public Hospital R. Syamsudin, Sukabumi City June 2020 (n=17)
P
Variable Mean SD SE Valu N
e

- Anxious measurement I 16,53 10,45 - - 17

- Depression measurement II 5,23 5,13 - - 17

- Differences in anxiety on 11,24 7,53 1,83 0,000 17

measurement I and measurement II
- Anxious measurement I 14,65 8,49 - - 17

- Depression measurement II 5,95 3,83 - - 17

- Differences in anxiety on 8,71 6,82 1,64 0,000 17

measurement I and measurement II
Based on Table 5.8, it can be explained that the average difference in
psychological conditions (anxiety) in the control group on measurement I and
measurement II is 11.24, with a standard deviation of 7.53. The results of the dependent
T statistical test obtained p-value 0.000 (<0.05), it can be concluded that there is a
significant difference between anxiety in measurement I and measurement II.
Meanwhile, the average difference in psychological conditions (depression) in
measurement I and measurement II is 8.71, with a standard deviation of 6.82. The
results of the dependent T statistical test obtained p value 0.000 (<0.05) with a df
(degree of freedom) of 16, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in
the value of depression in measurement I and measurement II.

Table 5.9 Distribution of Average Psychological Conditions (Anxiety and

Depression) in the Intervention Group and Control Group at Regional
Public Hospital R. Syamsudin, Sukabumi City, June 2020 (n=17)
Levene' P
Variable Mean SD N
s Test value
- Anxiety in the 15,24 7,74 0,046 0,000 17
Intervention Group
- Anxiety in the Control
Group 5,3 5,13 - - 17
- Depression in the 14,65 8,22 0,185 0,001 17
Intervention Group
- Depression in the Control
Group 19,18 6,72 17
Based on table 5.9 it can be explained that the average psychological condition
(anxiety) in respondents who varied (test homogeneity p value 0.046, <0.05) after being
given the intervention was 15.24 with a standard deviation of 7.74, while in the control
group measurement II is 5.3 with a standard deviation of 5.13. The results of the
independent T statistical test obtained a p value of 0.000, it can be concluded at 5%
alpha and there is a significant difference in the average anxiety in the intervention
group and the control group.
Meanwhile, the average psychological condition (depression) in homogeneous
respondents (p value homogeneity test 0.185, > 0.05) after being given the intervention
was 13.65 with a standard deviation of 78.22, while in the control group the
measurement II was 19.18 with standard deviation 6.72. The results of the independent
T statistical test obtained a p value of 0.001 (<0.05), it can be concluded that at 5%
alpha, there is a significant difference in the average depression in the intervention
group and the control group.
4. Discussion
4.1 Demographic Characteristics in the Intervention Group
The results showed that the characteristics of the respondents in the intervention
group were 59.11 years old, the youngest was 35 years old, and the oldest was 80 years
old with a standard deviation of 12.85. At an age that is not young anymore, the
immune system decreases with age, approaching the age of 40 years is already a sign of
aging and a weakening of the body's immune system, the immune system can only
survive for diseases that have already attacked, because indeed antibodies already
formed (Fadli, 2019).
Meantime, based on gender, the majority of respondents were men 11 people
(64.7. This is also in line with what was conveyed by (Sarvasti, 2020) that men have the
severity, prevalence and pathogenicity of infections caused by viruses, bacteria or fungi,
men are more at risk of infectious diseases whether transmitted through person to
person, vector, blood, food, or secretions. This is related to the genomic structure that
distinguishes between men and women where men have one X chromosome (XY) while
women have two X chromosomes (XX). X chromosome is involved in the innate and
adaptive immune system. X chromosome has effector functions that control
transcription and translation processes to activate cytokinin receptors, control the
mechanism of noncoding micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) The X chromosome contains
10% of the total miRNA involved in gene expression by inhibiting RNA translation by
triggering and RNA degradation. This makes men more susceptible to infection than
women.
This is in line with the study (Ilham, Triliana, & Tilaqza, 2020), which was
conducted with a descriptive analytic design, a cross sectional study with a sample size
of 204. It was explained that men respondents had a higher number of secondary
infections than women and duration of hospitalization longer stays than women.
Based on the latest education, the most respondents were 7 people with high
school education (41.2%). The description of respondents with secondary education
(SMA) levels allows that there is still a lack of knowledge about disease (Anetor, 2019),
as well as religious and spiritual knowledge that is still insufficient, this is due to lack of
exposure to religious information, coupled with the absorption of information that is not
optimal (Jayani & Ruffaida, 2020).
Meanwhile, based on occupation, it is dominated by respondents who have jobs as
entrepreneurs 5 people (29.4%). Entrepreneurs have high mobility, are often outside the
home and interact with many people; this can also be a trigger for risky behavior for
infection. Entrepreneurs have high mobility, often outside the home and interact with
many people, this can also be a trigger for behavior that is at risk of being exposed to
the virus ( Saktina & Satriyasa, 2017).
The proportion of respondents based on the length of treatment days that has been
taken is the majority of respondents have been treated for 3 days, 7 people (41.2%).
This can be explained because on the first day of treatment most of the patients entered
with suspected Covid-19 status which was assessed based on the symptoms that
appeared, on the second day a PCR swab examination was carried out and the results of
the examination could be seen approximately 12 hours after the examination.
Based on economic status, the highest are respondents who have income less than
or equal to Rp.2.5 million/month that is 9 people (52.9%). Low income is a trigger for
someone to keep active in order to maintain life and livelihood, economic conditions
that are below average, will cause someone to do anything that can bring in additional
income.
While the proportion of respondents based on marital status, the highest
respondent with married status was 16 people (94.1%). When this research was
conducted, the spread of COVID-19 was based on family clusters, so when a family
member was exposed, it was very risky for other family members at home to be exposed
to the virus as well.
This religious therapy research activity is supported by its platform (IPKI, 2019),
where Dzikr (pray) and prayer are an effort for individuals or groups to improve
psychological well-being, namely reducing stress (anxiety and depression).
One of the studies on the psychology of Covid-19 patients undergoing isolation is
a study conducted by (Nurjanah, 2020), with the result that 40% of research respondents
experienced anxiety and depression. The Task Force for the Acceleration of Handling
Covid-19 in Indonesia also sees mental health problems that can be caused during this
 pandemic as a concern for them. Representative of the Indonesian Psychiatric
Association, dr. Lahargo Kembaren, Sp.KJ conveyed some tips in overcoming mental
health symptoms, such as limiting access to information through the media, sorting the
information obtained, and also doing positive things. In addition, he also suggested
consulting mental health professionals and practicing skill techniques such as relaxation
(Aufar & Raharjo, 2020).
Effendi, Lukman, Eryanti, & Muslimah, (2020) revealed that one of the platforms
for overcoming psychiatric problems during the pandemic is through religious-based
psychological treatment.

4.2 Average Difference in Psychological Condition Score (Anxiety) in the Intervention

Group
The results of the bivariate analysis in this research showed that there was a
significant difference in scores on the psychological condition of anxiety before and
after being given religious therapy intervention.
The research data obtained that the average difference in scores for
psychological conditions (anxiety) before and after being given religious therapy
intervention was 8.76, with a standard deviation of 9.24. The results of the dependent T
statistical test obtained p-value 0.001 (<0.05), it can be concluded that there is a
significant difference between anxiety before and after being given religious therapy
intervention.
Religious therapy is used as a therapy to reduce anxiety, this is in line with
research that has long been carried out by (Larson et al., 1992), which states that there is
a positive relationship between spirituality, religion and health and is proven in research
by Fitriani & Supradewi, (2019) that religious Dzikr therapy can reduce anxiety, this
research is also supported by Nugraha, (2020) who said that currently Islamic religious
psychotherapy is starting to become an alternative in the treatment of both physical pain
and mental illness, in terms of psychotherapy Islamic religious psychotherapy can
reduce anxiety.
This study is in line with research (Rahman, 2020) which says Dzikr therapy can
reduce anxiety in pregnant women who are waiting for their birth. Relevant to research
 conducted by (Harahap & Ritonga, 2021), that Dzikr therapy can reduce anxiety in
patients who will undergo major surgery.
Dzikr is able to express feelings of life and better mental health. The spiritual
approach plays a role in expressing feelings and providing comfort for clients in
accepting illness as a trial (Razak, Mokhtar, Sharazad, & Sulaiman, 2013).
Dzikr affects a person's psychological dynamics, Dzikr is believed to make the
heart calm, peace of mind results in a clean mind and healthy body. Dzikr will bring
one's thoughts and mental conditions to be directed and balanced (Sumarni, 2020).
When a Muslim gets used to Dzikr, he believes that he is close to the Creator, and feels
protected and gets His protection which can lead to self-confidence, strength, feelings of
security, peace and happiness. Dzikr is valuable as worship, is one way to get a servant
closer to Allah, the calmness when doing Dzikr is able to reduce the anxiety
experienced by individuals (Rahman, 2020).
Physiologically it can be explained that when sentences of Dzikr and prayer are
recited, sound waves are captured by the brain, body cells become active so that there is
an increase in the absorption of enterochromaffin cells which can increase the hormone
serotonin in the dorsal pariqueductal gray matter. This increase causes a state of
relaxation so that it can inhibit fear. In addition, through the activation of body cells,
sound waves received by the primary visual cortex are transmitted to the left angular
gyrus, which translates the visual form of words into audiotoric codes and transmits
them to Wernicke's area, then triggers the appropriate response in the arcuate and
Broca's area respectively and motor cortex (V, Munir, & Sulantri, 2018).

4.3 Average Differences in Psychological Condition Scores (Depression) in the

Intervention Group
The results of the bivariate analysis showed that the average difference in scores for
psychological conditions (depression) in the intervention group before and after being
given religious therapy was 5.53 with a standard deviation of 9.70. The results of the
dependent T statistical test obtained p value of 0.032 (<0.05) with a df of 16, it can be
concluded that there is a significant difference in the score of depression before and after
being given religious therapy.
 The results of a study (S.K., R.K., & L.E, 2020) on 24 articles about the impact of
quarantine mostly reported negative psychological effects including symptoms of post-
traumatic stress, confusion, and anger. Stressors include longer duration of isolation, fear
of infection, frustration, and boredom.
In a condition of depression due to the effect of adaptive coping isolation, what is
done is to do Dzikr to remember Allah. The results of this study are in line with research
(Zulfiana, Murharyati, & Gatot, 2020) which says that Dzikr therapy can reduce
depression levels in HIV/AIDS patients. This study is also in line with research (Harahap
& Ritonga, 2021), which says that Dzikr therapy has an effect on reducing depression
levels in the elderly.
This research is supported by research (Sumarni, 2020), in the form of a literature
review, which says that Islamic psychotherapy based on worship (Dzikr and prayer) is
proven effective in curing mental illness, depression because Islamic psychotherapy can
find peace of mind.
Mirwanti & Nuraeni, (2016) in their research say that spiritual well-being has a
significant relationship with depression in coronary heart patients. The higher a person's
spiritual well-being, the lower the level of depression he experiences. This means that the
religious approach is very influential on psychological conditions. The same thing was
conveyed by (Mansur, 2005) that the best therapy for mental anxiety is faith in God.
Stress can cause several physical diseases, because people who are stressed (depressed)
will experience changes in the body's defenses, and the body's defenses become weak,
therefore disease will easily attack them.
Islam believes that to overcome the level of anxiety and stress, humans must return
to the Creator. When humans lose their direction from everything that underlies their
rational life both physically and psychologically, then in essence humans must return to
Allah, the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful, All-Removing Anxiety, All-Giving all
solutions to any existing problems (Sumarni, 2020) .
In the Qur'an it is also explained that “If Allah allows a calamity touch you, there is
none to take it off but He. If He allows a goodness touch you, then He has Power over all
things” (Al-An’am, verse: 17).
 Psychosomatics is a mental problem, appearing as a result of the covid-19
pandemic, especially in patients undergoing isolation, it attacks individuals who respond
to their environmental conditions with excessive anxiety. Anxiety and depression are
problems that often arise. To minimize the psychosomatic level, individuals can replace
negative responses to positive ones such as always trying to clean themselves up and
resignation (complete surrender to God) (Zulva, 2020).
Religion is one of the dominant factors in happiness, the need for more intensive
psychological support in order to increase the happiness of Covid-19 patients, so that
Covid-19 patients focus more on their strengths and are more grateful for the current
situation (Hairina, Imaddudin, & Saniah, 2020 ).
According to (Razak, Kamal, Sulaiman, & Sharazad, 2014), Islamic spiritual
therapy is one of the paradigms in the psychological dimension that has begun to be
widely studied and practiced by the community. Based on the results of research and the
opinions of professionals, it shows that there is an effect of Islamic spiritual therapy on
overcoming depression.
Depression can happen to every human being regardless of age, status, race,
ethnicity or social strata. Depression for every human being is very dependent on his
mental strength and the crisis he faces. This emotional disturbance often occurs as a result
of a very deep sadness. This feeling arises because he is disappointed to experience a
completely unexpected and unexpected situation in his life. Depression is a psychological
disorder that is universal in nature, can happen to anyone and it can be said that almost
everyone in their lifetime has suffered from depression to some degree. In expressing the
state of depression between one individual and another, it is different (Razak et al., 2013).
Similar research concludes that there is an effect of spiritual cognitive therapy on
reducing depression in the elderly in nursing homes (Rumakey, Adriani, & Indarwati,
2020).

4.4 The Mean Difference in Psychological Condition Scores (Anxiety) in the Control
Group
The results of the bivariate analysis showed a significant difference in
psychological conditions (anxiety) on measurement I and measurement II. The results of
 the dependent T statistical test obtained p-value 0.000 (<0.05), it can be concluded that
there is a significant difference between anxiety in measurement I and measurement II.
The anxiety condition of the control group in measurement I had a score of 16.53,
meaning that the psychological condition (anxiety) of patients undergoing isolation was
at a mild anxiety level, lower than the anxiety measurement score in the intervention
group where in the initial measurement in the intervention group the anxiety score was at
the level of moderate anxiety that is 24.0. So in the intervention group there was a
decrease in the level of anxiety from moderate anxiety before being given religious
therapy intervention to a mild anxiety level after being given religious therapy.
Meanwhile, the average difference in psychological conditions (depression) in
measurement I and measurement II is 8.71, with a standard deviation of 6.82. The results
of the dependent T statistic test obtained p value 0.000 (<0.05) it can be concluded that
there is a significant difference in the value of depression in measurement I and
measurement II. Along with the decrease in anxiety conditions in the control group,
psychological conditions also decreased scores, but there was no difference in the level of
depression in measurement I and measurement II, both were the same in the level of mild
depression.

4.5 The Mean Difference in Psychological Condition Scores (Depression) in the Control
Group
The average psychological condition (anxiety) after the intervention was 15.24 with
a standard deviation of 7.74, while in the control group the second measurement was 5.3
with a standard deviation of 5.13. The results of the independent T statistical test obtained
p value of 0.000 and it can be concluded at 5% alpha, that there is a significant difference
in the average anxiety in the intervention group and the control group.
And the average psychological condition (depression) in the respondents after the
intervention was 13.65 with a standard deviation of 78.22, while in the control group the
second measurement was 19.18 with a standard deviation of 6.72. The results of the
independent T statistical test obtained p value of 0.001 (<0.05) and it can be concluded
that at 5% alpha there is a significant difference in the average depression in the
intervention group and the control group.
 5. Conclusions
a. The average respondent is 59.11 years old, man, most recent education is high
school, works as an entrepreneur and the length of treatment at the time of the
intervention is 3 days, has an income below the minimum wage, and is married
b. The average respondent before being given religious therapy intervention
experienced moderate anxiety with a score of 24.0 points
c. The average respondent before being given religious therapy intervention
experienced mild depression with a score of 19.18 points
d. The average respondent after being given religious therapy intervention experienced
a decrease in anxiety level from moderate anxiety to mild anxiety with a score of
15.23 points
e. The average respondent after being given a religious therapy intervention
experienced mild depression with a depression score of 13.65 points
f. The average respondent before and after being given religious therapy intervention
showed a decrease in anxiety scores of 8.76 points
g. The average respondent before and after being given religious therapy intervention
showed a decrease in depression scores of 5.53 points
h. There is a significant difference in the average anxiety in the intervention group and
the control group, with a p-value of 0.000, meaning that religious therapy is quite
effective in reducing anxiety in patients undergoing Covid-19 isolation treatment
i. There was a significant difference in the average depression in the intervention group
and the control group, with a p-value of 0.001, meaning that religious therapy was
quite effective in reducing depression in patients undergoing Covid-19 isolation
treatment.

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