Untd- = } tng Hethod Pople: — An ogg ate of objects ov the greeh of tnelivtelual urcler ahucly 's calleal popu fotin, or Universe: Fone Doveraei— universe Conta tning a fintde =r no of nel’vicluals ox munbe vc cabted a Limiye lmverse Tnginrtle Tnverse:- A universe with Be ae ee = of members (4 koner as avn tnpinsfe Universes Sample 1 A grnvde Aubsed of a universe cs cables! gq hanmple. The number of tndhviduals tn Qa Aamble vA cables! Fhe Aamrple 2130 + The praread Adeching a Aamblt from a universe Jo si Aambbing, Parameter afd StearttcHs The atetstical constants of te poputatin uch ad motan, MWe Vanianre ete. are kinnon as paramederts Cu 4 07) she sdativhical conebts of te Aampte from dhe maernbers of He Aampde to estimate the parornelers of tLe popubetin Prong usbveh Fhe fam pee how heen draw y's kaon aa afatt ie CF, 4): tnpinile numberBor Langs ofits aishot eholed ervera. atl frm SNo.| Sdahishe Ghonclard Fervor | Teat Atatatie 2 Kw - Ke : ‘ *lsn carey lo Bear . | A So > Fin Ns*/a 3. | Dr fferene of tuo Bamba (= eee Ry Te means Ay My ML Teerst A. |Diffoene of two Sambe mas Ayrpe +s - Atanclare clevia tn Sty d 3) on, Vere x | Dr Pfereme of two BLA bio pen “ O\ +P! oo rope vote | PEA ety a Yo Ye bb ue Joga Pare 6. obserneel gamble FFe) i probectin b fa Prels Bianelarel Error t— The planelarel olevia tin f “gamphin aishibuiin of seus Ue cabled Stonclarol exw. Standard error is Qrequenthy umd sn con of Do Aap, and germs te core Contebt tro testing of hy pores \s- th ta a BAAMSH Zor Large Aemipls Ha test. srakise iS Quew wy ze APES Milo) pwWieh Js Set) normaly, dinbibuled rt mean o 4 vanante t.The Atancdarel olevtabim of the porn pbib eltstatbuttin of q aterbishe 1 knwn as the &4anclorel Eyhod (QE) ir ZL De tH - SMe ABU) a ctandem Vanahte SDL) - Ew + ( Ew-ute EUI=] Tr EG)) > uy "= Yuy=o fi z a - Viz) VU RH) = (viep= 2 u3) re € ae Ts) -L Hypothesis ancl Acet of Signibeonte:— say poteests hd afajennt thet we wand to ven Py. 440% nevolly coniemes| worth Fhe Comat t ° Certain phenomenm ov a Atotinship ble tee OF mere Variabdes uneler ertimahion: Ts tat of aprigreanne theory of aampbing di enabbe us to clecrcle en the has is of ast of Aomple, Wy 2 The leviatiaa belween abserveal “Agmm abide evel Lypotte bread oranaeder vabuy (4 an lmbedant a4 beet of vebetler pre Wy The cleviatts helueen two somple afahite, te patgnificent or rng to be attrbudee] alae to chong, 07 Grutor f orn PigsTo abbey Hae test of aupoifreome Nupt Aypotuers v4 a Alalennint Nu bt hypothesis: - it] ta always 4 arameter gna about pepwlation P tn the fom of mathenmahies < os the ag CS =e) are! erpresseol fa}enrent wiih — tnrduel ey clenotee! by Ho’ ey Hy! A= Ho Adternate hypothesis! = coleecl Alternator oppess'te +o nulh h pothesis ts Lyppottents gnd tee! ay 4) (tiptig oF A424) (two-tated) tel) Sirpls Lore) fs cler Uy Ay 44 Ho yor Hy: 47 He ( mrgat teulh pi ut Beto | atnpt Aft tasted J perry im The nn aia object tr ara phing eae Ever | a vahtel corrdusiin abeat te on He basis of Aannphing ts to draw comm ibe pobuletinn parannetens Acubta dn alotn4 Hse Wh ea ai forloving quo types oF error’ when tf ta tree Typet tree Roget Ho Type Erroy Accept Ho when ffs wren? re oe Wedel Ho em Hy a Arise 4b bot wor ite Pl Ryect Hy when ot ts drupe) =) PC Refer! Ho/40)= % when Uf is wrong) ep acreptHe/4,) ~B 4 pl pecept Ho How LEB. oe cables! He Ate her Pig pet oabso Aaferree! fo 24 fates as Ah. errors yThe Prebabibrty of te vakus of tle variate Sadting Th HA estthcad arqiin Us knnuin as Level of aagnificanie - SEA olenotee! by (<3 #4 oPs0 knaon as precluceh 4454 - we Jeneradt tohe two crrpeol augiens whch covers sy. anel 4° portions a7 arca of Normal Curves» Whe Shadeel the critical Yo the vanate fates tr He exthead reg ibn den Wy pothesis ys to be pofected- “jal of BigniPicame:— Th feet wbeh enable us tu" to accept or to aagect He nule He ect of agnibreanse iY te the carpee voluce arrol popsleting (ures sin He crrheal Apron), bya clecvele whethr hy pothesi's vs calleol cliffeenie Bee betcen yoluas are Ao Largho \ to be anecteelComproemie Sortervall swe wale! ibe +o tndervel tr which Fe populates fo Bre the procedure to cle termining He. tnderval callecl mtkrval estimation ane cabtecl| the Canfrelerie interval The end potinls clelernmne a” ts Aarpposeel Phe tntervad dir fat populotin paranne ter of Has erdervad are cabdecl dhe tembiclenre Ainnr ba [b-ese & Ee Arhse] Ka tye SE 2 Ma Rete SE Remark harge Sarnphe ena Aarge (>3o) Smal-Samphr = 1 WP Amal C= 30) Proceclure_for Aeshong_of hafbetiouns Patton oo Define Nake hy pothesis Tr Define alternative Pybothess « Bosecl on this alternative hy pothesis clectcle the test to he Lscel, two taidecl best or Alngte torbeo! test (osgpelt ef) [| pitee! usta ble Deved of sranificanie oy erter By. or 27: ew eet alegres of fre pecelom t— = ele f cneleprnckrt constraints Cn Fhe Je= 70-6 Aet of olata of no observahins degre frvclove = -) bn Bisons Bish = ooh Porst on (Normat Bis! 2 BrLeotbusion'- Combare the vats of $41 4 Le a 2 \z\ 2 \Za) > we accept Ho, that Us Hy aajecteal for given Bevel of Legn ipteanie * yt > zy, we aajecl muda hy pothesis Ho and acrept alternative hy porters uyTabet Sg nifitane gir Aagre Saropr 00h Single Propet Sp Newer afee ze bP Pe Semaptr Seen = >a]. n Pain P= Pohulobin Syties O- \-Pp Ne Tofas taeple sie A A Coin way asted 4oo Hnvh ane the heaal Furniel ub aig How + Test th Sagvrifeans hy hots that AL mn it Un biasseef Ac? ne W980 Ke UG =e es asy Qn Nutt hy potters 1-H. bon v3 untuaseoh Aitenale bybellaiie y+ Cavin V's Paeerel Zoe ei Teoh cfg t- Zeer PP Coniduedion 1— oo Zee Ze Nol hy bothers Acech teal:SX 2. A machine fs producing bolts af uhh certo frachio te clefechive: A sanclann Aamble of suo is taben pum 4 fargys hatch anel ts fame! to Carter go Acfection bolls Bows HE tnohicate that He poe poten of elefechin ls Dargir ftan had efarmaeal gy ae mans facta thad a wales Hy ovanittuner din only By of Ais prodat an dhferlka « fa ast. conpicanie Aint + He propo hin of ele ferhin betlA sn bateh- Nett hybrtbeals Nyt The mony farlurce choir 1 atechleal , ee [aternate hypbortears Hy: = j-00s= pe oe 2O0FS 400 Dank of Arpnificanit X= 51 Feo 1968 tod stetstie 45-005 = 924d] te z= bP a O:0FS= 00> A In (ae oS —Teo Conus ion Le & TK flu bayfetet is syeteloe Tet of significame der Dy Peer] Peebetin A machine prakvied Je dlefertine artiePer rng bate of Ser: Apier overhaul tq, od prockireol i , elefectias fr a batch of Joo, How + Umbpratd ? Ba? bye 46 te rathine = 0-032, 147500 500 bre a ores 9 7h Nuit hg bothons Ho: Th machihe Aras not tm prveel due to overRaubing Ses Pr= Pr: Ddternvertive hybotheslc:— Hye At Pe det spribewns ke Sf: tgs 40057 44 zo probs =o ebR Oe Tale == rakes) Po Sotho Pe ray emeee > Senko.ess seenes nyse 600 5 “w= pros Qe \-o032 = 0-468 eget (OWA Boe AGrdusn ee ok pew ny hormesis aceepledBeker : , fare an rnecart in eatermbte chulq on tea, Boo 2 peo fee out of a Aompls of Nooo Peracrs weet formal to be dea elinhers After am Frtreare fn Fhe eluty 1, 800 Peraens were hnewr do be ka chinks sno Aomplt of ne pepe Da ya Hk thot thrse Pot been a Aig) Brand decrean Ja ee Consrupbins of feo offer fle shtreaae 1° Fle en1csee wy pe 200, nm, 7 120? al 4 pe $0 =) joo 5 2» Too Pe mbrh-be ; pr 5 deo 2 3 23, ae o-%, edt hypottestt Ay p= Pa Thee 14 0 aagnireant alifferenic to Fe Consus pine of koa ifort ane offer Linc eons of encice cule Alterna de bypetienten 5 # aP Toh atahe 2 z f Yicbe 0B 06666 = bys PAGAL] fo 17s (tos beo) Del Spier Ae FUSE, tyros Ah semen 1 be EA uid bybettant poderel :Som Testing A niprcorre fer Gin Neani— . Lara cap SAL A panclon pample of Joo rremrber har a msan SA ome Con tt be Argaemahly acgoreled an a Aon pbe fiom a Aorqe popudattnn of wuan 3-2 6m ASD 230m ol” N=Joo K-34 Accunr Hat the Aomble 6 drawn from a Hy Porge populatiin with Meer, © 273 Me 32 o=2-3 0 Atlanate hy bother! = Hy! AA 3 {buotat ter4) foveled Ai pifreanie. Zag = UAE Jajotlers ge EM 2 BHSE 2 wag, ol, 3 [ae age ay Nudd hypottos ateepted frm a fandom Sad- The tay weight obtarneel ye Th -D ot conthunin Bam pe iw oo 15,64 CED aucight eae of popateti~ fa ager Tutt takintn} diab fa amen weipld dH Hon 18 67 gins af SJ) Bevel of ignstvo nla ae MI ab 947 confidemic Limits af TeMean Locigha of the perprtatin - 6 Bt? wale , u> bt, Re b64 oe F Nult Wybedtesis - My! There Is m0 *S8 _tet stot vest NOE Ze lim S[Seo (om fasin coal Zor Fx pahteh aaah © Nudd by potter’ pajobed:Tes of “Ar gnibicante for clifferome t Mean at ee Soy cope = ze A Zk Te 4+ or MN HL aa Ze _ qyeoee, WAL Sark DE xy yoy rot knran to oy toe ee re 2 es Bab Be ae ae TL ow va not knmen Te L ee qe nian 3y nyt a th go not Yen ue cor Unt A Tre average fn tome of eracrns wor F210 LE a em gf Ble i empl tay pet of-e ety: For anotter sam box of 1S0 bersens, Zin en dhe average Whtlame wee Those wide Sep TK Sb of Shem of He people gf a ily ures Ve yer whoths fer ra ony Lergnificant aliPfererie javtween $e avetogt yh tome ote Deeali Hey -CG ———E———e—eeeee 4 ph a3 at iL Nutt hypeftp:— Mh diferente ts nol rg nifread Hyt tt= e V7) = lov, Hy SY 5 HPI, Beer, Belo, Seve Ddternade Wyott ete Lowel of Sign rane Ze (y)= Ter} statistic —sayyas Con Duet iy 2 TK Nudd bypetterd aepeted Ext: Tote Uigers hes wert gain fo tue qeetps 4 = bous & gids - Girbs ie Bows ls ‘eae if Ae ahifferenie b ago cant’ clweeh YHocay Alores ISST “Test 0] Synrdieanie for th Biffereme of SP Sa Random rormflss clean Siem two Candie gave whe fathewing deta Mean Reig GVA Stas Sp BSB Liso Novel somlee ooo \2r00 Uy Se Ha difienee bateeen The marae 4 Gitar 2 wre fy bw alifjrenre Dehweeh We SP ajqnifitant 3 y) Nu ypetss He MAL Ak temate hy kets Wy Usa leek of cugnificant vr Be Los? 6 etn we WOT S OAH eH-6T 257 ieee Zee By Nate bybatteie atcepteah (uy Hot Ty Em WN A SS LeSegnifriane depentteys tag tercibotly Ze he NHAC peal «ta The viet o\ hak tha xandm cambh of love Barwa tr a Certain arta has o &P of War eg. + Arnott Aandinr, Aambls fi \soo forts gives a &bd of ae bg Are the & \b?s Aignibieanteg. aliffocns ? : a~yelet of srqnifrcante of AH Mean of Raw matt Sols wr A bambi oboe thera Pes ran 42 uwils and SO FT uniha AW Za4ras| dim Aonpla Vest te Wyhotteni dha \ abs Asndom aarhd Brom a nermel populate, ee wean AS Unilae Oo Se mT A views ot A Aorebpts ort 1 WS, WA, SO Se 4 Wd, 4A, 49,83, Sh am \Aray 2 FANS us jeu 4681 Aq Hod 4-4) Bo oF 03h 52. ad vA ng et ye ay at ayy 4g \-o'+ 6:9) gs \ 34 VSr2\ By yg 3b) 2. ote Decals 6-96 4) B= 2-619 WN At hep pethe rs Ho8 aay Ce Thee 10 41gnify'cor] aliff creme between He Aarnpls and populotins prio Prtenatie Wibetien st : Hy: waits © ter telleel ttbovog = 2:3) fetearlerty 4. , te Sty Aluty hgpotbort arte pfeal- “ EX. A sranclon sample of sige 16 Las 55 as mocan- | The Aum of Aquares of the cleviahion fron mm tan Uh , WS. Can thy sample he Argarded as taken fim, the bobuleton having 5¢ a4 moran? Obtatr 4s}. and 994 ComPidenre Limits of the maran of te \pobulatin . Ao” Wy Null hyPothears Hy: U=S56 Ae > CG Ademate 1 to Fe ASG WO) Tat shatate— ge guy ee SIH = [2yexyr> co Jaains Pia" MN t4 clegres of Frecelom = \6va\S : 2 Ww) an er Agof 9) * rae Sows sho 91S WW tye te Anfertect Cntautt habotlenis) aS} lon frolemie Dams of popetotin Tb aoe) eat RES to0s = Biyouz Susy a RE satya < BOS, etaTete See diffoome of Mean of tus Arratt conble Uber A Nermal ohutatin) el{ mprnn > yas Zor) vars yrs Sat Yeo Form hte ot Bo clivons vabair betbsa Cure Jerted her Rong of Rie anol qe Aeveds wot gel Sanbatean} cp \2sqhen | S6hy \os6 has Hohr [ ga tee Aerie ve HL tans aagnibtant te qaneradtin Het type \b ja borter to +qh D b hy pothect’s 2 — jae plete a ates of hudba Lous some oa ea Hye 4 Ayfebron. ppaderoade hye = , mye Ayo th Type one y's Afton do dy I© Lewed a nificanve — yeo0 — a= nro = 13 Aowg U8) = t4 es destahe he y— ee te Nye Sfiabr Wow - nararnds 2 1684046 Nyy L Se Az 4or4art \2Z4-10S6 = 18 \4So . ya 4p ¥rt rad Contre wy te? ie ; | ght Aqeereed | Rab wget: | | g pos Mm yoA yy wet Aaben dem oc ie permah papwdadivys with £p eo 4+ 92 | | sig wampli flor grunel te be v0-3 £186 + Tet dor ab Soe ot awe 40 bot oN wa ad SY) Rawk | te 0-260 Ege hyo De an NW AerZoo Sambi, of £4320 10 And NY Were dqhen from two Nremod Populations with sp 3 and sa. The Admds mrank wer found fo he 2093 and la6. Vest Ushetter ti mcans of Hi two bobulattons Ark We Bane at SH Revel: » te —_— Ack FV 2203 TRH 6 Le l0, HAI, bess aeon zh A> mintmae os age Myrna 2 Az Hot u : ) Nall hypothe 1) uy) ey c VT) Adbematur Hy yy —___-_——<—> Wii Testecartenig ro 7. leas Ae Finke = 20-3136 bet . S575, aarp ess : A = 08604 olf = Jory-a= 22 Ayglr2)= 220454 - Ae tty Hp v4 atrebted. Tivo tnolebencont Aorfles of Ate F cml a “AV Bebe a te} 2] wf] 3 my 4] vo] r] pe lef 3 fis fin fle [taf nea Tut olifference 7 muon 3s kggnifjeant ow red -erst oY Sneclecors Vartanie Rahontes oa 4, beating +a mianificance of He eliffecne of two AMARA Awo Zowhbh, Wwe ass5unrd dhad Ae too Bambi. cam frm te same olde nn er pepubetin, woh aqpnok variance . Ma objection of Ht Etat ts to elyetowtr ubdter Suns mcleborelent eatiimales of pobulating Variante Aver Avgnibveanty, or ushuttee Ha tee Aone bts a tbe Liqarelesl an drqun dom Be Neral pobutectin, having Re Bame wananie: Hane efor abbeying see Aetest Buy te Signidveare Dh AL diherenie ob dwo-mncans we hautdo fest Ror AR equality of bobulatlin Varidace hy wring G- Newt HR Gn he Ae bh Mae Old 4b 5 Va ntane - We enfinnattin of 4. Jpabulattan Mariante bad on wy os uM e Me naman te nah, an ii sey | E76. anon grec Greece ane Aa sla i He ws wet By AA tent-Shatiedye yo Rg QB ——— eee = ST Th Nii meat” ys Qreoker Ahan, aT Bisorinhecgill eo Ape brymay Fe > Foes O71 Quin On 4 Foe py edo beee Tuo Aenebnr Aanrpdts frown from 2 Norral @ 4 pobule tins ae tah A \4 94 ig oe 23 29° 18 TF } B 1 16 (go. ab 26 OE A Test Ushetler the Aansple are cleown from He Zame murmal population - Bee Te Lad UP Leve dndle penelent Aam'plebaue been chown Zr te Aare pobulatin, we Pans to tek W) Sq uatity of Sean Buy apply rig, Te heot Wy Sguality of pepulatin varianye by fat Sirie fhe fe bert aasemret that de Aomple vowenses gre esual . we shatl pint abbey Hae feted _ ete t | fh iat , Nee ngpetas Hy Teg ib The \popudattin Varonre clo nod after agnibtontly / _Piterrasive Lupbothetst Mi Web a AAohiotte + - Fe a (ef alos : my | wat mL = KR) | @x) Vy | Abas” 21-34 16 | maepig | 1565 24 | 5935 28°84 (6 |-a-diqg | Te3¢5 18 ~362E toy Lo 1286 lesz Lo 33th (134 4 greg base ESS . RH | oF a 2889 | 06 oe bis 24 W435 54-39 | aS 34.615 ‘ ; yg ay 6-286 me \3. ]-8-635" 7 2-286 5226 (HF [462s] 2hF2,FH) = Wore mae, aig one ZK RPL 253.84 , shea By - terete Abe Seah eae 336-264 + WAT 40 > Shrmy™ 2 age-059 YI = = soy y Peak . 3626F =)140 Ay Soy Lentdusivn )=8 nF BS Net Yy=6 Wa Aavan od § By, Yrt and Ugae cleqres dso Yvccelan at By. - Rew tage ay Fo = Fp | Nuw hy pote sts accepted). “bebe Nel ubothunts Wg* A= da Auterndte huphotheais Hy: Uy Test of Stattistte 2 DKK) + Zh = 25EBE 4G 8ST nyANrD 8- As 33544 Kz S4% +e = 0-404 Sjtas ek oi ; Si ht tog Ode an¢ F yulas happette 1Se Tors inclebencln4 Pawn bd of AM F and ¢ hacl He foo von, Valu: » Cg, _— Ay: oy of Test atedishre Feat (oat) 4) sya rn 3 x) | eR) *) Br Ry 28 04 ‘ Zo So. ye 32 a 2 _ ay | 4 3 a4 | -N 24 ' 2B} 0 BY 26 s) KH =B\ Gat, Verte mré ZMH So2, Zuow 5 a6Pesuowetat (x TE @ | Deseo tat X= fF sie z, [een | Ove obaerved Frequency Ets Exbeeted Pegueney Nb) i i lohtre Zop = Ze= Ng alagres 4 freedona = n-1 ‘Af = m-) Pav'Sshon ols? 2-2 Nemal dial. = 1-2 Ve Neh) Wheel ya ay No Uniclabser clad Comsteounts Wn @ set of data of » Observations. w ) For Pee Corvin g ene, Aahte (ip columns and “ 5 1 Hows ) alegre of Greedon = Wp) tay Ewbected valu = Rowtopal y Column total Exact total Shy Exbeeteol value io dren Pagrorhring jure or mere olosses together, 4X: Ao olve VA thrown LA6 Hines anol dhe ret of these threws Gre een Hes \No efheand on Had] 13 ey | Freguen ey [He BLPRQ rq sz a Test whether the ole is bigneal or not- Ae? Hyt Die var unbioseef Evo 236 > 4gor | ee oe Yer Ho | ue S6/r4¢ Se Tue "lug a) [Me 284Ju6 Sq fhe | 4g Veq}ug Sat es ib i lae SA] yg 1S 169/46 x* T = 480 =25.3 he ° ati = Sai =5 * l= t09 : A : a) x = xe Asfecteel « & Gove barts | Bad porta | Tplal a Smif Abo 46 [eos Evening aft a4o0 aa q36 Rp Sel 350 45 996 2 Observe valuy x Lew total x tobaimn fotad Fey ryt LL) eee ret Ov Cv-ecy bres Awad BS Das Ororeey ge 24-3] 02484 9S | 49sx650 Ho fas ts o ° 50 iseyaie Daa oeisyy olf sjeayty 45 28s LE3s 0-6 Joa: cs \ [35% Fer . ope \ 0Noe male biethy No of female bits] 4 nn 9 Nef Ponmibie, SL 198 240 236 «6Yy Records ta hen of He number births ot male and female &% 860 Pamidces having deur clit deen “Ved wheter te data are consishend with dle hgbethedis dhot He Bisemiad Daw holla andthe chante of male birth va equal to thot of fernale bisth, peq-\, er NGM habothets Ta cata Us comtistent wore the hy potbesrs of epual prwh fer male and female \pirths - Dbservecl Vadus Papeetecl value ler-er)” Cree. 32 Beoxte \ig! - 50 B24 648 \+8 Gook4e\y,)'= 200 4ey Qeya 14¥0 800K 44, \Wyy)= S00 (oo | o.sx3 136 4 In46 648 Bw aM, Wy = 200 64 Beoy Huy\thy 1 50 196 Bde a. er er-£i)] = 19-635 EC Leo qang — bf-sde4 Ke > KB Nillipy ecled +wy fra? | Eye Cotour of Sov jaya | Nobtigs | “Tobad Lg UA 51 522. Nok 44 148 230 348 Totad ea 281 Joo Eorlpected Frepusts Eye Cota 7 5 fon Son | Wat Not Ot Fad ‘ 522%6\9 | 522028) ~ aca qe Go 522 = 3sq02, 162-98, toy B\AKASR QB x34Q_ Not Mey ao a age oe Gor [ Tote 614 281 Foo . a. observed (Og) Enbesledl (E,) loc-Ex) (x-€) ye Way BSA +02. Wag 2u-4.2.g 5\ \b2-98 V9 @ | tyQg 693 \48 254-48 m1 98 4Q-23, Lao WG-00 (11 189% loa gre eae 766-34 to ton Quay rat Sy. Und her (24 A 22 LAG 2-84) cadcwated value > tabulated Valus : J. NUS Ligbottens 1s Arfeckead «Platis trad voli td Loohah ae employed Ae Cb, Plechidvca! technigues sro ane) mrainten quobity or to 4olve quelity Probdems CobPeving atetihteal tools are senally_weedl fo quabity © Conbrel: (a) Frequecty ee Gi) spreoel ve patty ti) Average quatihy \) Coma partion wert apecibic augusrencin ts Process capohr sity by Comteot chart Ie) Acreptante Lanapling Anata gy dete Nw)Hee Tehri —Setelpue of Stanitical quality Control To Conte ; od dhe quabity characlerstis of dhe proela of p There are two nan technry ues 4. Srocess Corhol Has 5 a process of monrdorin aca Varta bidity tr te perfernnont ; e i a process 0? a mnachthe through Fee On ter pretatinn of ptahishicel techniques Hoe quality cx conbobted white the product being produrteel This technique US tencernd already prdured qoods te are fit +o he clespatdhed Procluel tenho: with ina pe obin of iP arcertain whether the or mote The quabity of produkt es checked before ake + Control chart A‘. control chart Arpresentetion df the cobleetect of (onkol. cherl a Brea poreal va th fornnattin * Ekere are oman bbe elesigned i div aifferent Cenfrol attuationg: Most comm ml used contol chart are aes Con treb chart for Varrabbe 4 ai) (entok cherts for atfabutes 8Vere Gre three hortzontal Sines Cra Control chart they dark from RS of verticat Done OnA \pavalt Ao He bow Nie of chart: Mewar calied Control tiu,-Le Centrad Mhe:-(CL) $k passes Shrew 44 ves, of tia chart and ts paratd +o He loan. gt ae Standard quabity of te product: 2 Ubber control Limit CUCL) gt 14 clotted! Ae alsous and \\ to cl, St Us ubber Rtmait of sol rrarnte- Lower Control Lrmit (Let): 4b ry dotted Live below Wd Wo cls £b ts Lower trimtt of toberanie “Fifer ate ’: Lee ape = - — = —- A er 0 =z > S, ok > q ho ee heck Sh = [eek i te dia Sambh Kie we Boe oh control Charts \per Le Contred charts for varabbs 2 a Controd charts for attri utey 4s Controd chart for Vanably .— a Eee (ty) Yechare oF mean clast Gin Rechart or Hamat chart: (iY o-chart ov Standasd daviaki-Fox R-chart Comtral Bint + Hy when toleanie Limit not a4, When toleranie Limih 4 ae db [ Rett UCL] Let=° K- ALR UcL = % +arR For Rechert Central Line Cerys bel Cfo Recharl J= Da HUCL b fer ReChart] = DER Upper Process tolerance Dimrt = E4s ‘ : “aL € Lower Proiem toberanye Qint} = Q-3R : : ; au Proce cababiatty = be = 6k pan Pi ‘ ai ardbing machine bores holes with & ale a , mieheg ef o5230em and @ ntandard eviatwa of 0-0032em- cabeulate Ale 2-sigm Limits Gnd 3-Sigma upper and Dow er control Pir rreans af somble ft: " = Aok Yd ean -cliameter = % 7 os23O Gp ret On O8s% Mey ay ave UB gnna Din = 015230 ¥ 9003 % > cL Vez ETRE a orsr2e = * US TA, 2s o52620% a _ a korges> eule UE ASS = ore 730 Fy Le Ko a = ost WW) sr sige Atk art Cust HOS2 SO Ue = RARE O'SR4B OM @ i. ‘ Laue S OrS\BD Cm TH oe Déternnine | the Control Simi fer Zand Rcherls ie ch 5 BRAVO) Mumlser of Ati groufee 20. Give A.rol8 Par Ol, Py -VSq di Dare, Bind 4 pris cabohittts . 2 Fe ea Ke ce resH « z4 Sue = 14835 pe ey sitet Bro BRe nde 1 orgs UCL. 2X4, ABR s Rie )789T+ Corson > 17-964)Sa - ALR = VV 4tOS4 UCLA = Dah = hSAxa ogc = OFF8 Lelp = Dg@ = Ol LoUds = o-2019o ve Re ouas * Seve oe\ Ss a3 S545 3283 Process ca babi thy = bok Cforsre3y SOrti AB ty a mantifactu arin Process the number of alefeetiser frand fo Fe vrspertiio of volots of loo Aamples given an! eo LokNo | elefersi a iz = 34 5 € 484 fo V fh 1574 1816 1981) “iii ay SS 4 6 oie ne FST HY BTEY wb Wi) pi n pe Determine the Control Armita } Jor Chowt and 4tete wheter the prowess us tin, controk. Determine He ew, valus of mean paction alt hi dine d Aemt — poinia are out 4 control Determine dhe sample arze wtin 2 guelty “Lina not esorte than QI Is ckeirabbe anel alos: had — preaurt will rot he permittee] mort toh free time Jr fhousand - > Tote ne: defection = PO = of Totad ro-0f fenns cr perted 7280 UclLp = P4s/5p-p) ~ 0-06 206 (yroad) = 0-150 75 yo Pf = 06 JER mt Letp > P- $B 2006 7 S Jo-06(I-0-06) = 0-0 Jory ] : Jeo Atvie tte | fratting eforting Connot fe (-Jve be_peO ®vs clear Hod dy at tot Lauing fraching defects AT soas) wtb F? ahous: Joo wy Afte vr elimina fing &7 dol Revised vat Py Prjois _ 0-056 106 XN9 Revised lotrel Limi b= UelL p= cost + 3 /sereneees] - oO: )2- Joo Eg LelLp = goose —s poste (jose) = —o-olzie 00 hg . {H4.)7 control Limit 4 ya chiar pooh aw lee j D-00% Pevi'see| qualite Devel pro (iy pe Pp teP= 005 O-0SE +S [ows frost) = 005 n DB Joost XK O-TUY = 2054 - OOITRZ n 3 D Ost xoO-FyyY = (o- nas nN . Ro: _ m= 01058 44 = apy 4: D-ONFTL0- 0133 — GB-OS 2864 Bh es — O-00%N\283Sn ¢ . Nor of Aanbt =20,) (ALZe of each AampbL =5 RaV37F ,%=996, R= 40 CMean chart} Age Eaaq-6 ee Wa Late lo [pe eR sl Be = porte j | i Lar Par As 5 i | i l= = _ Poppies SL apex) 63 & lah 4 Te | a Tm : : S AAG ABKLB OVA = AAG A VOSIG = AAG Y-OLFI=NOT-GY , LBL = 9A-G— 4-0 FI= FS-5521 = mnSer [s Mean, a\' eth ¥-chart: 3 | soo ee 03-64 4q cLlA4-6) aoa = = = HAS S2, Wee 6 Samply Range ~Chayt Vet ° 4: Sambds Hoe ase talon along ¥-asuis ancl Ramya valus ateng Yarns. Brew eee Rwer. %. Bot te othe salbaused “bo Doug vada, WIA ae hsp of R-chart we conclude Whether tte process Vartan tty oy uncla, Cortrol or Not o Weahag ih alls Find maton chart Rant cha;t omal Chinmignt oF Se Wwobuid of tones, sen No: | 4 213 14 | sl 6) 4 alah Maan £ . Uaeisis | 59-2/54-4/s4q|5.4 St toe S [2B loro | AV |B 15-8[\4-5 12-9 [Fp leg Rong kK = FP. B46 S Sus R= We 294 ae| ye | To 6 Rethent | b Ver = X4+a.k = Sue + 0-4 83 RSL F Se-654 keh 2 & Aa = BUG o4gax qu 4 = S06u3 Bo = yest) “0 couk 4 94 6S A 60 ; BB se us veo 3s +e ay Sompl mean No- 4% 3,4\0 are quakerten Ua RRO Mean ns. VsZ) 6) ase Lek feed Lace L Nobu. TF Out a{\o Sonloty pednt. oso ouberde tte re Lembrod Bday. Very much ou of Control. yore Re Chast : UCL=16.834 eeR= Bu E Dus Beoy , pyse ; be Uch= OYR = eouyg-4= e-Bay hew = Dak= ° lore of te vaduu of R fedi wba. {te lonteod mit Horie process Vaxiabors hy Us Urdlin Gnbol: Contre chart gor Alibula Ph ctl, P-Chart € Fractin cb peor chart) 4 ang vd tho, a = No-o i article Jou Pe 2 of Romp (Ne ¢ acticbs cicthially cn sheet P= ee = CLp Ferd 2 Compute oof 5 CF [= >| Pee ° Uck= +2 Fe re aay Lens 8 -% [EU-B8) yn Ds ingen aabaliur ef pti urd ur / dotted St Ma mralibeal Matted Orie du a Shaheed comb: /15 Aombte witty atze ree each tar at CON Ambervod of US minus from o Manu Factunhy process Wa averaye fraction Hur Wor 0068. ColewWlate 40 Volww of Cemirad Ul such Buen Pverepe frat hin dsbubts 0-068 P= 0-068 Uch= pag PUP) n , | i 8k 3 Jo-068 LU-0-068) Ta = 06% +o.053 = OVD) Ler = P-3 Pug Nn ‘ 20:06 &— 0 OS% = OOS np-chart i- Po Za ar oe Zz" . o = SE =f P+) UcL= MPF 3/HpE re j hehe mp - 3pm Pe 4, LOL 15 rneyottue use Habe Ltbad che nPay Contsod e hart fey otter bules | gk ia (fer. ob Peo bros “Practin ) | \ ” terark Er (iy npeckard Gti) Cn chant Wd P cho et smth Sioa N : Pe Zeal = por of clefertias artiede foundl th ony CnecHin rN omy tnbpeerinn a Nove} astiePe ackudky thi peeled — pe za = ClLp © n ws [POP JEP UCL P+ (EGP) = Ptirp KR _ = p-37p Lets P-3 rBccp) P= mean Aafesbivt of popwatin a a rt ) pe p> Zep en chem} ane 4gpn oP) 6 tee RPT Pe” mnpos 3 pee MP 37PF nya aro an, eet oer Jé sorte cu ee = Neg difed te St Tovey Nx fan UCL = e+3fe