angi2021 Pig waste management and recycling: The Singapore experience: 8. Pig house ventilation inthe topics: General background on ventilation 43. Pig house ventlation inthe topes [B General background on ventilation [E Theoretical considerations [E Natural vention [E Mechanica vanitaion [E Reduction of aston heat toads [E Questions and answers [B Forum General background on ventilation Pips mst have evolved in aid region. Unlike humans, who ar la homeotbemic (body eerste ke aconint evel {nal ambien! conisons) the sweat lads of pigs ar plugge with Lea. Conseqbnly, hey eno spate beat by seas the ‘ray we do. Intend pigs, whore body tempers te 9°C (lose to om 47 Cy avteate th tespztion tae wen they ae [Stoel hot Metabolic stv decree the temper ad relate humid inert wheres the espttory ater ‘ies by to lev beat rough reaing Thi srtflstuntion reduce te growth ae of pg a corm prodcoa a wars slimses,teefor, pope venation is inporant to preven tbe temperate fom sng beyond the cof evel othe pas. ‘The pig houses bul in Singapore Before 1979 provid protection fom sun and ean. They were poe-amed bling with a root ‘tro wal The primal problem with thee barns watt the venation wa insulin fo remove the host generat y fhe ‘nical swell the het produced by ration fen te bt rote: Cle epcing of he uilge aod low aatral wind veloc Imad vations big problem Heat Sues “hs efceny of weit sxin of pores is wel rice the enperte of the is eovommend spprosches 32°C, The esformance of sows dsing aowing is aso afte by beat sues. Conception rates may He reduced Wo 0% fom he normal 80% ‘Bors subjected fo I Cesta degree isc in body temporamre wl ave reduced seme quality fr 4 to 8 weck, aod females red these boars wl Nave lower concen rls and smart. Ces sows are ao acct by Lemperares above 29. ses wildly or peveat occurence of "heat (ots), educe ovulation aes, and inctease aly embryonie dea igs mainain an average ody tamper of 382 C but ther temperature can range for 38.7 w 39.4. A crate i body fempertze of only few degrees can be fata Intra body temgerstie is conlled by » dynamic equiva between best prodeced internally and est otto she environmen. The animal prodes heat when it aneorms the chon! energy 9 ed ne ‘work OF the wrosfed-eergy comumed by he pg, 250 Ss caer into ea and lst othe envicosent The ate of ea Ist production varies with size. body wet, breed bal, stage of growth, tare and vate of fede, level oF producto, station, ag, degre of sti, and enamel conditions ‘Baby pgs donot ave a wel-eveapedhomeothrmic system, Therefore they must be protected against chilling daring the fist few weeks of In commercial pig production the excl temperate 28 C.F ht temperate it exeeded contin for 12 hin he pi hue cvroment i abolily estate provide aril ooking. gure. hows Unt the mean lempertue ia Singapore wa oF ‘Shove 2 for al least 6b per avenge day (10301 1630, Mechanical cling (a condoning) as probity expensive aad “rapa cooling wat notable Hesse of the igh relive hum (Fp 3.1) and the fc ht the xe were een on fe ‘sda Therefore, the work tise concent os oa esp, bug Wis, and spacing to maxim trl Vestlion ‘wow nzdorglogibinibrary? .00000-00--f-0hd-00-0-—-0-10-0-~0--Odect- 0-40-11 -0n-60--20-aboUt--00-01-.00.0-0-11—-0-0-8ad aangi2021 Pig waste management and recycling: The Singapore experience: 8. Pig house ventilation inthe topics: General background on ventilation Rishise sages ig. 3.1, Mean hourly temperature and reativ amity for eck month ofthe yearn Singapore, The mea values are based 84S yearesord In Singapore, the tain consideration in animal conor was to remove heat from the animale and thst surrounding. Te Best senerated by the animals and ated from the rot auld make the temperate nthe confinement Bulag Mh lets good ‘tlio cred the bet aa “There ae four ways for animals Ios heat: conduction, convection, rion, snd eveporaion. The ttl heat exchanged booty ‘tween an animal abd suroundngs comnts of bo sesible heal and cmt heat. Sense eat nari gored by the ‘chums of het ranean (condotion, convection, and sadiaton). AU animals dissipate signieast amousts of let best by vaporization, or moisure ‘raposin fom he espintory ct and hoy sfce When he sma topes is preter fen te eee trp of te ‘Shima, sepable eat pained byte anal nen of os condostion ‘Conduction i eat ranserBewean bodies in iret contact, Because of a temperature diference and witout goss movement ofthe seat Heat tnt om the body caret the akin nace oer by cancion through body tse abd alo by convscson ‘Scocatd wit Blood ow. Many anual adja to conductive bat les singly by changing contac fe budding with wats ot ‘ol animal or standing wp from a ol ht fer. Convection CCouvetve heat exchange aceut during cir mavemest around the animal and is dc to temperature or prsnute dierent o ‘mechanical causes. Fas, paps 3. blowers rode ud mation and heat waster known as foeed conve. The combined eet {thigh st veloety and col ambien tempertine rests phi best lo fo liverock by convection ie it When theses Se emer eqal te bod Radiation ‘wow nzdorglogibinibrary? sua perature, conve eat anser fom he ski 26. .00000-00--f-Ohd-00-0-—-0-10-0-~0-—0drect- 10-40-11 -0n-50--20-aboUt--0-01-.00.0-0-11—-0-0-4ad 6angi2021 Pig waste management and recycling: The Singapore experience: 8. Pig house ventilation inthe topics: General background on ventilation ‘ai dated fom s hot boy co a cooler one. Therefore, a og oss some st by mito fo cole oor and wall sures nearby However the animal also gains considerable eat y radiation fon the ro apd oer exter surfaces that ae heed By the ‘on erpertre above te pigs body temperate, Radon beat ied om the aol and Uugh the open sds the Slot iso he wal beat the pg mus dsipateby convection andy evapetation poration "aprtve het lo prinepally du to moire added othe a through he pg septation. Any evaporation of maitre applied tothe og from oid source lo contributes to cooling. Molar tht evaportes fom fry, wall oe suas lo tena {ro the ai rad the hog. Moire lee trap the akin Se minimal most mest animal cele, swine, sheep, pouty) ‘rapa lot lel fom ther rempiaory et Exped ai healed aly to body erpeatre ap arte lh waee opi sd osu water pout nthe per repay est Le wats tran ea warning as plc he hanes. [Nonsweatng species adjust to hightemperature sess by relly inreasing thee respatin puting) Animal skin sures can be ‘wet maximize coating by etersl evaporation timate Conditions in Singapore Singapore i only a fw degree no ofthe equnor and as consistent daytime tempertire of 25-29 C. The average rave Inui, over the past 45 year shows tome vanationdunng te dy, ut ix ite consistent topo the yes Pg 3.1). The lowest eave hui slg above 10% in the mide of the day whea the temperate io a highest. Th is he pos ha ‘war analyzed in deal bocnase ical ie productin, Singapore doce have some satoal variation in mean subsite hous and howl radistion (ig, 3.2, November i the clouds, ‘month; Mar the clearest. The msi, ean, Pury sla raiaton of 61 Wien varied from a maximum of 70 oa minimum {138 mle Cloud cover, rfl pd aiation aleve teperatre and hui lves; however, forthe purpose of analyng smal ses, he mid, one averags of temperature an huni were used Sunshine ond solar ‘hho per oe 8 me of ay ig 3.2, Solr ation (ois) and sunshine ours lashed lines in Singapore (mp cil led ce, Macs empty ‘wl, led angle, mean: empty square, led square, Novae ‘wow nzdorglogibinibrary? .00000-00--f-0hd-00-0-~-0-10-0-~0-—Odrect- 0-40-11 -0n-60--20-aboUt--00-01-.00.0-0-11—-0-0-8ad a6angi2021 Pig waste management and recycling: The Singapore experience: 8. Pig house ventilation inthe topics: General background on ventilation es — =] Fig 3. Wind veloc (V) pate between bats. The fet of oe builing on the ext was etna by using the xpi ormulas for win breaks. The effet ofthe shape ofthe bara was xamied using enpia orltins fr gravy wl ‘eto in ehimne .00000-00--f-0hd-00-0-~-0-10-0-~0--0drect- 1-40-11 -0n-50--20-abo-00-04-00.0.0-11—-0-0-4ard... 44 ‘wow nzdorglogibinibrary?