J Chigu BTech IT Project

HARARE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Project Proposal for the

computerized system of an
Employment Agency
TITLE: ELMA EMPLOYMENT AGENCY
PRESENTED BY: JUSTIN CHIGU
This project was presented to the Department of Information

Technology in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of
Technology Degree in Information Technology
2012
Elma Online Employment Agency
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................. 3
1.4 Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 4
1.5 Hypothesis ..................................................................................................................... 5
1.6 Justification ................................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER 2 ...................................................................................................................... 6
1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER 3 .................................................................................................................... 19
Fig 3.4 Data flow diagram for the existing system ........................................................... 30
CHAPTER FOUR ........................................................................................................... 37
CHAPTER FIVE .............................................................................................................. 57
APPENDIX ...................................................................................................................... 95
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 99
JUSTIN CHIGU Bachelor of Technology (Honors) Degree in Information Technology H1012240U 2

CHAPTER ONE
PROJECT PROPOSAL
1.1 Introduction
The computerized web based employment agency system is a system designed for Elma
Online Employment Agency Company to help link the job seekers and the labor seekers
from all over the world. The system will make life easier for the job seekers as they
would not have to spend much in trying to connect with employers from reputable
companies in search of employment and labor seekers to get well skilled and qualified
workers easily. The system will also help Elma Online Employment Agency to support
and shape the competitive position of the company and will certainly increase in the
reliability and efficiency in their services that is required by these companies and their
potential employees.
1.2 Background of study

Elma Online Employment Agency is a company currently based in the capital city of
Zimbabwe, Harare, which facilitates easier communication between job seekers and labor
seekers. Job seekers post their curriculum vitaes and copies of their certificates to the
agency and a letter specifying the type of job they want. The agency files these according
to the type of employment applied for. The companies seeking for labor register with the
agency and posts vacancies to the agency. The agency then communicates to the job
seeker whose qualifications matches that of the company vacancies then the job seeker
gets to meet his or her potential employers. The registered companies also subscribe on a
monthly basis on or before the stipulated closing date else they are suspended from
getting services from the agency. The agency has established offices in several towns in
the country so that many people in the country can access the agency as the post office is
becoming less and less effective due to the increase in technology. Everything is posted
to the headquarters through the agency’s overnight mail and they are sorted out together
with others. There is need to computerize the system as a lot of paper work is going on in
the organization and this will also make it gain a competitive advantage over its
competitors.

13 Problem definition
Elma Online Employment Agency runs a manual system for capturing the registered
companies and their subscribing report, keeping a record of people who would have
found employment through the agency. Before thinking of computerization the following
problems had arisen:
 The current system is characterized by a long transaction processing time, which
results in delayed confirmation of the presence of vacancies to employment
seekers as well linking qualified people to the companies.
 Misplacement of people’s documents in transit.
 Several people in the remote areas cannot access the agency because it is located
in towns and the post offices are no longer that efficient.
 The current system is not catering for those who may want to seek employment
out of the country and countries that may require labor from Zimbabwe.
 The system makes it difficult to record those who have found employment and
employees through the agency resulting in the agency continuously finding one a
job yet they are already employed and directing several people to a single vacancy
even after the interview date is past.
 The organization is using a lot of money to transport all the applications to the
headquarters from its offices around the country resulting in opting to get them
once a week which in turn results in late responses to the employment seekers
and the companies.
 There is limited security as everyone at the offices can have access to volatile and
confidential information.
 There is duplication of data in various departments resulting in data redundancy.
.
1.4 Objectives
From the above problem definition, development of the system that meets the following
objectives is thus needed:

 Provide Data integrity and consistency by avoiding a situation whereby the

same person is continuously being called to several places yet already
employed or continues directing people to a post that has been filled.
 To provide up-to-date and reliable information in form of reports about the
companies that have paid subscriptions, companies with open vacancies,
people who are now employed and those still searching.
 To reduce the processing time so that the clients get quick responses from the
agency.
 System that will reduce costs of paper work and transportation of documents
as well as making sure that several people access the agency taking advantage
of the rural electrification in Zimbabwe by use of a web based system.
 Reducing data redundancy by capturing and storing all the employment
seekers details as well as company details in a centralized database.
 System that will enable people from different parts of the world to find jobs
anywhere in the world.
 Deny unauthorized access to the system and provide security for client
records.
1.5 Hypothesis
The solution to this operational problem is computerization. The proposed solution is to
provide a comprehensive and effective employment agency system that will make life
easier for employment seekers and employers in the comfort of their homes or offices. It
will have a database that will provide useful information. It is then possible to produce a
system within six months using the following software and hardware.
 Structured Query Language (SQL 2000) as the database application,
 Php / MySQL
 DreamWeaver
 Crystal Reports 8.5 for the reports.
 Pentium (IV) computer that acts as our database server.

1.6 Justification
There is need for a fully computerized online system that will address Elma Online
Employment Agency ’s business needs so as to remain competitive. The computerized
system will improve customer service, improve security, increase transaction speed and
reduce errors. It will also improve accessibility since clients will be able to get the latest
information about job vacancies and employment seekers. Implementation of this project
also means saving a lot of working and storage space. The recommended development of
an in house built system will be using Php/MySQL, DreamWeaver, crystal reports 8.5
and SQL 2000 which promises to be user friendly, efficient, effective and will be more
reliable.
1.7 Conclusion
The current system being used by Elma Online Employment Agency has proved to give
more problems that help to the company and the proposed web based computerized
system will definitely be a solution to the accumulating problems by providing security,
improving transaction speed, reduce errors and improve customer services.
CHAPTER 2
PLANNING PHASE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
“Planning is an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action”

This planning phase determines the success of the project. The researcher had to lay out a
proper planning and good management structure. Poor planning negatively affects the
project success.
In this chapter the researcher looked at:

 Business value of the system (Why build the system?)
 Is the proposed project feasible?
 The feasibility of building the new system (technical, economical, operational)
and possible risks that can arise.
 Is it going to be profitable as well as the payback period?
 Selecting the project team and assigning members with tasks.
 Eliminate the times required to complete the tasks.
2.1 BUSINESS VALUE
“Benefits may be quantified by comparing the increase (or avoid decrease) in

factors such as market share due to the new system”
The system would be a more convenient way of getting many clients or companies
registering with the agency.
2.1.1 Identification of business value

The employment agency module to be constructed is expected to derive a number of
benefits both for the Elma Online Employment Agency as an organization, to the
various stakeholders of the company and most importantly to the agency’s clients.
It is however essential to initially identify the business needs for the organization
before evaluating the benefits to be derived after the implementation of the proposed
system. The business needs for Elma Online Employment Agency include:

 Increase the agency’s market share and extend its services to the whole world,
thus automatically getting more clients.
 Reduce paperwork.
 Improve on transaction processing speed.
 Provide remote access to service.
 Provide 24/7 service delivery to clients and improve access to information for
clients.
 To provide access even out of Zimbabwe.
 Reduce costs incurred.
2.1.2 Benefits expected to be derived from the system

There are strategic and tactical benefits that can be derived after the introduction of
the new system.
Tactical benefits- these enable the company to continue functioning in the way but at
a lower level of costs, or with increased profits.
These include the following:
 Reduction of transport and stationery costs.
 Increase revenue due to increased number of clients.
Strategic benefits-these enable the company to enter new markets, either offering a
new product or reaching new markets.
 Better and faster marketing techniques reaching out to a large spectrum of
audience.
 Competitive advantage.
 Provide powerful customer loyalty.
 Improved convenience as clients will be able to do their transactions at any
time.
2.2 FEASIBILITY STUDY

“Do we have what it takes to carry out the project?”
The feasibility can be characterized into technical, economic and operational. The
feasibility analysis enables us to provide justification on whether the proposed
Employment agency system’s desired objectives can be achieved within the
prevailing economic, financial, organizational and technological constraints and a
descriptive comparison between the benefits and the costs.
2.2.1Technical Feasibility
“Do we possess the necessary infrastructure and technological expertise?”
The proposed system will be characterized by new technology and thus it is essential
to validate its technical feasibility. The extent of the successful development and
implementation of the system also depend on the availability of technical expertise.
An analysis of the current infrastructure at Elma Online Employment Agency

company is sufficient enough for the system to be said to be technically feasible to
develop and implement.
The following are some of the reasons that verify the technical feasibility of the
system:
 The team that is going to be involved in the development of the employment
agency has the necessary technical expertise to carry out the project.
 After restructuring of the company a lot of equipment was bought which is
sufficient enough to carry out and run the project.
 Most of the users are holders of ICDL Diplomas and have practical
experience working with computers and should not have a problem with
running the system.
2.2.1.1 Overall System Specification

Hardware
 Two servers (one main server and other for back-up), UPS batteries.
 Networking equipments (hubs, routers, network cables and sockets)
Software Requirements
 Windows 2000server/XP or Windows XP.
 Apache http server 2.0.8
 Microsoft Office 2000/XP 2003
 PhpMyAdmin
 SQ LiteManager
 MySQL 5.0.5b
Hardware Requirements
Server requirements
2 servers (one main server and the other for backup) with the following requirements:
 Hardware processor: Intel Pentium (1V1.6GHz).
 System memory: 512MB RAM (for faster processing).
 I/O expansion slots: 4PCI Slots (for future expansion).
 Storage media: 500 G Hard disk drive (x3), DVD/RW drive, USB disk drive, tape
drive (for back-up storage and data transfer).
 Network card: 10/100 NIC (for connectivity).
2.2.2 Operational Feasibility
“Are the users able to use the system, do we have the sufficient support to operate the
system”
The system users were interviewed using various techniques to gather data on operational
feasible and it was established that:
 All the users of the system have a suitable degree of computer literacy to learn
and use the system with ease.
 Everyone in the organization welcomes the system because of the high-tech image
it brings to the firm and its workers so there won’t be any resistance to change.

 The firm has a top qualified team of IT professionals to carry out general
maintenance and administration on the system.
 The system will use windows which the users are familiar with and won’t have
difficulties learning it.
 The system will be in perfect compliance with the organizational policy and
objectives because one of the system users in the project is from management and
best understands the firm’s rules, regulations (controls) and policies.
 There is an ideal environment for computer system which meets all requirements
such as security and power.
 The system will improve convenience to customers, which are among the group
users.
 The system will improve storage capabilities.
 There will be more improved access to records on requests made by clients on any
queries forwarded.
2.2.3 Economic Feasibility
“Can the expected benefits outweigh the costs to be incurred by the system?”
“Do we have the sufficient resources to finance the proposed system?”
A large number of funds have been set aside for the development of IT programs within
the organization and as far as financial resources are concerned the company is viably
able to carry out the project.
A survey was also conducted to examine the extent to which the benefits outweigh the
costs and we were able to come up with the following cost benefit analysis:
2.2.3.1 Cost benefit analysis

Tangible cost benefit analysis.
The following tangible cost benefits are expected to be derived from the system :
 User friendly and attractive interfaces.
 Reduced query processing time and transaction processing time.

 Increased in the customer base by at least 60%

 Reduction of about 205 in stationery costs due to less paperwork involved plus
transportation costs for application forms from offices around the country.
 Reduced labor (no overtime payments expected).
Intangible benefits
The following intangible cost benefits are expected to be derived from the system:
 Improved quality of information.
 Increased goodwill and customer satisfaction.
 Handling of large volumes of information.
 Improved efficiency as far as dissemination of information is concerned.
2.2.3.1.3 Development and maintenance costs

The firm is going to incur some development, as well as maintenance costs in the
system’s life cycle. Development costs are meant to cover the costs incurred during the
development of the system and these include:
 Stationary costs.
 Salaries for the development team.
 Traveling and research costs.
 Communication costs
Maintenance costs are meant to cover for the upkeep of the system, as it is not being
developed in-house. These costs may include software license, which is a one off
payment, annual license, subscriptions paid to the internet providers monthly. The
maintenance will also include upgrades to the system and any other modifications to be
done to the system. The maintenance costs also cover the support costs, which will be
conducted using telephones or site visits.
2.2.3.1.4 Installation and training costs

These costs cover the costs of setting up the system on the clients, computers and also
the training of the agency’s employees on some aspects of the system.

2.2.3.1.5 Operation costs

These are costs the company is going to incur in running the system. These costs will
include upgrading the broad bands as speed is continuously being demanded to be faster
as the client’s base broaden and subscriptions to the internet service providers. Stationery
for printing out customer’s interview details for those that do not have internet facilities
at home.
An outline weighing the costs and the benefits

The benefits to be derived from the system can be weighed against the costs and this can
be shown by analyzing the actual costs incurred and the benefits gained by using the
system as follows:

Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

USD USD USD USD USD USD
TANGIBLE BENEFITS
Expected increase in production
due to improved efficiency 0.00 11,250.00 11,800.00 12,000.00 13,000.00 12,000.00
Expected income due to reduced
risk assessment time 0.00 2,000.00 2,200.00 2,300.00 2,400.00 2,100.00
INTANGIBLE BENEFITS
Expected Goodwill 0.00 5,000.00 6,000.00 7,000.00 8,000.00 9,000.00
TOTAL BENEFITS 0.00 18,250.00 20,000.00 21,300.00 23,400.00 23,100.00
DEVELOPMENT COSTS:
Creative Design and development 5,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Project Manager on salary 400.00 450.00 450.00 480.00 480.00 500.00
Programmer on Salary 300.00 300.00 350.00 350.00 350.00 400.00
Information systems manager
(annual salary) cost allocation 2,800.00 2,000.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 1,000.00 1,000.00
Research 200.00 100.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 0.00
Additional Software 150.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
PC Work Station 1,000.00 200.00 250.00 200.00 200.00 50.00
TOTAL DEVELOPMENT COSTS 9,850.00 3,100.00 2,600.00 2,580.00 2,300.00 1,950.00
OPERATIONAL COSTS:
Hardware Maintenance 0.00 300.00 150.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Internet Access 0.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 120.00 120.00
Server hardware, software, 100.00
connection 0.00 120.00 140.00 140.00 100.00
Software Maintenance 0.00 200.00 150.00 150.00 100.00 100.00
Other Maintenance 0.00 400.00 500.00 600.00 600.00 500.00
Other Costs 0.00 100.00 200.00 200.00 250.00 250.00
TOTAL OPERATIONAL COSTS 0.00 1,200.00 1,220.00 1,290.00 1,310.00 1,270.00
TOTAL COST: 9,850.00 4,300.00 3,820.00 3,870.00 3,340.00 3,320.00

NET BENEFIT/(LOSS) (9,850.00) 13,950.00 16,180.00 17,430.00 20,060.00 19,780.00

2.2.4 Organizational Feasibility

Most of Elma Online Employment Agency ’s polities are in tandem with system to be
developed as it strives towards unlimited customer satisfaction and a rapid growth. From
interviews carried out within the organization the system to be developed has received a
node from most employees who feel it has been a prolonged development.
Below is an outline of some of the views expressed from different quarters of the
company:
Management – “customer satisfaction is our number one policy and we are prepared to
go to any extent to achieve 100% customer satisfaction.”
IT department – “we strive to find new ways of doing business and we definitely feel
that the web based system has brought a whole new era to the way we can do
everything.”
Employees – “the only way we can make it out there is through strategic marketing and
information dissemination techniques and as far as this aspect is concerned web based
employment agency system comes second to nothing at all.”
The acceptance of the proposed system from different levels of the organization proves to
a large extent how organizationally feasible the system is.
2.2.5 Environmental Feasibility

The evaluation of the effects of the project on the environment is a major step towards
making sure that the project does not possess any environmental effects such as pollution.
Computer technology does not however have any major impacts on the environment and
thus the project will not have any effects on the environment. The paperwork that is to be
used in the development of the system is recyclable and thus can be environmentally
friendly.

2.3 Stakeholders’ Risk Analysis
“Risk is a function of the likelihood of a given threat-source’s exercising a

particular potential vulnerability and the resulting impact of that adverse event
on the organization”
2.3.1 Technical Risks

There are technical risks associated with the system, which can result in difficulties in
operating the system. The risks can include risks such as the inability of most users to
operate the system.
2.3.2 Economic Risks

There are economic risks that may come out as a result of going ahead with the project.
These economic risks can include:
 Inability of the company to fund the project due to viability problems.
 An upsurge in costs due to the hyperinflationary environment being experienced
by the Zimbabwean economy.
There are also risks that are associated with operating web-based applications and these
include:
 Disruption of internet services due to the recent upsurge in power cuts.
 Invasion of privacy due to activities such as hacking.
 Spread of virus attacks through the use of internet services.
2.3.3 Other Treats

The other treats that can arise include:
 Corruption of data due to maybe inconsistency problems with the database.
 Probability of some members of the project team dropping out or moving to other
jobs.
 Possibility of not being able to finish the project within the time range to be
specified.

“How to curb these risks and threats”

Controls are going to be put in place to curb the various risks that may arise during the
development, implementation and operation of the system. Briefly these controls include:
 Privacy control against hackers.
 Disaster recovery techniques.
 Error detection and control techniques.
 Training and help files to assist users.
 Backup plans in case we lose employees or data.
2.4 Project Work Plan

This section gives an outline of the proposed time for the tasks to be carried out during
the development of the project.
2.4.1 System development life cycle

 We adhere to the waterfall approach of system development.
This approach consists of different stages, which are processed in a linear fashion. We
chose it because it offers a means of making the development more visible as
documents are produced at regular intervals.
The model has six stages namely:
-problem definition
-feasibility
-system’s analysis
-implementation
-maintenance
2.4.2 Plan of action

It is meant to show all the phases that the project will go through. All the stakeholders
of the project were consulted so that a schedule that allows adequate participation
from all relevant stakeholders could be developed. The following table shows the
various phases of the project and their duration.

Table 2.0
phase start finish duration
Problem definition 23/02/11 02/03/11 1 week
Planning 02/03/11 09/03/11 1 week
System analysis 09/03/11 16/03/11 1 week
System design 16/03/11 30/03/11 2 weeks
Implementation 30/03/11 13/04/11 2 weeks
Maintenance 13/04/11 27/04/11 2 weeks
2.4.3 Gantt Chart

Mar 2009 Apr 2009
ID Task Name Start Finish Duration
2/22 3/1 3/8 3/15 3/22 3/29 4/5 4/12 4/19
1 Documentation 2/23/2009 4/27/2009 9.2w
2 Problem defination 2/23/2009 3/2/2009 1.2w
3 Planning 3/2/2009 3/9/2009 1.2w
4 System analysis 3/9/2009 3/16/2009 1.2w
5 System design 3/16/2009 3/30/2009 2.2w
6 Implementation 3/30/2009 4/13/2009 2.2w
7 Maintenance 4/13/2009 4/27/2009 2.2w
 We shall put more time to the analysis and design phases of the project so as to
come up with a valid system at the end.
2.5 Conclusion
The planning phase indicates that the project is feasible to carry out after the feasibility
study and the risk analysis. This phase also enables us to come out with a plan to carry
out all the stages involved in the system development.

CHAPTER 3
ANALYSIS PHASE
3.0 Introduction
This phase takes a deep look at the analysis of the existing system and the system to be
constructed.
“What are the operations within the current system, how are processes linked within
the proposed system and how are the activities going to be coordinated”
These and other questions are what this chapter attempt to address. A detailed analysis of
current system being used by Elma Online Employment Agency and that of the proposed
system was carried out to enable us to:
 Have an understanding of the processes involved in the company’s activities.
 Have an insight onto the needs of various users of the developed system.
3.1 Information gathering Methodologies

A range of research methods were implemented during the research process and these
ranges from interviews, questionnaires and participative observations. Data was collected
from both internal and external sources which in a way improved the reliability and
validity of the research findings.
The table below shows an outline of the interviewed people from various stakeholders
which included the company’s clients.
Table 3.0 Tabulation of sample size
Sources of data Number of correspondents
IT department 20
Board of directors 10
Marketing department 3
Company’s shareholders 10
Company’s clients 100
3.1.1 Interviews

Various interviews were conducted with management, data capturers and a sample of the
company’s clients. A sample of questions asked during process is attached to the
Appendix 1 of the appendix section of the documentation. During this process
observations were also carried out by visiting the various departments within the
company’s structures.
The interviews carried out were very essential in our fact finding mission and they
offered the following advantages:
 We were able to obtain first information from the people involved.
 It was to establish the attitude of the interviewees towards the project.
 The interviewees offered immediate response and therefore enabled us to make
timely decisions on our project.
 We could easily clarify question to those being interviewed and thus we were
able to obtain clarified and easy to interpret responses.
Disadvantages
 The project lacked visualization of the system processes which limited their
comprehensibility.
 The method was time constrained as the interviewees had a lot of duties to go
along with.
3.1.2 Observations
This followed interviews and was the most informative technique. We conducted on site
observations to get broader details on how the processes and data flowed in the system.
This provided visual knowledge of the system record files, documents, procedures and
processes. The technique has the following merits and demerits to offer:
Advantages
 It provided better understanding of how the system processes were carried out
through visualization and direct conduct with the system.
 It exhibited a practical implementation of information gathered in the interviews
giving a better understanding of the system.
 The records and documents were better examined.

 Questions asked in the process were based on what was actually seen and system
aspects that interviewees had omitted were discovered.
 It required less preliminary planning.
 It needed less of users’ time.
Disadvantages
 Questioning interrupted ongoing processes.
 Questioning time was limited.
3.1.3 Questionnaires
These were sent mostly to the company’s clients and were meant to get an overview of
the company’s services from the clients’ perspectives. The response was overwhelming
to what we expected and a sample of this attached to Appendix 2 of the appendix section.
The following are some of the reasons why we had to use the questionnaires as an
information gathering technique:
 The respondents had time to consider their responses before writing them down
on the questionnaire.
 The questionnaire has high integrity because the researcher cannot influence the
subject hence no bias.
In addition the questionnaire was ideal for this study because it was cost effective and
saves much needed time, since the questionnaire are distributed at once to many people.
Despite the advantages that the questionnaires have to offer, however they had their own
drawbacks which we noted during our information gathering process and these included
the following:
 There was lack of personal communication between us the researchers and the
respondents, as a result there were variation of interpretation of questions this
though to a lesser extent comprised the validity of the information given by the
respondents.
Other information gathering techniques such as observation and going through some of
the documented information within the organization were also carried out and from all

these technique, we were able to come out with a detailed analysis of the existing system.
We however also faced some problems during information gathering process and these
include the following:
 There was generally a resistance from some individuals who thought it was a
restructuring program and thus feared the unknown.
 It was very expensive having to travel to different agency’s branches trying to
organize interviews and in some cases some of the people paneled to be
interviewed were very busy.
3.2 Analysis of the existing System
There are three main processes in the system, which are recruitment, selection and
invoicing. Each of the processes will be explored in detail below:
1. Recruitment process
Recruitment is the process of attracting individuals on a timely basis in sufficient
numbers and with appropriate qualifications and encouraging them to apply for jobs in an
organization. Elma Online Employment Agency acts as a link between employers and
employees and thus faces the task of finding applicants for positions, which various
organizations want to fill. The process of recruitment hence starts with a company
realizing the need to recruit and thus approaching Elma Online Employment Agency to
assist it. Potential employees together with potential employers will register with the
agency first before they can start benefiting from its services. The process of recruitment
consists of two stages namely requirements definition and advertising.
a) Requirements definition
The company, which wants to recruit, will approach the agency through the receptionist
with their recruitment needs. If the company has never conducted business with the
agency, the receptionist captures its name, address, telephone number, responsible
personnel and other contact details and stores them in the database of contacts. The
company then gives a clear definition of what constitutes the right candidate for the job
and the company itself. This is done using job description and person’s specification as
the tools.

These details are then passed on to the consultants, who check to see if they have any
candidates who suit the customer’s needs within the system. If not, then the process goes
to the next stage of advertising.
b) Advertising
The consultants then go on to produce flight advertisements, which are sent to the press.
TECHNOPRENURIAL uses one of the local newspapers, with which it has an account
for purposes of job advertising. This job advert contains the following details:
 Company identification
 Job summary
 Key duties
 Date of assumption of duty
 Closing date for applications
 Application procedure
 Contact details for purposes of applications
When candidates have responded to the advertisement and applied for jobs, the
consultants are now faced with the selection of the recruited individuals.
2. Selection process
Selection is the process of choosing from a group of applicants those individuals best
suited for a particular position and organization. It is choosing those applicants who are
best suited for the vacant position. The phases involved in the selection process are as
shown below.

Recruited individual
Short-listing
R
E Review of applicants
C
R
U Preliminary interview
I
T
E Final interview
D
Selection tests
Reference checks
I
N
D Selection decision
I
V Fitness examination
I
D
U
Employed Individual
A
signing contract
L
Induction
Fig 3.1 Summary of the selection process
The agency carries out part of the selection process up to the preliminary interviews, and
then the company in question takes over from the final interview up to induction. The
part done by the agency is described in detail below.

a) Short listing
All the applications received from the applicants are filed until the selection process is
carried out. These applications consist of an application letter, resume (CV) and certified
copies of academic certificates and transcripts. The process of selection begins with the
short-listing of the recruited masses. This involves sifting through the applications and
putting away those that do not meet the basic requirements. The final short-list is a
manageable number of ten that can proceed to the next phase of the process.
b) Review of applicants and resumes

The few short-listed applicants are then notified and asked to complete a commercial
application form that collate information and present it in a standardized form for easy
reference and comparison. These applications forms together with the resumes are
carefully studied to understand each of the short-listed candidates.
c) Preliminary interview
From the application forms, the consultants will then arrange the preliminary interview.
This serves to come up with a further short-list of five applicants who will proceed to the
final selection. This short-list together with resumes and application forms are sent to the
company so that it will carry out the final selection.
The company carries out further selection tests, final interview, selection decision,
medical or fitness examination and then finally induction. Unsuccessful candidates at
each stage are informed and at this stage, the recruiting company notifies them during the
same time the successful candidate is signing the contract. This marks the end of the
selection process.
3. Invoicing process
After induction, the company notifies the agency of the results of their selection process.
The agency then charges the company 15% of the employee’s gross annual salary. The
receptionist does the invoicing. She calculates the fee using the details supplied by the

organization when they brought their recruitment needs. However, if the company fails to
employ any of the applicants, the agency will charge a fixed small charge for selection.
The invoice is sent to the company through the messenger and the company is given an
ultimatum of 14 working days to pay its bill. When it pays, the messenger again delivers
the receipt and this terminates the process of recruitment and selection.
3.2.1 Manual system flow chart of the existing system

The processes discussed above can be best summarized by a manual system flow chart as
shown below.
Recruiting Company Human Consultants Applicant

Reception
Resources Manager
to
reception Application letter
Recruitment needs toreception Company Recruitment and CV
details needs
from
from
consultants
consultants
Checking
Short-list of for possible
applicants Data Invitation letter for
candidates
capture interview
in files
Conducts final
interview and Preparation Completion of
Recruitment needs of flight
makes final commercial
selection advetisement application form
decision
to
consultants
to
to Completed
Selectionresults Flight advertsement to consultants
reception Company application form
newspap
details
er
from
from applicant
reception
Attends the
Invoice Applicant's' CVs CVs of applicants
preliminary
interview
from
consultants
Results of
Cheque for Sorting of CVs
to Batching preliminary
payment according to
reception of CVs interview
post
from
reception
CVs File Short-listing
of
Receipt applicants
CVs are Invitation letter for

interview to
taken to
applicant
consultants

Recruitin company
Consultants Applicant
Human Resources
Reception
Manager
from company
Recruitment
results Conducts
preliminary
interview
Updates recruitment progress

details and caluculates fees
Further short-
listing
to
company
Invoice
Short-list, CVs,
Application forms
Copy of
invoice
to company
Cheque from
recruiting company
to
company
Receipt
Copy of
receipt
Fig 3.2 Manual flow chart for the existing system

3.2.2 Context diagram of the existing system

The manual system flow chart presented above gives us the physical description of the
current system. It centers more on the manual operations and does not show the data
flows and stores found within the system. A logical description of the system that caters
for this is needed. One of the ways of describing the logical model of the system is the
context diagram. The context diagram of Elma Online Employment Agency is as shown
below.
applicant newspaper agency

invitation letter
CV/Resume
commercial flight advert

application from
resumes and
application forms
invoice
prospective employer 0
management
recruitment
results Recruitment and Selection System
Employer details progress

report
short-list
recruitment needs
applicant's profile
recruitment
refree needs
consultancy
Fig 3.3 Context diagram of the existing system

3.2.3 Data flow diagram
The process called recruitment and selection in the context diagram above (Fig 3.3), is
made up of a number of process that can be split. The processes that have been realized
are as follows:
1) Registration of prospective employees and employers
2) Recruitment
3) Selection
4) Reports
5) Invoicing
The following data stores have also been identified.

1) Applicants Details File
2) Commercial Application Forms File
3) Invoices File
4) Employer Details File
5) Receipts File
6) Posts File
There are number of data flows in the system and the following have been identified:
1) Curriculum Vitae
2) Invitation Letter
3) Commercial Application Form
4) Notification Letter
5) Invoice
6) Short-list
7) Receipt
8) Progress Report
9) Recruitment Results
10) Flight Advertisement

The data sources and sinks have been identified to be:

1) Applicants
2) Employers
3) Newspaper Agency
4) Management
5) Referee
6) Consultancy
The logical model of the system will thus become clearer if a data flow diagram is drawn
showing each of the processes and its associated data stores, sources and sinks.
employer details
applicant
applicant details D1 Applicant
1 details
applicant
details employer
Registration Employer
details D4 Details
available posts D6 Posts File
recruitment
needs 2 newspaper
agency
flight
Recruitment advert
recruitment
needs
commercial consultancy
application
form Commercial
D2 applcation
notification letter 3
forms
invitation letter
application applicant's
Selection profile refree
forms
prospective
CVs
employer
short-list
D7 Reports File
progress report
selection 4
results
progress report
Reports management
Invoices
5 D3
invoice invoices
receipt Invoicing receipts

D4
Receipts
Fig 3.4 Data flow diagram for the existing system

3.2.4 Strength of the Current system

 It is easier to learn and user friendly.
 It can perform most but not all of the employment agency functions that are
required of an employment agency system.
3.2.5 Weakness of the Current System

Despite satisfying the basic agency’s needs the current system has the following
weaknesses:
 A lot of paperwork is involved and this turns to be very expensive and at the
same time makes the offices look untidy and unpleasant to work in.
 The information dissemination techniques employed by the company of using
flyers have not been able to reach large audience.
 The system does not keep track of the queries made by clients as these are at
times only solved without writing down.
 The current system is characterized by a long transaction processing time, which
results in delayed confirmation of the presence of vacancies to employment
seekers as well linking qualified people to the companies.
 There is limited security as everyone at the offices can have access to volatile
and confidential information.
 There is duplication of data in various departments resulting in data redundancy.
3.3 Evaluation of alternatives

These are alternatives we have to consider before coming up with the final strategy on the
new system.
3.3.1 Buying from software vendors

We have considered whether it is worthwhile to acquire generic software from software
vendors and customize it to suit the organization’s needs. Our analysis into this option
enabled us to come up with the pros and cons:

Merits
 There is minimal time delay
 Generic software is relatively cheaper because it is produced in huge quantities.
 It does not take much of the organization’s resources.
 Cost is clear before any initial investment.
Demerits
 Some user requirements are unique to the development firm and generic software
cannot meet them.
 Generic software is difficult to connect to custom databases.
 There is insufficient training support.
 There is poor technical support.
 There is need for software licensing.
3.3.2 In-house development

The organization can also develop the system on its own using internal IT specialists.
Merits
 The development is cheaper because there is no additional consultancy or labour
cost.
 There is likely to be communication between project stakeholders because they
are in the same organization.
 Management has better control over the development team.
 There is software licensing costs.
 There is better training and its easier for the users to understand the system due to
the frequent communication as the project progresses.
Demerits
 The project can take long and consume considerable resources.
 The total development cost is not clear until the end of the project.
 Project is more costly than buying software off the shelf.
 Internal staff may not have proper or adequate intellectual resources to build a
quality system.

3.3.3 Contract solution developer

The organization may hire a specialist organization to look into its problems and
requirements and develop the appropriate solution.
Merits
 Hiring organizations that specializes on system development often results in
quality systems being developed because of their experience in the system
development environment.
 There is also better training and it is easier for users to understand the system due
to frequent communication as the project progresses.
 There is good training and technical support.
Demerits
 This is relatively the most expensive method because of the additional
consultancy and labor costs.
 There is software licensing cost.
 The total development cost is not clear until the end of the project.
 The project can take long and consume considerable time and resources.
3.4 Decision
After evaluating all possible alternatives we saw it appropriate to implement the in-house
software development strategy because the situation and the set up of the system is
distinct and unique to the organization cause the organization wishes to extend the system
in the future to allow even job search using phones and also wants to include internet café
system. The organization has also competent enough IT specialists to develop the system,
so there is no need to incur cost in contracting software development firms. Therefore the
ultimate prudent choice is to do in-house development.
3.5 Requirements analysis

The employment agency system to be developed is expected to derive a considerable
number of benefits and also to meet certain quality standards. It should support all levels

within the organizational structure and should meet the needs of various users and
stakeholders. The proposed system is supposed to meet the following requirements:
 Keep all transaction up to date.
 Improve the productivity of workers.
 Improve communication between the employment agency and its clients.
 Improve information dissemination techniques for the agency.
3.5.1 Functional requirements

The system is expected to perform up to a certain level and this forms part of the
functional requirements. They consists of various inputs, processes and outputs that are
expected of the system:
 User level security
 Transaction information
 Clients’ details as well as users’ details
 Graphical user interface
Processes
The proposed system will have the following processes:
 Registration
 Recruitment
 Selection
 Payments
Outputs
The outputs will be:
 Summarized daily and monthly reports showing transactions carried out.
 Account statements.
In detail the proposed system is going to:
 Enhance the security of client and organizational information.
 Provide detailed reports such as the number of clients registered with the agency.

 Provide clients with information about the agency for example any changes in
operations.
 Reduce the processing time so that clients get quick responses from the agency.
Use Case Diagram
Employment Agency System
uploads CV accepts users
«extends»
«uses»
«extends»
«uses»
creats account stores users

details «extends»
Recruitment System
Applicant «uses»
generates reports
receives news
letters
attend to queries
«uses»
creats accounts
«extends»
«extends»
«extends» uploads company update news «extends»

details
«extends»
«extends»
make payments
Employer IS Manager
sends vaccances

The activity diagram
APPLICANTS COMPANIES ADMIN
registration registration recruitment
Check
selection
details
Create applicants
accept Send confirmtions
accounts
Deactivate/
activate account
Check
Create company
payme Process payments
account
nt
Update account
Check Send notification

Upload vacancies payme Update account of expiry
nt
Activate account
3.5.2 Non functional requirements

During the development we are expecting to encounter some difficulties and these are the
non functional requirements of the proposed system.
These constraints might include the development costs and the response time of the
system.
3.6 Conclusion
At this point it can be safe to conclude that we have enough comprehension and sound
knowledge of the current system and user requirements to proceed with design of the new
system. We can now move to the next stage which is focused on designing the new
system basing on the logical model of the current system and addressing its
shortcomings.

CHAPTER FOUR
DESIGN PHASE
4.0 Introduction
Designing an object to be simple and clear takes at least twice as long as the usual way. It
requires concentration at the outset on how a clear and simple system would work,
followed by the steps required to make it come out that way- steps which are often much
harder and more complex than the ordinary ones. It also requires relentless pursuit of that
simplicity. In the previous chapter, we looked at the analysis of the existing system in
order to come up with the design of the proposed system. Hence in this chapter we are
going to discuss the design of the proposed system.
4.1 Description of the Proposed System

In order for us to have a better understanding of the proposed system we also need to
know how the various processes within the system are going to work and in some cases
how they interact with each other. We managed to come up with the design of the
proposed system for Elma Online Employment Agency and categorized it into the
following
 Architectural design
 Database design
 Interface design
 Output design
The whole stage of the system will be divided into three different sections which
comprises of system inputs, system processes and system outputs. A data flow diagram
will summarize all of them and how data travels in the system.
4.2 Data flow diagram

The proposed system will have the following processes:
1) Registration
2) Recruitment
3) Selection
4) Reports

5) Payments
Associated with all these processes is just one data store, which is the database.
The system will have the following data sources and sinks
1) Applicant
2) Newspaper Agency
3) Employer
4) Management
The system will make use of the following data flows

1) Curriculum Vitae
2) Requirements definition
3) Invitation letter
4) Notification letter
5) Invoice
6) Recruitment results
7) Progress report
8) Flight advertisement
9) Progress report
Having identified all the processes, data stores, data flows, sources and sinks, we can now
draw the data flow diagram.

employer details
employer#
applicant
details
applicant 1
applicant
details employer
applicant# Registration details
recruitment
needs
recruitment
needs 2 database
newspaper
agency
Recruitment flight
advert
notification letter 3
selection results
Selection
prospective
employer
short-list
selection 4
decision
progress report
Reports management
5 payment
invoice
details
receipt
payment Invoicing
Fig 4.1 Data flow diagram of the proposed system

4.2 System Design

The design of the system is going to focus mainly on the basic elements that the system
should meet which include such factors as user friendly interfaces. The following are
components on which the design is going to encompass on:
 User friendly interfaces
 Security
 Report generation
User friendly interfaces-the interfaces should help the customer by providing easy to
follow instructions and should make the user fill flexible with using them.
Security- this is going to be in the form database security, system security and network
security. Database will focus on making sure that the database does not offer access to
unauthorized users.
Report generation- presentation or reports is very essential as they are part of the
outputs facilitates decision making and thus should be designed in such a way that will
facilitate the decision making process.
4.2.1 Architectural Design

Network Architectural Design
This covers the network environment in which the system is going to operate in. it will
also cover the hardware and software requirements.

Company Sever (EEA)
4.2.2 Physical infrastructure design

This will look at the physical outlay that is going to characterize the proposed system.
The physical design for the system is given in the form of a diagram as shown below:

Elma Online Employment

Agency
The agency will be managing all its operations through the agency server since it will
also act as the storage for its database. All the transactions carried out in the Employment
Agency System will be stored in the company’s database whether they were carried out
from the agency or from the internet. The customer can either carry out his or her
transactions from the internet or by going directly to the agency. Clients using the web
module will be connected to the agency’s database using the wide area network and those
at the agency will be connected to the agency’s database using the local area network
connections.
4.3 Program Design
The design of the program was done with considerations of the different modules, classes
and functions that are going to be in the Employment Agency System.

Package diagram
This shows the collection of the logically related UML elements. The different classes
within the system were grouped into packages to reduce the complexity and thus enabling
us to have a better understanding of the system. The diagram below illustrates the
package within the system:
«uses»
«uses»
RECRUITMENT REGISTRATION
«uses»
«uses» «uses»
«uses»
«uses» «uses»
«uses» «uses»
SELECTION PAYMENTS REPORTS

4.4 Class Diagram for the System
Applicant
Applicant account
Agency
Applicant name
Gender
Address Username
Password Agency name
Email Address
Phone number Profession
Phone number
Email
Website
Create account ()
Login () Manage website ()
Check newsletters () Manage accounts ()
Selection ()
Payments
Company name
Company
Reg number
Date of payment
Amount
Company name
Address
Phone no,,
Email
Set status()
Shareholders
Account expiry()
Post vacancies ()
Check interviewees ()
Make payments ()

Sequence Diagram
The importance of knowing how the operations are carried out and what messages are
sent is an important aspect in the construction of the Employment Agency System and we
managed to construct the sequence diagram for the Employment Agency System to be
constructed.
In the diagram the customer is added on into the system through the NewCustomer ()
window. After the customer has been added into the system the agency module then
processes the validity of the registration transaction made and then sends back a
confirmation.
Sequence diagram for the system
: Window Agency Module Web Module Transaction Transaction processing & authentification
New customer() New customer()

«refines» «refines»
Process transaction()
Make transction()
«uses» «traces» «traces» «uses»
Confirm transaction()
Confirm transaction()
Report() Report()
4.4 Database design

This section of the development process covered the arcTechnoprenurialectural design of
the database as well as the logical and physical design of database.
The design of the database was done in two parts:

The logical database design – this describes data using a notation that corresponds to a
data organization used by a database management system.
The physical database design – the results that we obtained during the logical database
design were then used to construct the physical database.
4.4.1 Architecture design of the database

In this section we analyzed how the data is generally arranged in the database. The data is
arranged in a database in the form of schemas and this is illustrated in the diagram below.
Global/ external schema
Conceptual schema
Global external
schema
Fragmentation and Allocation schema
Local schemas
Local mapping and conceptual schemas

database
It consists of three layers the physical layer, conceptual layer and the application layer.
The three layers are descriptive of the data that exists at the physical level. The database

management system must transform the requests made at external schema against the
conceptual schema and into the request on the internal schema over the stored database.
The schema is the description of the database of specified during database design and the
instance is the data that is store in the database at given time.
4.4.2 Logical database design

This process involved the identification of the entities and their relationships. An entity
relationship diagram was constructed to illustrate the findings of the logical design. A
construction was also done highlighting the appearance of the database.
We managed to come up with the following entities for the proposed system:
 The employer
 The applicant
 Vacancy
 Qualification
 Referee
 Grade
The table below shows the various entities and their attributes,
Table 4.0 Entity- Attribute Table

Entity Attribute Description
Applicant First name The first name of applicant
Second name Second name of applicant
Surname applicant’s surname
Sex applicant’s gender
Address the physical address of
applicant
Email the e-mail address of
applicant
Telephone Number applicant’s phone number
Area of specialization applicant’s area of study

Profession area of specialization

Marital status applicant’s marital status
Employers Company name name of company

Registration number company registration
number
Company ownership whether it is private owned
or a parastatal
Address company’s physical address
Phone number phone numbers for the
Email company
Type of company major services it offer
Account Account type Whether the account is an

individual account or
company
Account status Account state at that time
either active, deactivated or
suspended
The Agency Name Name of the employment
agency
Address The agency’s address
Email The email address of the
agency
Telephone number Telephone numbers for the
agency
website Website address for the
agency
After identifying the entities and their relationships we managed to come out with an
entity- relationship diagram for the system which is under construction.

Entity Relationship Diagram

Table 4.1 Entity relationships
Entity1 Entity2 Relationship Name
Applicant Vacancy M:N Applies for
Employer Applicant 1:M Employs
Applicant Referee M:N Refers
Applicant Qualification M:N Has
Vacancy Qualification M:N Requires
Grade Qualification M:N Describes
Employer Vacancy M:N Offers
Employer Payment 1:M Makes
These entity relationships can be represented diagrammatically on an entity relationship

diagram (ER model). This is shown in figure 4.3 below.

name address
employer# balance employer#
fee
email
N
1
receipt# payment makes employer

cell
gross phone
annual amount
salary tendered N
surname
offers name
description
vacancies
vac# address
1
applicant#
M
closing date
N sex
employs
applicant
vacancy
duty
assumption profession
experienc
e
N M
email
applies
reports to cell
N
qcode
M phone
M
requires qualification has
N
M
level title
refers
grade#
N
name
position
N
M
refree#
grade describes refree
description
address
cell
points
phone
email

Tables
This part of the documentation is going to look at some of the tables that are within the
physical database design of the new system. The table designs constitute part of the
database design as the tables are found within the database.
Database Tables
Table 4.1 Users
The table shows the main three attributes of each user that identifies him or her when
logging into the system and these details will even determine what he or she will access.
Field name Data type Description
Userid Int Number which identifies
uniquely each user
Username Text Name of the user
Password Text A random generated
number that the user is
going to use in order to
login to the system

Table 4.2 ApplicantRegDetails
Field name Data type Description

First name Text name of applicant
Second name Text Second name of applicant
Surname Text applicant’s surname
Sex Text applicant’s gender
Date of Birth Date applicant’s date of birth
Address Text applicant’s physical address
National ID Text applicant’s national ID
(unique)
Email Text applicant’s e-mail address
Telephone Number Number applicant’s phone number
Area of specialization Text applicant’s area of study
Profession Text area of specialization
Marital status Text applicant’s marital status
The diagram below shows the tables and the relationships as they would appear in
the system
Client details
First name
Surname
Sex
Date of Birth Transaction
Client account Account type details
Address
Username National ID Amount paid
Password Email Account type
Userid Telephone Account id
Account type Number Transaction date
Account status Area of Transaction type
specialization
Profession
Marital status

4.5 Interface design
The user interfaces took up more of designing time as we tried to place much emphasis
on the quality and user friendliness.
4.5.1 Menu interface design
We designed the main menu in such a way that the user will find it easier and flexible to
follow and carry out the different tasks that are required of him or her and enlighten the
new users on the services that Elma Online Employment Agency Company is able to
offer them.
Before getting to the design of sample forms we will give an illustration on how we want
the forms to be linked.
Notification & Updates &

conformation selection
letters forms
Applicants Company Administrator

accounts accounts account
My account registration
Contacts Home About us
News

The diagram shows that almost every page will be able to link you to the other and
depending with your authorizations you will access the other forms.
Home page
The home page contains the menu which directs the user to which ever transaction they
intend to do and the news headlines of what is happening in the organization in relation to
its interaction with its clients and updates on any changes. The design will be as follows:
Company logo
HOME ABOUT CONTACTS ACCOUNTS REGISTRATION NEWS
US
HOME
NEWS
DATE: 20 April 2012
Picture More and more
companies register with
Elma Online
Register now for the best recruitment solution Employment Agency ….
<more>

Login form
Company logo
HOME ABOUT CONTACTS ACCOUNTS REGISTRATION NEWS
US
HOME
NEWS
Username…………………
DATE: 20 April 2012
Password………………….
More and more
login
companies register with
Elma Online
Employment Agency ….
Register now for the best recruitment solution <more>
4.5.3 Output design
The output design mainly focuses on the outputs that are produced after processing has
been carried out. This design mainly consists of the reports that are to produced by the
system.

The reports were designed in such a way that all the assessments of how business is
improving can be done easily without much concentration and give the registered
companies a clear report on their payment history.
4.6 Summary
The design phase has given an outline of how the system will look like and the various
activities that are involved in the system. It spells out the interactions between the
different entities within the system.

CHAPTER FIVE
IMPLEMENTATION
5.0 Introduction
In the previous section, we considered various designs and decided on which design to
implement. We also gave an outline of how the input and output of the proposed system
will be like. In this chapter we will look at sample codes that will help in getting what we
are expecting from the system and the various ways in which the new system can be
implemented and these are discussed in this section.
5.1 Coding
This section we will discuss the programming language that will be used for
development, programming style, data storage, connection method, processing method as
well as the input and output methods.
5.1.1 Programming language
The proposed system will be developed using PHP programming language. This is
because PHP is probably the most popular scripting language on the web. It is used to
enhance web pages. With PHP, you can do things like create username and password
login pages, check details from a form, create forums, picture galleries, surveys, and a
whole lot more. If you've come across a web page that ends in PHP, then the author has
written some programming code to liven up the plain, old HTML.

PHP is known as a server-sided language. That's because the PHP doesn't get executed on
your computer, but on the computer you requested the page from. The results are then
handed over to you, and displayed in your browser. So since we want a web based system
PHP would be the best language to use.
5.1.2 Programming style
There are many approaches to system development that can be used but we will use the
Structured Approach to Analysis and Design in our implementation. In implementing this
approach, we will use the Top-down Approach together with Modular programming.
1. The Top-Down Approach
This approach allows us to ascertain overall organizational objectives along with
ascertaining how they are best met in the overall system. The system will be divided into
subsystems and their requirements.
Advantages of the Top-down approach
 It allows us to avoid the chaos of attempting to design the system “all at once”.
 It gives us the ability to have separate systems analysis teams working in parallel
on different but necessary subsystems.
 It eliminates losing sight of the system as a result of getting so mired in detail.
Disadvantages
 There is a danger that the system will be divided into the wrong subsystems.
 Once subsystem divisions are made, their interfaces may be neglected or ignored.
 The subsystems must be reintegrated, eventually.

5.1.2 The Top-Down Design of the proposed system
The proposed system will be decomposed into six subsystems, each of which will be
divided into subtasks. The six subsystems of the proposed system will be as follows:
1) File – This will enable creation of new records and saving of backup files.
2) Queries – This will allow the querying of database tables to produce relevant
data.
3) View/Edit – This will allow the viewing and editing of records.
4) Print – This will allow the printing of invoices, receipts, letters and other receipts.
5) Security options – This will enable users to change their passwords as well as the
information systems manager to add new users to the system.
6) Exit – This will allow users to exit the system by showing the log out dialogue
box.
Each of these subsystems will be a menu option.
The proposed system will make use of Modular programming and the Top-down
approach. Modular programming concept is useful for the top-down approach. Once the
top-down design approach is taken, we will break the whole system into logical,
manageable sized modules or subprograms in order to use modular programming
techniques.
Advantages of modular programming
 Modules are easier to write and debug.
 Tracing an error in a module is less complicated.
 Modules are easier to maintain.

 Modules are easier to grasp because they are self-contained subsystems.
 It is to modify or insert modules.
 As individual programmers and design, we can be given different modules
and work independently of each other.
5.1.3 Modules
Basically the system is divided into two major sections, each with its own sub modules.
The two major sections are the employment agency module and the network module.
The Agency Modules
 Process
 Maintenance
 Reports
Processes
The processes module contains such sub modules as registration, editing of registration
details, posting vacancies and payments. It allows the user to perform the following
transactions:
 Registration- it allow the users to register thereby automatically opening an
account.
 Editing of registration details- allow users to edit the entered when they registered
for example applicant would have registered only “O” Level results but now they
have finished their “A” Levels.

 Posting vacancies- allows registered companies to post the vacancies at their

company so that the agency provides them with employees.
 Payments- allow companies to pay their subscriptions.
5.1.4 Pseudo code for the agency module
Pseudo code for the whole agency module system
Begin
Enter registration details
If registration details=correct entries
Send conformation letter
Then
Display account
Enter username and password
end if
If username and password=correct login
Display my account
end if
If account type=administrator
Display administrator
end if
If option=confirmation letters
Display confirmations menu
end if

If option=registration confirmation letters
Display registration confirmation letter
end if
If option=accounts
Display accounts menu
end if
If option=notification letters
Display notifications menu
end if
If option=updates
Display update form menu
end if
If account type=individual
Display my personal account
end if
if option=update
display update form
end if
if account type=company
display my company account
end if
if option=new

display upload menu
end if
if option=end programme
end if
5.1.5 Program Code Segments
Code for connecting database, making changes, adding and deleting data
Code for connecting database
<?
$conn = mysql_connect('localhost');
echo $conn;
?>
Create a DB
<?
mysql_connect('localhost');
if(mysql_query("CREATE DATABASE bongie")) {
echo "Database bongie created";
} else {
echo mysql_error();
}
?>
Create a Table
<?
mysql_select_db('bongie');
$result = mysql_query("CREATE TABLE users (
id varchar(16) binary NOT NULL default '',
Password varchar(16) NOT NULL default '',
Name varchar(64) default NULL,
email varchar(64) default NULL,
ts timestamp(14) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
)");
if($result) {
echo "Table created";

} else {
echo mysql_error();

}
?>
INSERT Query
<?php
function add_user($id, $pass, $name, $email) {
$result=mysql_query("insert into users values
('$id',ENCRYPT('$pass'),'$name','$email',NULL)");
if($result) {
echo "Row inserted<br />";
} else {
echo mysql_error()."<br />";
}
}
add_user('rasmus','foobar','Rasmus Lerdorf','rasmus@php.net');
add_user('carl','carlspass','Carl AlexandeR
Lerdorf','carl@lerdorf.com');
?>
Using UPDATE
<?
$result = mysql_query(
"update users set email = 'babycarl@lerdorf.com'
where id = 'carl'");
if($result) {
echo mysql_affected_rows();
} else {
echo mysql_error();
}
?>
5.2 Testing
Before the system can be installed on a client’s machine it is essential to conduct tests so
as to check for errors such as syntax errors and some errors which might compromise on
the quality of the system.
The testing was carried out in the following phases:
 Unit testing

 Module testing
 System testing
 Acceptance testing
5.2.1 Unit testing
The testing technique focuses on a unit of the program which can either be a function or a
module. Two different techniques that we used for the unit testing and these are:
 Black box testing- this involved testing of the inputs and outputs produced by the
system without taking into consideration the internal operations of the system.
This involved checking outputs such as reports to verify whether they were
producing the required outputs.
 WTechnoprenuriale box testing- this pays detail to the internal processes of the
system. It focuses on the internal working detail of a unit and identifies errors not
shown through black box.
5.2.2 Module testing
This is also called link testing. It tests a collection of intergraded module into a
subsystem. It ensures job streams are correct. There is detection of interface mismatches
and rigorous exercise of the interface between programs. The modules, which are linked
together, were tested.
5.2.3 Interface testing

In this section the following conclusions were drawn about the interface:
 All data content contained within the window is properly addressable with a
mouse function keys and keyboard shortcuts.
 All functions that relate to the windows are available when needed.
 All the windows close properly.
 All tools on interface serve a function.
 All relevant pull-down menus, tool bars, dialog boxes, buttons, icon, and other
controls are available and properly displayed for the windows.
All the information needed from the user is accessible from the interface tools, i.e can the
interface effectively accept.
5.2.4 System testing
This testing technique involves cycle tests all programs and ensure that everything
necessary is in place for instance proper documentation. It involves testing of the whole
system to measure efficiency and effectiveness of the system. It is essential to measure
the systems functionality with stated objectives and this is done during the process of
system testing. Functions such as security and output generation will be taken into
account as users go through the system. There are also other issues that are taken into
consideration such as compatibility of the software to the hardware and how the system
will adapt to computer threats.

Testing phases outline
Unit
Testing
Module
Testing
System
Testing
Acceptance
Testing
5.2.5 Acceptance testing
The users needed to accept the system and they can only do so after they have tested the
system themselves. This is one of the final stages before the system is accepted for use. In
this stage errors and omissions that the developers might have missed are discovered. The
system will be installed to a sample group of users who will provide feedback on the
systems functionality.

Sample tests results
Test 1
This test verifies the input that was placed in the field controls, for instance a user can be
verified whether he/she is one of the registered users to the system. If the user is not a
registered user then the system will deny him/her rights.
In this case wrong information was entered and the following is what came out:

It gave an error message and prompts you to retry or go through the registration process if
you are not registered.
Test 2: Missing data
This was done to check whether it would be able to show that some information is not
entered if some fields are left blank.

The error message is saying field for surname is required. Now we will check what will
happen if one tries to just the information ignoring the error message
It will show you the information you entered and leave blanks on the fields not entered
and prompts you to go back and fill the missing information.
Test 3: Can one access anything?
Before you login you choose the type of account you have then you directed straight to
the login of that account and if you don’t possess the login details for that particular
account you will not access any of the information.

Here one chose the company acc and the following came out:

The company login form and you are given the option to go and register.
5.3 Installation
To install the system, for the tests and training
 Insert the compact disc (CD) into the CD drive.
 Click My Computer on the desktop and right click the mouse.
 Click Explore to view all the drives on your computer.
 Select Compact Disc (D:) and right click the mouse as above. This time you can
choose either Open or Explore.
 Select Elma Online Employment Agency and copy it.
 Go where the server is located and open it and paste it in the folder www as
follows

C:\Program Files\EasyPHP1-8\www\test
 Use either of these servers wamp, xxamp or easyphp1-8
 Activate the server so that it starts running.
 Set the systems home page to be the default page when you start internet explorer.
 Double click internet explorer on the desktop to access the system.
You can then safely run the program
5.3.1 Installing the system on the World Wide Web
We are not going to host the system on our own due to shortage of equipment so we will
make use of the internet service providers.
5.4 User training
Group training will be used to conduct the user training. These training sessions will
occur at each of the sites. We will conduct the training at the headquarters first, after
which other IT personnel will be expected to go to different sites to work there for
sometime conduct training at those sites in during the course.
Each and every member of staff is expected to attend as the system is intended for
everyone. For these training sessions, an overhead projector, laptop and printed user
manuals will be required. These training sessions will be conducted in the evenings for
one working week so that business will not be disrupted or come to a halt.

The training will cover how to log in and out of the system, change passwords, user
privileges as the staff will also be expected to help job seekers of whom some will come
personally and do their applications but others (most) will require assistance on line so
one needs to have the system on the finger tips. People especially IT personnel will need
to know how to perform backups as well as the new system functionalities.
5.5 Methods of conversion
Several methods were taken into account before selecting the best conversion method to
use. The methods that were taken are as follows:
 Pilot conversion
 Direct conversion
 Parallel conversion
5.5.1 Pilot conversion
Pilot is a selective implementation method. Installation of the new system is to those to
those departments that require the use of the system. Cost is relatively moderate since
only one or two locations run both systems. Risk is also relatively moderate when this
method is used.
5.5.2 Direct conversion
This conversion method sees a complete overhaul in use of the existing system. The new
system is then implemented and starts operating.
The old system is completely done away with as people shift into the use of the new
system. This strategy has relatively low cost of implementation, however there is an

imminently high risk of the new system failing to meet the requirements or fail to give
better functionalities than the old one.
5.5.3 Parallel conversion
This involves running the two systems together at the same time. This gives the user a
better background to the new system and also backup to refer to incase the new system
fails.
The implementation costs are relatively high as both systems will be operating
simultaneously for the whole changeover period specified. Risk is relatively low due to
the existence of backup from the old system still in operation.
5.5.4 Decision
The parallel conversion method was the most favored so both the new and existing
systems will run in parallel for a period not exceeding twelve months after which
feedback on the performance between the two systems will be provided for adjustments if
necessary.
5.6 Maintenance
Regardless of how well designed, constructed and tested a system or application maybe,
bugs or errors will inevitably occur. Bugs can be caused by any of the following:
 Poorly validated requirements.
 Poorly communicated requirements.

 Misinterpreted requirements.
 Incorrectly implemented requirements or designs.
 Simple misuse of the programs.
The fundamentals of our system maintenance will thus be:
 To make predictable changes to the existing programs to correct errors that were
made during systems design or implementation.
 To preserve those aspects of the programs that were correct to avoid the
possibility that “fixes” to programs to cause other aspects of those programs to
behave differently.
 To avoid as much as possible, the degradation of system performance. Poor
system maintenance can gradually erode system throughput and response time.
 To complete the task as quickly as possible without sacrificing quality and
reliability. The proposed operational information system cannot afford to be down
for an extended period.
With this in mind, the administrator or IT manager will be responsible for the
maintenance of the proposed system. She will be responsible for the application
documentation as well as the program documentation. The main areas of concern in our
system maintenance will be:
1. The repository.
This is a data sore of accumulated system knowledge, system models, detailed
specifications and any other documentation that has been accumulated during

systems development. This knowledge is reusable and critical to the proposed
system’s ongoing support.
2. The program library.
This is a data store of all application programs. The source code for these
programs must be maintained for the life of the system. The software-based
librarian, Microsoft SourceSafe, will control access to the stored programs in
case a problem in a new version forces temporary use of the prior version.
This is also necessary for version control, that is, keeping tack of changes
made to the programs.
3. The business data.
This includes all the actual business data created and maintained by the
production application programs. This will be stored in the relational database.
This data will be under the administrative control of the administrator.
System maintenance will be done each time an error occurs and the administrator has
validated the problem by reproducing it or waiting for it to recur again. Before making
any changes, the programs will be executed and tested to establish a baseline against
which the modified programs and application can later be measured. The administrator
can then study the program and debug it to come up with a corrected version of the
program, a candidate release, and meaning that this will be a candidate to become the
next production version of the program. The candidate release will be tested, if it fails it
returned for further debugging and if it succeeds it will become the next production

version of the system. Older versions will then be retained in the library for version
control.
The other aspect maintenance is of making monthly subscriptions to our internet
providers or host companies so that we are always connected and the system is up and
running. The other thing is as clients increase in number speed is important so that we
remain competitive so we will continually increase our bandwidth.
5.6.1 Backup
The system will make use of magnetic discs, compact discs, memory sticks as well hard
drives for storing backup information. These backups will be done on a daily basis to
avoid data losses due to viruses or disk crashes. Some of these copies will be stored off
the site so that in case of natural hazards like fire, they can be used to recover the system.
Backup will be done daily at the end of each working day, that is, at 1630hrs, a full
system backup each week, monthly backups at the end of each month and even annual
backups.
To make backup copies, the users will minimize all the programs they will be running, go
to the desktop and click “My Computer” and right click the mouse button. On the
dialogue box that appears after performing the right click, they will select “Explore” and
then select the drive their file or folder is located. After locating the file, they will click
the file or folder and then right click again. Another dialogue box will again appear and
this time they will choose “Send To…” Another dialogue box will appear, showing them
the list of drives or locations they can save the data to. Clicking any of these locations

will result in the data being copied to that location. Of course for removable storage such
as magnetic tapes, compact discs and flash memory, the device has to be inserted into the
drive.
5.6.2 Recovery methods
The following recovery methods will be used in the new system:
Contact operations personnel to correct the problem, especially when servers are
involved copies of the system files will be stored by the host company.
The information systems manager may have to recover lost or corrupted database.
a) Any transaction that occurred between the last backup and the database’s recovery
must be reprocessed. This is called roll forward.
b) If the crash occurred during a transaction and that transaction was partially
completed then any transactional updates to the database that occurred before the
c) Crash must be undone before reprocessing the complete transaction. This is called
roll back.
Database Management Systems and transaction monitors provide for transaction
provide for transaction roll back and roll forward.
1) Call network administration to fix a local, wide or interconnecting problem.
2) If a software bug caused the crash, the information systems manager can attempt
to quickly isolate the bug and trap it (automatically by coaching users to manually
avoid it) so that it will not cause another crash. Bugs can then be handled as in the
case of system maintenance.

5.7 System review
The system will bring about many improvements and benefits to the organization, which
are discussed below.
 The new system provides better security due to the use of passwords and user
privileges. This was part of the systems objectives and could be implemented.
 The system generates reports, as required and specified in the objectives and this
makes the work easier for the responsible personnel who have been relieved of the
manual labor involved.
 Sharing of information has been made possible through the use of the database
and hence this objective could be met during implementation.
 The selection of applicant records could be computerized as expected and
mentioned in the objectives.
 Fast access to records and hence increased efficiency and throughput has been
introduced to the system.
 Manual labor has all been reduced and hence the work place has been made user-
friendlier.
 Many can now access and be able to benefit from the agency since it’s a web
based system now.
 There is no longer duplication of data as the computer will not accept double
entry of the same records.
 Clients can update their details at any time and not having to bring all the details
again as in the old system.

5.8 User manual
In this section this section we will give and show an outline on how the system is used for
the correct and intended output but before this is what the system offer:
 Data storage. File cabinets will be replaced by a database, which will
store details of employers, applicants and vacancies in tables. These tables
can be updated, records added or deleted from them.
 Security. The system will offer enhanced security measures through the
use of passwords, user privileges and physical locks. Not everyone will
have access rights to delete or edit data. Each user will have a unique
identification (user ID) as well as unique passwords for log in and log out.
 Recruitment. The system will allow the users to query the database and
select all applicants who are applied for a certain position. If there are
none suitable, it will produce a flight advert for that position or vacancy
and print it.
 Selection. The system will short-list the applicants to produce a list of the
first ten and produce invitation letters for the preliminary interview.
 Reports. The system will produce progress reports, list of all applicants
and various other reports for the management.

Getting started
Click internet explorer on the desktop and the home page is displayed for you as shown.

The home page comes with the menu for the whole system. Clicking the text in red also
leads you to what the text is saying it leads.

This form gives you details about the company Elma Online Employment Agency and
clicking <more> gives you more details about the subject being discussed about.
The next form the contacts form gives the contact details of where you can find Elma
Online Employment Agency offices.


The news form gives the news in detail expanding on the headlines shown at the home
page. One has to login first in order to access the form. We are going to look at how you
get to have an account.
First you click registration button on the home page or any of the forms or a register
link.
After filling all your these details click view terms and conditions where you see what the
conditions of having and maintaining your account are.
If you agree with the terms you click the button near I agree with the terms and
conditions.
For company accounts just fill your details on the other side of the form

This is the lower part of the registration form
Below is the page that prompts one to cross check the details they have entered.
After confirmation of registration details, a window opens that will prompt one to enter
the username and password of their choice. You should retype your password in the
confirm your password field so to make sure the password you entered is the one you
wanted. The window is as shown below:

Click submit to send your details and after that a form to specify the account type you
have applied for between the three options which are applicant account if you are seeking
for a job, company account if you are an employee and administration account if are a
staff member at Elma Online Employment Agency .
After this applicants have options to go back to the registration form to edit their details if
they are any changes to be made and reading the news for advertised vacancies.
The staff will enter their login details in the form like the one below:

Click login and if you have the administrator account the following form is displayed
with a submenu which you can click to perform or view any of the activities each form
displayed carry.

Below are samples of a notification and a confirmation letter respectively that are sent to
clients after registration and after a payment are done and all the verifications about ones
identity.
Account deactivation notification letter

Administrators can also view reports on different information that the managerial needs
for decision making like all registered companies as below.

Company account holders, after logging in have a submenu with upload vacancies which
on clicking browse are able to locate a document with the requirements as per the note on
the form. They can also choose to see applicants who are registered and to update their
accounts and a record of their payment history.
5.9 Recommendations
After completing the system we managed to come up with a number of recommendations
that we thought are essential for the continued running of the system and these include
the following:
 It is essential that the users be aware of the risks associated with running systems
as this one as there are a lot of stakeholders concerned.
 It is thus essential for users to attend refresher training courses.
 Users should make full use of the user manual which gives a detailed step by step
approach to the basics of the system in operation.

 The programmers must come up with system improvements from time to time to
ensure that the system adapts well to the dynamic information technology
environment.
 Management need to have regular checks of reports that are being produced by
the system as a way of implementing controls to avoid immoral activities that
employees may engage in for instance users might manipulate the reports and
come up with facetious results.
5.9.1 Improvements and suggestions to counter possible threats
The following constraints can however be encountered during the system operation
and need to be addressed carefully:
 Some applicants as a matter of trying luck can input fake names in order to
have many accounts which wastes memory so we recommend that the user
accounts be activated and start functioning after their details have been
checked and confirmed existing by collaborating with the national registration
companies.
 Company registration numbers can also be checked with the national company
registration.
 Update Company balances after confirming payments. So we recommend that
we also register with the bank for electronic banking.

5.10 Conclusion
As can be seen, the new system provides a lot of benefits for the users but it can be
further developed and be enhanced in a lot of ways. We have developed the system for
the user, with the user in mind and it is up to the user to make full, proper and effective
use of the system for the system to be efficient and for the user to enjoy these benefits. It
is hence necessary and vital for the users to fully understand the system and hence users
are recommended to take their training seriously.

APPENDIX
APPENDIX 1: Questionnaires
The following is a questionnaire which has been developed for Elma Online Employment
Agency to find out relevant information in assisting the development of the Web Based
Employment Agency System.
Your full participation in completing this questionnaire is greatly appreciated as we hope
it will go a long way in improving the service delivery of the agency.
Please tick the applicable was necessary:
1. How best can you describe the operations of the current system?
Satisfactory Excellent Poor
2. Do you think there is need for a change in the current system?
Yes No
3. What are your views on computerized and web based system as a new way of
connecting job seekers and employee seekers?
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
4. What impact do you think it will have on the convenience in conducting business
transactions?
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................

5. Do you think online employment agency will have an impact on the society that we
live in and what are the likely benefits or drawbacks of using a web based system?
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
You can give any extra information on what you don’t like about the system being
used now
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

APPENDIX 2: Interview Questions

The following is an extract from some of the interviews that were conducted within Elma
Online Employment Agency:
1. How best can you describe the operations that take place within the company?
2. Can we say that you provide excellent customer service?
3. What do you think are the limitations that are in the current system that can hinder you
from providing the best quality services to your clients?
4. How best do you handle customer queries and what are the most posted queries and
what do you think is best way dealing with it once and for all?
5. How do you feel about introducing the online recruitment system as a way of reaching
out to your clients?
6. Do you think that this will affect the way you do business and also the way customers
perceive your service delivery?
7. What controls do you think are important if we are to implement this kind of system?

APPENDIX 3: List of Symbols

Data Flow Diagrams Use Case Diagram Sequence Diagram
Message (Call)
Process Actor
Object Lifeline
Entity
Extends
Data Store
Uses
Data Flow
System Activation
System boundary
Data Source
Use Case
Message
Activity and State Diagrams Package and Component Diagrams Class Diagrams
State
Package Class
Final State
Generalisation
Initial State
Component
Composition
Decision Interface
Object
Swimlane
Note
Deployment Diagram
Form design Gantt Chart
Task Bar
Node username Label
Milestone
Component
Instance Textbox Title Title
submit Command Button
Package Context Level Diagram
Entity
Communication Core
Process
Object
Data Flow

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Kendall et al (2004) Systems Analysis And Design 5th Edition, Prentice Hall of India
Private Limited.
NIIT (2004) Basics of Software Project Management, Prentice Hall of India Private
Limited.
Bentley et al (2004) Systems Analysis And Design Methods 6th Edition, Tata McGraw-
Hill, New Delhi.
C.J. Date (2000) An Introduction to Database Management Systems 7th Edition, Pearson
Education, Singapore.
Hughes Aircraft Company, (1999) An Improved Micro level Software Development
Resources Estimation.
Ben Schneidermann (1998) Designing The User Interface 3rd Edition, Addison Wesley
Longman, Inc.
James A.O Brien, (1996), Management Information systems.
Capron H.L(1995) Computer Tools for information Age (3rd Edition) Benjamin
Cummings, Menlo Park.
The internet
http://learningat.ke7.org.uk/itweb/DBMS/sld004.htm
http://planningskills.com/glossary/27.php
www.uasc.edu/learning material/systems and design/2003.html. Material produced by
professor J.K Miller, Open learning institute.

J Chigu BTech IT Project

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HARARE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Project Proposal for the

PRESENTED BY: JUSTIN CHIGU

This project was presented to the Department of Information

JUSTIN CHIGU Bachelor of Technology (Honors) Degree in Information Technology H1012240U 2

1.2 Background of study

JUSTIN CHIGU Bachelor of Technology (Honors) Degree in Information Technology H1012240U 3

JUSTIN CHIGU Bachelor of Technology (Honors) Degree in Information Technology H1012240U 4

 Provide Data integrity and consistency by avoiding a situation whereby the

JUSTIN CHIGU Bachelor of Technology (Honors) Degree in Information Technology H1012240U 5

“Planning is an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action”

In this chapter the researcher looked at:

2.1 BUSINESS VALUE

“Benefits may be quantified by comparing the increase (or avoid decrease) in

2.1.1 Identification of business value

JUSTIN CHIGU Bachelor of Technology (Honors) Degree in Information Technology H1012240U 7

2.1.2 Benefits expected to be derived from the system

2.2 FEASIBILITY STUDY

JUSTIN CHIGU Bachelor of Technology (Honors) Degree in Information Technology H1012240U 8

“Do we have what it takes to carry out the project?”

“Do we possess the necessary infrastructure and technological expertise?”

An analysis of the current infrastructure at Elma Online Employment Agency

2.2.1.1 Overall System Specification

JUSTIN CHIGU Bachelor of Technology (Honors) Degree in Information Technology H1012240U 9

2.2.2 Operational Feasibility

JUSTIN CHIGU Bachelor of Technology (Honors) Degree in Information Technology H1012240U 10

2.2.3 Economic Feasibility

2.2.3.1 Cost benefit analysis

JUSTIN CHIGU Bachelor of Technology (Honors) Degree in Information Technology H1012240U 11

 Increased in the customer base by at least 60%

2.2.3.1.3 Development and maintenance costs

2.2.3.1.4 Installation and training costs

JUSTIN CHIGU Bachelor of Technology (Honors) Degree in Information Technology H1012240U 12

2.2.3.1.5 Operation costs

An outline weighing the costs and the benefits

JUSTIN CHIGU Bachelor of Technology (Honors) Degree in Information Technology H1012240U 13

Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

TOTAL BENEFITS 0.00 18,250.00 20,000.00 21,300.00 23,400.00 23,100.00

TOTAL COST: 9,850.00 4,300.00 3,820.00 3,870.00 3,340.00 3,320.00

JUSTIN CHIGU Bachelor of Technology (Honors) Degree in Information Technology H1012240U 14

2.2.4 Organizational Feasibility

2.2.5 Environmental Feasibility

JUSTIN CHIGU Bachelor of Technology (Honors) Degree in Information Technology H1012240U 15

2.3 Stakeholders’ Risk Analysis

“Risk is a function of the likelihood of a given threat-source’s exercising a

2.3.1 Technical Risks

2.3.2 Economic Risks

2.3.3 Other Treats

JUSTIN CHIGU Bachelor of Technology (Honors) Degree in Information Technology H1012240U 16

“How to curb these risks and threats”

2.4 Project Work Plan

2.4.1 System development life cycle

2.4.2 Plan of action

JUSTIN CHIGU Bachelor of Technology (Honors) Degree in Information Technology H1012240U 17

2.4.3 Gantt Chart

1 Documentation 2/23/2009 4/27/2009 9.2w

2 Problem defination 2/23/2009 3/2/2009 1.2w

3 Planning 3/2/2009 3/9/2009 1.2w

4 System analysis 3/9/2009 3/16/2009 1.2w

5 System design 3/16/2009 3/30/2009 2.2w

6 Implementation 3/30/2009 4/13/2009 2.2w

7 Maintenance 4/13/2009 4/27/2009 2.2w

JUSTIN CHIGU Bachelor of Technology (Honors) Degree in Information Technology H1012240U 18