Professional Documents
Culture Documents
English 1301
4 November 2021
classes between deaf and hearing children and the benefits to both communities of learning sign
language and being integrated. All the rhetorical choices in this article are made to get others to
agree with Daniels's claim, but each device is used with a slightly different purpose; even though
each device has a different purpose, the main goal is to get others to agree. Using mainly ethos
and pathos, Daniels is able to build credibility and build a connection with her audience to
support her claim on the benefits of integrating deaf children into hearing classes.
authority. The first instance of this is when Daniels introduces William Stokoe as "the pioneer
educator who authenticated American Sign Language." They build up his character to allow
readers to think he is a credible source. Then Daniels mentions Stokoe's theory that questions
whether math is easier to learn through a visual language rather than speech. Because they
introduce him as knowledgeable in the signing community, readers can trust him and Daniels
when they say that sign language was an effective tool in learning math for hearing children.
Adding a credible source to the article builds up the paper's ethos, allowing the audience to trust
it as a reliable study.
Another instance of ethos would be when they try to credit their results by including
other studies conducted in the U.S., which gained the same conclusion. Daniel's investigation
concluded that integrating deaf students into a hearing class was beneficial for the hearing
children to learn new skills that would help them expand their knowledge on things they already
know. They also found that for the deaf community, being included helped them gain more
confidence. They were able to back this up by having studies that found similar results. For
example, they state that studies conducted by Hafer in 1986, Vernon, Coley, and Dubois in 1980
all found that sign language is used to help children learn to read; they continue to back this up
by saying that the "International Reading Association recognizes and recommends sign language
as a reading aid." Because they include credible studies and a well-known reliable organization,
Ethos also occurs when introducing the project designer, Kathy Robinson. They try to
give her credit and say she has experience in the deaf community to justify why she is caple of
conducting this study. They introduce her as "the mother of two daughters who are deaf," which
ties her into the deaf community and allows readers to see that she has expertise in the area. If
the project designer were utterly ignorant of the deaf community, the audience would not take
them seriously. Still, because Robinson has personal experience and knowledge in this area, she
Pathos is also used in this essay to allow readers to feel or relate to the deaf community.
For example, after including a stat that says, "90 percent of all Deaf children in the United
Kingdom are integrated into mainstream schools where they are expected to communicate in
English." Daniel proceeds to say how "the burden is placed solely on Deaf children, who cannot
use their own language and must instead learn to use English." Although the beginning part is
considered logos because it is a fact, when combined with the second quote, it makes readers feel
bad for making the lives of people who are deaf more difficult by expecting them to learn
English rather than the hearing community learning sign language. After having read the
aforementioned, readers are more willing to consider Daniel's research, and it is almost as if the
They continue to try and appeal to emotion when they introduce an anecdote from the
teacher of the deaf. She recalls, "four (Deaf and hearing) children had been huddled together
around a table discussing what they liked about a comic book one of the children had been given
for Christmas. The BSL conversation was animated, and a Deaf child was able to explain that
she had also received the same comic book." By including this story, the study is given a
personal and affectionate touch. Daniels is able to radiate the sense of accomplishment the
teacher felt when the kids were able to communicate despite their differences successfully.
Instead of being a boring statistical research article, this paper is given a bit of life through this
One other pathos device is used when the article discusses an accomplishment of the
hearing teacher of the hearing children. They say that she started not knowing anything about the
deaf community or anything about sign language. Still, after integrating the classes, she
comments, "when the children come in (Deaf children) they wave to me and sign to me because
they know I can sign back." Daniels goes on to say how "this ability bolstered her confidence."
The aforementioned allows readers to feel the sense of accomplishment that the hearing teacher
gains and makes them believe that the study was successful. By allowing readers to feel the
feelings of those involved in the study, a more personal connection is made, allowing the results
Although Daniels does include many rhetorical devices that strengthen her article, one
thing that would have earned her a gold star would be charts and graphs. Daniels did not include
a single chart or graph, which makes it hard for readers to understand just how well this study
went because there is no tangible record or statistical data in one place. By adding graphs, it
would strengthen her claim by providing solid evidence. However, she does counter my
argument by stating that "although these behavioral attributes are essential to instruction, they
are difficult to measure." Though her counterargument is brief, the fact that she considered
outsiders' opinions and critiques add to her credibility as a writer and researcher. By
acknowledging how her study might fall short, she is able to build her character, which will
Overall, Daniels does an excellent job of getting her audience to trust her work by using
credible sources. She can show her connection to the deaf community, and she also evokes
emotions within readers to get them to connect with her article at a deeper level. Her appeal to
authority gains her article credibility, and her use of loaded emotional language gains the
audience's pity which guilts them into reading the article. Her use of anecdotes takes typical
superficial research and converts it into a personal and enjoyable read. Even though Daniel's
lacked the logos aspect of rhetoric, she was able to counter the argument, which also gained her
article credibility. In the end, Daniels was able to use ethos and pathos to support her claim on
deaf integration.