‘The conventions of ie ary acorn to what a iscipine values an kaw it res work Many feds in the sail scenes ask st ders folow the basi ules prescribed byte ain Pehle Associaton (PR fr f= mating maruscrit nd ocumeting varus kinds of sources, Foc fuer tererceon POA ie, const te Pbcabon Maral of the ‘Amercan Pca! Associaton, Sith Faton 2010 APA Style (EBD 4a manuscript tormat ‘The following formatting guidelines are adapted from the APA’ recommendations for preparing manu scripts for publication in journals. However, check. with your instructor before preparing your final draft For detailed guidelines on formatting a list of references, sce 19d. For a sample student essay in APA style, See 19e. * Tite page. Center the title, and include your name, the course name and number, the instruc- tor’s name, and the date. Inthe top left-hand cor- ner, type the words Running head: and a short version of the title (fifty characters or fewer, in cluding spaces). In the top right corner, type the number 1 + Margins and spacing. Leave margins of at least fone inch at the top and bottom and on both sides Of the page. Do not justify the right margin. Double-space the entire text, including headings, set-off quotations, content notes, and the list of references. Indent the first line of each para graph one-half inch (or five to seven spaces) from the left margin, + Short title and page numbers. Type the short title flush left and the page number fush right at the top of each page, in the same position as on the ttle page + Long quotations, For a long, set-off quotation (one having more than forty words), indent it ‘one-half inch (or five to seven spaces) from the[RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION + APASYyle left margin and do not use quotation marks. Place the page reference in parentheses one space after the final punctuation. + Abstract. I'your instructor asks for an abstract with your paper — ‘one paragraph summary of your major thesis and supporting points — it should go on a separate page immediately after the title page. Center the word Abstract about an inch from the top of the page. Double-space the text of the abstract, and begin the first line flush ‘with the left margin. APA recommends that an abstract not exceed 120 words, + Headings. Headings are used within the text of many APA:style papers. In papers with only one or two levels of headings, center the ‘main headings; italicize the subheadings and position them flush ‘with the left margin, Capitalize all major words; however, do not capitalize articles, short prepositions, or coordinating conjunctions unless they are the first word or follow a colon, + Visuals, Tables should be labeled Table, numbered, and captioned. All other visuals (charts, graphs, photographs, and drawings) should be labeled Figure, numbered, and captioned with a description and the source information. Remember to refer to each visual in your ‘text, stating how it contributes tothe point(s) you are making. Tables and figures should generally appear near the relevant text; check ‘with your instructor for guidelines on placement of visuals. In-toxt citations APA style requires parenthetical references in the text to document quo- tations, paraphrases, summaries, and other material from a source (see Chapters 15 and 16). These citations include the year of publication and correspond to full bibliographic entries in the list of references atthe end ofthe text. Note that APA style generally call for pasttense signal verbs Baker showed) in literature reviews or when describing a past action that Securred at a definite time. Use the present perfect tense (Baker has shown) for actions or conditions that are ongoing or didn't happen at & Specific time. Use the present tense to discuss results (the second experi- ‘ment corroborates) or widely accepted information (researchers agree.350 RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION + APA Style 1. Author namadina signal phrase 9, Tw or more works by an author 350 Ina single year 352 2, Author naman a parenthetical 10, Two or mote sources in one reference 350, parenthetical reterence 952 3. Two aabors 351 11. Specie pas of asoure 352 44. Three to fv authars 357 12. Emal and otter personal 5. Sb or more authors 351 communication 352 6. Corporate ogoup author $51 18, Eecronic document 353 1. Unknown ator 352 8. Two ormore authors wth he same taste 352 1. AUTHOR NAMED INA SIGNAL PHRASE In most instances, use the author's name in a signal phrase to introduce the cited material, and place the date, in parentheses, immediately after the author's name. For a quotation, the page number, preceded by p., appears in parentheses after the quotation, ‘As Fanderclat (2001) observed, older sibings play an important role in the development of anguage and learning sis Chaves (2002) noted that “six years after slim cigarettes fr women were introduced, more than twice as many teenage gis were smoking” (p. 13). For electronic texts or other works with paragraph numbers but no page ‘numbers, use the paragraph number preceded by the abbreviation para. ‘Weinberg (2000) has claimed that “the techniques used in group therapy can be verbal, expressive, or psychodramatic” (para. 5). Itparagraph numbers are not given, cite the heading and number of the paragraph in that section, if any: (Types of Groups section, para. 1) For along, set-off quotation (one having more than forty words), place the page reference in parentheses one space after the final punctuation. 2, AUTHOR NAMED INA PARENTHETICAL REFERENCE When you do not mention the author in a signal phrase in your text, give the author's[RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION + APASYyle name and the date, separated by a comma, in parentheses at the end of the cited material, ‘One study found that 17% of adopted children inthe United States are of a ferent race than ther adoptive parents (Peterson, 2003). 3. TWO AUTHORS Use both names in all citations. Join the names ‘with and in a signal phrase, but use an ampersand (&) instead in a par- ‘enthetical reference, Babcock and Laschever (2003) have suggested that many women do not negotiate ‘ther salaries and pay raises as vigorously as ther male counterparts do. ‘Arecont study has suggested that mary women do not negotiate their salaries and pay raises as vigorously as ther male counterparts do (Babcock & Laschover, 2003). 4, THREE TO FIVE AUTHORS List all the authors’ names for the first reference. Safer, Voccol, Hurd, and Goodwin (2003) reached somewhat different ‘conclusions by designing 2 stud that was less dependent on subjective judgment ‘than were previous studies. In subsequentreferences, use just the first author’s name plus etal. Cand others"). Based on the results, Safe et al. (2003) determined thatthe apes took significant steps toward self-expression. 5, SKORMORE AUTHORS Use only the first author's name and et al (and others”) in every citation, including the first, ‘As Soleim etal. (2002) demonstrated, advertising holds the potential for manipulating “free-wiled” consumers. 6, CORPORATE OR GROUP AUTHOR Ifthe name of the organization or corporation is long, spell it out the first time you use it, followed by ‘an abbreviation in brackets, In later references, use the abbreviation only. jrnsr crrarion (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention {CDC], 2006) waren crmanions (COC, 2005) 351352 RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION + APA Style 7. UNKNOWN AUTHOR Use the title or its frst few words in a signal phrase or in parentheses, Italicize a book or report title; place an article title in quotation marks, ‘The school profiles fo the county substantiate this tend (Gude to secondary schools, 2003}, 8, TWO OR MORE AUTHORS WITH THE SAME LAST NAME If your list of references includes works by different authors with the same last name, include the authors’ initials in each citation. 6. dones (2001) conducted the groundoreakng study an teenage childbearing 9, TWO OR MORE WORKS BY AN AUTHOR INA SINGLE YEAR Assign lowercase letters (a, 0, and so on) alphabetically by title, and include the Ietters after the year. Gordon (200¢b) examined this trend in more detail. 10. TWO OR MORE SOURCES IN ONE PARENTHETICAL REFERENCE List sources by different authors in alphabetical order by authors’ last names, separated by semicolons; list works by the same author in chronological order, separated by commas. (Cardone, 2004; Lai, 2002) (tai, 2000, 2002), 11, SPECIFIC PARTS OF A SOURCE Use abbreviations (chap., P., ‘para., and so on) in a parenthetical reference to name the part of a work vyouare citing, ogolov (2003, chap. 9) has argued that his research yielded the opposite results. 12, EMAIL AND OTHER PERSONAL COMMUNICATION Cite any per- sonal letters, email messages, electronic postings, telephone conversa- tions, or interviews with the person’ initial(s) and last name, the identi- fication personal communication, and the date. Do not include personal ‘communications in the reference list. Tobin (personal communication, November 4, 2005) supported his las about musi therapy with new evidence.[RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION + APASYyle 19, ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT Cite a Web or electronic document as, you would a print source, using the author's name and date; indicating ‘the chapter or figure, as appropriate; and giving a full citation in your list of references. To cite a quotation, include the page or paragraph num- bers, if available. In her report, Zombowsli stressed the importance of “ensuring equitable access tothe Internet” (2003, para. 3). GBB content notes APA style allows you to use content notes to expand or supplement your text. Indicate such notes in the text by superscript numerals (!), Type the notes themselves on a separate page afler the last page of the text, under the heading Footnotes, which should be centered at the top of the page. Double-space all entries, Indent the first line of each note one-half inch (or five to seven spaces), but begin subsequent lines atthe left margin. ‘SUPERSCRIPT NUMBER IN TEXT ‘Te age ofthe children involved inthe study was an important factor inthe selection of items forthe questionnaire. FOOTNOTE Marjorie Youngston Forman and Wiliam Cole ofthe Child Study Team provided great assistance in identifying appropriate items forthe questionnaite. QED List of reterences ‘The alphabetical list of the sources cited in your document is called References. (If your instructor asks that you list everything you have read as background —not just the sources you cite —call the list Bibliography.) Here are guidelines for preparing a list of references: + Start your list on a separate page after the text of your document but before any appendices or notes. Identify each page with the short title and page number, continuing the numbering of the text. + Type the heading References, neither italicized nor in quotation, ‘marks, centered one inch from the top of the page. 353354 S RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION + APA Style ‘+ Double-space, and begin your first entry. Unless your instructor sug- _gests otherwise, do not indent the first line of each entry, but indent ‘subsequent lines one-half inch or five to seven spaces, Double-space the entire list. ‘+ List sources alphabetically by authors’ (or editors’) last names. Irthe author is unknown, alphabetize the source by the first major word of the title, disregarding A, An, or The. ithe list includes two or more works by the same author, see the examples on pp. 357 and 360. APA style specifies the treatment and placement of four basic ele- ‘ments — author, publication date, ttle, and other publication information, + Author. List all authors’ last names first, and use only initials for first ‘and middle names. Separate the names of multiple authors with com- ‘mas, and use an ampersand (&) before the last author's name, ‘+ Publication date. Enclose the date in parentheses. Use only the year for books and journals; use the year, a comma, and the month or ‘month and day for magazines; use the year, a comma, and the month and day for newspapers. Do not abbreviate. ‘+ Title, Ialicize titles and subtitles of books and periodicals. Do not enclose titles of articles in quotation marks. For books and articles, capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle and any proper nouns oF proper adjectives. Capitalize all major words in a periodi- cal title. + Publication information. For a book, lst the city and state of publi- cation (oF country), a colon, and the publisher's name, dropping any’ JIne., Co, or Publishers. For a periodical, follow the periodical title ‘with a comma, the volume number (italicized), the issue number (if appropriate) in parentheses and followed by a comma, and the ineli- sive page numbers ofthe article. For newspaper articles and for arti- cles or chapters in books, include the abbreviation p. page”) oF pp. pages”) before the page numbers. ‘The sample entries that start on p. 356 use a hanging indent format, in which the first line aligns on the left and the subsequent lines indent one- half inch or five to seven spaces. This is the customary APA format for final copy, including student papers.[RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION + APASYyle Directory to APA style for references Books 1. One author 356 7, Transation 356 2. Two 0: more aurs 356 8. Eaton other than the fst 357° 3. Coporate or ooup author 356 8, Multvolume work 357 4 Unkrow author 356 10, Atle ina reference work 357, 5. str 356 11, Republication 357 6: Selection ina book wit an editor 12, Two or more works bythe same 356 authors) 357 Period! 13, Ate naournal pagnated by 17, Eto or ter to heer 360 volume 357 18. Unsigned article 360 14, ie aural pagnated by 19, Review 360 ‘ssue $57 20, Pushed interview 360 15. Ate na magarine 260, 21. Two or more works bythe same 18. Ate na newspaper 360 autor inte same year 360 Electronic Sources 22. Ate fom an online periodical 28, Email message or real-time 36 communication 364 23, tie or abstract om a 27. Onlin posing 364 atabase 361 28, Software or compute program 24, Document rom a Web ste 364 365 25. Chapter or section ofa Web ooument 364 Other Sources (Including Online Versions) 28. Goverment pubiation 365 35, Poste session 970 430, Dissetaton abstract 365 36, Film, vdeo, oF DYD 370 81. Unpublished dissertation 965 37, Television progran, single 132 Tehnleal or research repot 370 pode 370 88. Conference proceedings 370 38, Podcast 370 ‘34, Paper presented aa mecting or symposium, unpublsied 970,356 RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION + APA Style Books ‘The basic format for a referencedlist entry for a book is outlined on pp. 358-59. 1. ONE AUTHOR Lightman, A. P. (2002) The diagnosis. New York, NY: Vintage Books 2, TWO OR MORE AUTHORS Walsh, M. E., & Murphy, 2. A. (2003), Children, helt, and leamying: A guide to the issues, Westport, CT: Preege. 3. CORPORATE OR GROUP AUTHOR Committee on Abrupt Climate Change, National Research Council (2002) Abrupt timate change: Inevitable surprises. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Use the word Author as the publisher when the organization is both the author and the publisher. Resources for Rehabilitation. (2003). A womans guide to coping with disbity. London, Englands Author. 4, UNKNOWN AUTHOR, ‘Notanal Geographic alas ofthe Middle Eos. (2002). Washington, DC: National Geographic Society. 5. EDITOR Dickens, 2. (Ed). (1995). Family outing: A guide for parents of gay, lesbians, and bisexuals. London, England: Peter Owen. 6. SELECTION IN A BOOK WITH AN EDITOR, Burke, W, W, & Nourmair, D. A, (2001) The role of personality assessment in ‘organization development. In J. Wacawski & A. H. Church (Ed. ‘Organization development: A data-driven approach to organizational change {pp. 55-77), San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bas. 7, TRANSLATION |AL-Farai, A. N. (1998) On the perfect state (R. Walzer, Trans). Chicago, IL: Kazi.[RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION + APASYyle 357 8, EDITION OTHER THAN THE FIRST Moore, 6.5. (2002). Living wth the earth: Concepts in environmental heath science (2nd ed). New York, NY: Lewis. 9, MULTIVOLUME WORK Barnes, 2. (Ed). (3895). Complete works of Aristotle (Vols. 1-2). Princeton, NI: Princeton University Press. 10, ARTICLEINA REFERENCE WORK If'no authors listed, begin with the ttle, Dean, . (1994) Jaws and teth, In The Cambridge encyclopedia of human ‘evelution (pp, 86-58). Cambridge, Englands Cambridge University Press. 11, REPUBLICATION Piaget, 2. (1952). The languoge ond thought of the chil, London, Englands Routledge & Kegan Paul. (Original work published 1932) 12, TWO OR MORE WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR(S) List two or more ‘works by the same author in chronological order (if the works appear ina single year, see model 21). Repeat the author's name in each entry. Goodall, J (1998). Reason for hope: A spriual journey. New York, NY: Warner Books. ‘Goodall, . (2002). Peformance and evolution in the age of Darwin: Out ofthe natural order. New York, NY: Routledge. @ Periodicals "The basic format for a reference-list entry for an article in a periodical is outlined on pp. 362-63, 18, ARTICLEIN A JOURNAL PAGINATED BY VOLUME. ‘Connell, D.C, & Kowal, S. (2003). Psycholinguistis: A half century of ‘monologism. The American Journal of Psychology, 116, 191-212. 14, ARTICLEIN A JOURNAL PAGINATED BY ISSUE Hall RE. (2000). Marriage as vehicle of racism among women of color. Psychology: A Journal of Numan Behavior, 37(2), 29-40.elie amend ue aed ‘Take information from the book’ title page and copyright page (on the reverse Side of the ttle page), not from the book's cover or library catalog. Cs ete ete eaten etree ater eater Seid noes ares te ano of mols WO coy id {use an ampersand () before the lst authors name. Punicaton yer. Enclose the year of publication in parentheses. @ Fite. tae the ttt and subtle, Caitalze ony the first word ofthe ‘litle and the subtitle and any proper nouns or proper adjectives. © city er pubtication. List the cty and state (or country) of publication followed bya colon © Puisher Givethepuiishersname, dropping any inc, Co, oF Publishers For a book by one suthor, use the following format: Last rame initial). (Yea. ie of book Subd, Cy ST Publisher Acitation forthe book on p. 359 would look lke this: auiiowsustiame — vesRor Tucano susnTue, So “utsi, W (2004. Godita on my mind: Fifty year ofthe king of monsters. nn ULI TTY AN NAME ae For more on using APA style to cite books, see 19d1. For guidelines and ‘models for using MLA style, see 18d1; for Chicago style, see 20cI; for CSE style, see 2le1.)GOD ONM Fifty Years of the King of Monsters © wen ssn360 RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION + APA Style 16, ARTICLE IN A MAGAZINE Riccar , (2003, August 5). Enabling the mobile work force, PC Magazine, 22,46 16, ARTICLE IN A NEWSPAPER Faler, 8. (2003, August 28). Primary color: Race and fundraising. The Woshington Post . AS. 17. EDITORIAL OR LETTER TO THE EDITOR ‘Zelneck, 8. (2003, July 18). Serving the public at public universities [Letter to ‘the editor]. The Chronicle Review, p. 818, 18, UNSIGNED ARTICLE Annual meeting announcement. (2003, March). Cognitive Psychology, 46, 227 19, REVIEW Ringel, S, (2003). [Review ofthe book Muticuturalism andthe therapeutic broces). Cinicl Social Work Journal, 31, 212-213, 20, PUBLISHED INTERVIEW ‘Smith, H. (2002, October. [Interview with A. Thompson}. The Sun, pp. 4-7, 21. TWO OR MORE WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR IN THE SAME YEAR, List the works alphabetically by ttle, and place lowercase letters (a,b, etc.) after the dates. ‘Shermer, M. (20028). On estimating the lifetime of civilizations. Scientific ‘American, 287(2), 33 ‘Shermer, M. (2002). Readers who question evolution, Scientific American, 287(1) 37 @ electronic sources The APA Style Guide to Electronic References (2007) includes guide- ites for eting various Winds of lecwonie resources Updated gudelines aremalntained atthe APAS Website (we apa or) ‘The basic entry for most sources accessed vate Internet should include the folowing elements + Author. Give the author's name, if available,[RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION + APASYyle ‘+ Publication date, Include the date of electronic publication or of the latest update, if available, Use n.d. (no date") when the publication date is unavailable. ‘+ Title. List the title of the document or subject line of the message, neither italicized nor in quotation marks. + Publication information. For articles from online journals, news- papers, or reference databases, give the publication tlle and other publishing information as you would for a print periodical, + Retrieval information. For a work from a database, do the fol- lowing: Ifthe article has a DOI (digital object identifier), include that number after publication information; do not include the name of the database. If there is no DOI, write Retrieved from fol- lowed by the URL for the journal’s home page (not the database URL). For a work found on a Web site, write Retrieved from and include the URL. 22, ARTICLE FROM AN ONLINE PERIODICAL Give the author, date, le, and publication information as you would for a print document. Include both the volume and issue numbers forall journal articles. Ifthe article has a DOI, include it, I there is no DOI, include the URL for the periodicals home page or for the article (ifthe article is difficult to find from the home page). For newspaper articles accessible from a search- able Web site, give the site URL only. Barringer, F (2008, February 7). In many communities, it's not easy going green The New York Times, Reviewed frm http//maw.nytines.com leary 3. M., & Cat, N. (2007) Basie need satisfaction, emotional eating, and dietary restraint as risk factors for recurtent overeating ina community sample. EJoural of Apolied Psychology 2(3), 27-39. Retrieved from hut://oj.b.swinced.auindex php elap/article/view/90/116 23, ARTICLE OR ABSTRACT FROM A DATABASE (See pp. 266-67 for the basic format for citing an article from a database.) Give the author, date, title, and publication information as you would for a print docu ‘ment. Include both the volume and issue numbers for journal articles. Irthe article has a DOT, inelude it. If there is no DOL, write Retrieved from and the URL of the journal's home page (not the URL of the data- base), 361Bean cue Peer) @ Author, List st authors’ last names fist, and se only inital for rst. fndmidale names, Separate the nares of mfp thors with commas, ‘nd use an ampersand (8) before the last aithor name. (@)Patttetion date) Enclave ie data utparenheoes! Fecjourmals ew ‘only the yar Fr magatines and newspapers, usc the yea, «comme, ‘he month spelled ou), and the day ofthe month f given. | Artct te. Do not aie o enclose ace ites in tation mares. (Cntialin nly the first word et thw etc ttle ond subtitle ad ang prope nouns or proper adjectives. @® Periodicat tite. talcize the periodical title (and subtitle, if any), and capitalize all major words. (© Pattication information. Follow te periodical title with x comma, unc then give the volume number (allczed) and, without a epace in between, the nee ner Gi ier n parentheses © Pase members. Give the incusive page numbers ofthe ail, For news ‘papers only, include the abbreviation p. (“page”) or pp. (“pages”) before the page numbers. End the citation witha period. For a basic periodical article, use the following format: Last name, First ini (Yea, month day or year alone for journal). Tite of article. Tile of Periodical, Volume numer (Isue number, Page number(s). ‘Acitation for the magazine article on p. 363 would look like this: ‘nrTAons Last NAMES, PuoucATON —__ammcur mi, ——___, —1_, ,__1__, “ye, P, & Staveley-O'arll,S. (2005, August 8). How to fx school lunch Newsweek, £466), 50-51. —— maar wowsens tevowerk maces“ SSoenaen For more on using APA style to cite periodicals, see 12. (For guidelines and ‘models for using MLA styl, see 1842; for Chicago style, see 202; for CSE style, se 212.)@) {BY PEG TYRE AND SARAH STAVELEY-O'CARROLL,364 RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION + APA Style oot, 5. (2008) Change, uncertainty and the future of sociology. Journal of Sociology, 39(1), 7~14, Retrieved from hetp://os:sagepub.com eCall, RB. (1998). Science and the press: Like oll and water? American Psychologist, 43(2), 87-96, Abstract retrieved from Hto://wwmapa.crg joumals/amp/ Woriey, NJ, Ball, L2., & Ormerod, T., (2006). How the detection of insurance feud succeeds and fils. Psychology, Crime, & Law, 12(2), 163-180. dof 10.1080/10683160512331316325, 24, DOCUMENT FROM AWEB SITE (See pp. 368-69 for the basic for- ‘mat for citing a work from a Web site.) Include information as you would for a print document, followed by information about its retrieval. If n0 author is identified, give the title of the document followed by the date (available). Hacker, 3.5. (2006). The privatization of risk and the growing economic ‘insecurity of Americans. Items and Issues, (4), 16-23. Retrieved from http//publiations.stcorg/tems/items.4/Hackes pat ‘What parents should know about treatment of behavioral and emotional disorders ‘in preschool children. (2006). APA Online. Retrieve from http://wmw.apa -org/releases/kidsmed html 25, CHAPTER OR SECTION OF AWEB DOCUMENT After the chapter or section title, type In and give the document title, with identifying infor- ‘mation, if any, in parentheses. End with the date of access and the URL. Salamon, Andrew, (n.d). Wa in Europe. Tn Childhood in times of war (chap. 2) Retrieved April 11, 2005, from http://remember.org/jean 26, EMAIL MESSAGE OR REAL-TIME COMMUNICATION. Do not include entries for email messages or real-time communications (such as IMs) in the list of references; instead, cite these sources in your text as forms of personal communication (see in-text model 12 on p. 352). 27. ONLINE POSTING List an online posting in the references list only if the message is retrievable from a mailing list's archive. Give the author's name and the posting’s date and subject line. Include the[RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION + APASYyle description (Electronic mailing list message] in square brackets. End with the words Retrieved from and the URL of the archived message. ‘olke, RC (2001, June 21). Buttercups and primroses (Electronic mailing list message]. Retrieved from htt: ustlistorg/archives| fast Fora newsgroup posting, use the label [Online forum comment]. Wittenberg, €. (2001, July 12). Gender and the Tnternet [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from news://comp.edu.compositon 28, SOFTWARE OR COMPUTER PROGRAM PychMate [Computer software}. (2003). Available from Psychology Software Tots: hitp://pstet.com products /psychmate @ other sources (including online versions) 19. GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION Office ofthe Federal Register. (2003). The United States government manuel 2003/2004. Washington, DC: US. Government Printing Office Foran online government document, add the date of access and the URL. USS. Public Heath Service, (1998). The surgeon generat’ cl to action to prevent suicide, Retrieved November 5, 2003, from http://wwa-mentalheath.org suicdepreventionjcalltoaction.asp 0, DISSERTATION ABSTRACT If you retrieve a dissertation from a database, give the database name and the accession number, if one is assigned, BandeliN. (2003). Embedded econamies: Foreign dec investment in Central and Eastern Europe, Retrieved fom ProQuest Digital Dissertations (6900033), 1, UNPUBLISHED DISSERTATION If you retrieve a dissertation from a Web site, give the type of dissertation, the institution, and year, and provide a retrieval statement. Meck, M. 6, (2006). Between abolition and reform: Fist-year writing programs, elteraies, and institutional change (Doctoral dissertation, Univesity of North Carolina). Retrieved from htt://de.ib.unccedufetdRela ec ee Perec) Libraries pay for services —such as InfoTrac, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, and LexisNexis —that provide access to large databases of electronic articles. Cate eee ee eee eee source. List all author lt ames fn, and ne onlin fort ad tale names. Separate the names of mpl authors with commas, and ‘sean apersand () before te at thors name, @ Prbiication date, Enclowe the date in paretheres. For journals wse only the yea. Fer magazines end newapopes, ws the yea 8 cima, the ‘month pled out), andthe day ofthe month f given @ dtc tite, Dono aleze o enclose article tes n quotation marks, Ceplalie only the Best word af the atl ile and the ube and any proper nouns or proper adjectives. ® Periodical tite. talicize the periodical title (and subtitle, if any), and capitalize all major words. Ce Yee tee eee eae eee er grate Yuta arber| acta Jandy without alepacalia between, the lt ner gen in parentheses © Pagenumbers. Giveinlsive page nunbert of te ance For newspapers, include abbreviation p. (“page”) or pp. ("pages") before the page numbers. © ketrieval information. ithe article hasa DOI, ncude after pubes tion information; donot include the database name. If there ls no DOL, vite Retrieved rom followed bythe URL. of the home page ofthe jour Tal (oot database URL). Fora ourna atc retrieved trom a database use the following format: Last name, First initial, (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume number(Issue number), Page number(s). DOT or Retrieved from Database name (Document number, if available), es ‘Acitation for the article on p. 967 would lookike this: |.) uns y furespenacs—__USUATION RST WORD OF EACH TALE snes ee RE LY PT ChoryAsad, RM. &Tamborni, R: (2004). Television sitcom exposure and aggresive communication: A priming pespetve. Nath American Joumal of Psychology 6(3), 415-422, Retrieved from htt://nap.8n.com/(Ey Sry Asad RebsecaN,Tonba, Ron Ee crn St main © ‘For more on using APA style to cite articles retrieved from databases, see 1043. (Por guidelines and models for using MLA style, see 184%; for Chicago style, see 20c3; for CSE style, seeRa ener Ree thers Perec) @ Author. avaiable, etude the author's name as you would fo a print source. it al author lst names fs, and se onl inals for ret and ‘mile names. Separate the names of maltiple authors with commas, and tie an ampersened (8) before tha art stor maton Tx por Cathe site's hoat or sponsoring organization may be the author. Ino authors {dentie, begin the citation with the tile ofthe document or Web site. @ Prbiication date. Ineo the date of Intemet publication or latest ‘update, if avilable, Use nd. no date") when the publication date is ‘aval, @ ie, po not tale or enclose document ties in quotation marks, Cepitalize ony the frst word of the tie and subtle and any proper rouns oF proper adjectives @ Retrieoal information. Wit Retrieved from and nehde the UR the work seems ikely to be updated or has no date of publication include the retreal de For a document found on a Web site with one author, use the following format: Lastname, Fst inital. (Internet publication date. Title of document. Retrieved from URL ‘Acitation for the Web document on p. 368 would look like this: —_—_,,,_1_,,________ ‘Nan Economic Research Consortium. (2005, May 27), International migration: Fiend cor foe of Affias economic development? Retrieved fom ap /men erat ra/news/newsatleaspPnewsid39 iia For more on using APA style to cite works from Web sites, see 1943. (For ‘guidelines and models for using MLA style, see 1843; for Chicago style, see 20c5; for CSB style, see 21c3.)> https fiw. aercafrica.org/news/newsartice. asp@newsic @-Friday, May 27, 2005) "70".370 RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION + APA Style 92, TECHNICAL OR RESEARCH REPORT Give the report number, if available, in parentheses after the title, MeCool, Fikes, ., & McGuinness, D. (2003). Semantic web tools for enhanced ‘authoring (Report No. KSL-03-07) Stanford, CA: Knowledge Systems Laborato, 88, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Mama, A. (2001). Challenging subjects: Gender and power in African contexts In Proceedings of Nordic African Institute Conference: Rethinking power in ‘Africa, Uppsala, Sweden, 9-18. 24, PAPER PRESENTED AT A MEETING OR SYMPOSIUM, UNPUBLISHED Cite the month of the meeting if itis available, Jones, 3.6. (1999, February}. Mental health intervention in mass casualty cisastrs, Paper presented atthe Rocky Mountain Region Disaster Mental Health Confrence, Laramie, WY. 35, POSTER SESSION Barnes, Young, LL (2003, August). Cognition, aging, and dementia. Poster session presented atthe 2003 Division 40 APA Convention, Tonto, Ontario, Canada 36, FILM, VIDEO, OR DVD Moore, M. (Director). (2003). Bowing for Columbine (Motion picture. United States: MGI. 37. TELEVISION PROGRAM, SINGLE EPISODE Imperoi, M, (Writer), & Buscemi, S. (Director). (2002). Everybody hurts [Television series episode). In D. Chase (Executive Procucer, The Sopranos. New York, NY: HBO. 38, PODCAST OBrien, K. (Meter). (2008, January 31). Developing countries. KUSP ie inthe {fas lone [Audio podcast). Retrieved fom htp://wwasp.ora/shows Fastin