This study is supported by relating three different theories to the factors that affect urinary tract

infection in pregnancy. Florence Nightingale (1859) Environmental theory was the primary theory of the
study, where the cause of the disease and non-rehabilitation of the patient is related to the
environment. Nightingale (1859) advocates sanitation of dwellings such as clean air, clean water, and
cleanliness prevents infection.

The Environmental theory values and uses the environment as an essential tool for the healing process
of the people. Nightingale conceptualizes the environment as a place of sick individuals and family
members as health institutions as substitutes that provide interrelated care.

According to Nightingale (1859), there are other factors for patient care, such as noise, varied,
nutritious food, and punctual eating habits. In addition, the theory includes information about the
treating of the patient in a hospital. Therefore, the environmental theory correlates and supports the
given case study about UTI in pregnancy.