PERFORACIÓN I

INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION

Fig. 1 Lifecycle of an petroleum project

INTRODUCTION
• A drilling rig moves on site and carefully drills deep into the earth
over several weeks.
• The drill rig will be both visible and audible and will typically be on
site for about three to four weeks for each well
• A rig’s primary function is to drill a hole in the earth by lowering a
drill bit on drill pipe
• At depths approved by governmental regulators, drilling will stop and
steel casing will be lowered and cemented in place before drilling
continues, which Creates Physical Barriers!
DRILL PAD CONSTRUCTION

Preparing the land for the arrival of the drilling rig is an important
part of the project.
• Access roads will be upgraded if necessary to accommodate
construction equipment and traffic.
• Construction vehicles will clear land and construct drill pad on site.
• In some cases, drilling pads can be designed to house multiple wells
per pad.
• As part of the clearing process, topsoil is removed and typically
stored on site for use in the reclamation of the pad at a later date.
Rocks may be removed and reused elsewhere.
Fig. 2 Drilling PAD
HISTORY
• Oil and natural gas
well drilling
technologies evolved
from the ancient
spring pole to
percussion cable-tools
to the modern rotary
rigs that can drill
miles into the earth.
• The French engineer
Pierre-Pascal Fauvelle
was the first to utilize
water circulation in
drilling. Using the
new method, he
drilled 560 feet in 23
days (1845).
Fig. 3 Percussion rig
HISTORY
• Edwin L. Drake (1819-1880) drilled
at Titusville, Pennsylvania a well that
produced crude oil on August 27,
1859.
• Instead of the repetitive lift and drop
of heavy cable-tool bits, rotary
drilling introduced the hollow drill
stem that enabled broken rock debris
to be washed out of the borehole with
re-circulated mud while the rotating
drill bit cut deeper.

Fig. 4 Rotary rig

DRILLING RIGS
Land rigs
• Light duty rigs (1000-1500 m, ~100 tons)
• Medium duty rigs (1200-3000 m ~250 tons)
• Heavy duty rigs (3500-5000 m ~ 400 tons)
• Workover rigs
• Other classification
• Self-propelled
DRILLING RIGS

Fig. 5 Land rig

DRILLING RIGS

Fig. 5 Land rig – self propelled

DRILLING RIGS
Offshore rig
• Floating rigs (deepest water)
• Semisubmersible
• Drillship
• Stable rigs
• Jack-Up
• Platform
DRILLING RIGS

Fig. 6 Semi-submergible

Fig. 7 Drillship
DRILLING RIGS

Fig. 8 Juck up

Fig. 9 Offshore Platform

DRILLING RIGS

Fig. 10 Land and offshore rigs