2. Đề cương 12 1. Công thức mũ và lôgarit 2021 2022

Điện thoại ghi danh: 0938.388.
397 – thầy Hiếu Nguyễn Chuyên đề: Mũ - logarit
C hương II. HÀM SỐ LŨY THỪA

HÀM SỐ MŨ VÀ HÀM SỐ LOGARIT
Bài 1. Công thức mũ - logarit

Dạng toán 1: Công thức mũ và các biến đổi

Cho a , b là các số thực dương và x , y là những số thực tùy ý , đồng thời n  2; n   
n
 an   an 
 Với a  0 , ta có: a 0  và a n  
y
ax 
ax n
 a x .b x   n a
b x  a .n b  
n
b
 
m
n
 a x .y   a 
x y
 a  a x y  n k
 a 
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
4 3
2.1. (GV) (MH lần 2 – 2017) Cho biểu thức P  x . x 2 . x 3 , với x  0. Mệnh đề nào đúng ?
1 13
...............................................................................................................
A. P  x . 2
B. P  x . 24
1 2 ...............................................................................................................
C. P  x 4 . D. P  x 3 .
5
2.2. Cho biểu thức P  x . x . 3 x . x , x  0. Mệnh đề nào dưới đây đúng ?
2 3
................................................................................................................
A. P  x . 3
B. P  x . 10
13 1 ................................................................................................................
C. P  x . 10
D. P  x . 2
2.3. Viết biểu thức P  x 5 . 3 x 2 . 5 x 3 (x  0) dưới dạng lũy thừa với số mũ hữu tỉ.
61 117
................................................................................................................
A. P  x 30 . B. P  x 30 .
113 83 ................................................................................................................
C. P  x 30
. D. P  x . 30
6 4
2.4. Cho biểu thức P  x . x 5 . x 3 với x  0. Mệnh đề nào dưới đây đúng ?
15 7
...............................................................................................................
A. P  x . 16
B. P  x . 16
5 47 ...............................................................................................................
C. P  x . 42
D. P  x . 48
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Điện thoại ghi danh: 0938.388.397 – thầy Hiếu Nguyễn Chuyên đề: Mũ - logarit
11
2.5. Cho biểu thức P  x x x x : x 16
với x  0. Mệnh đề nào dưới đây đúng ?
4 6
A. P  x. B. P  x. ...............................................................................................................
8 ...............................................................................................................
C. P  x. D. P  x.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
9
2.6. Cho biểu thức P  x x x x x : x 16 với x  0. Mệnh đề nào dưới đây đúng ?
5 13
...............................................................................................................
A. P  x 32 . B. P  x 32 .
9 1 ...............................................................................................................
C. P  x . 48
D. P  x . 32
...............................................................................................................
23
3 k
2.7. Cho biểu thức P  x x 2 x 3 , với x  0. Xác định k sao cho biểu thức P  x 24 .
A. k  6. ........................................................................................................................................
B. k  2. ........................................................................................................................................
C. k  4.
........................................................................................................................................
 k.
D. 
........................................................................................................................................
3 1 3 1
(x )
2.8. (GV) Cho biểu thức P  với x  0. Mệnh đề nào dưới đây đúng ?
x 3 2
.x 2 3
A. P  1. ........................................................................................................................................
6
B. P  x . ........................................................................................................................................
2
C. P  x . ........................................................................................................................................
2
D. P  x ........................................................................................................................................
3 1
a .a 2 3
2.9. Cho biểu thức P  (a  0). Mệnh đề nào dưới đây đúng ?
2 1 2 1
(a )
A. P  a . ........................................................................................................................................
2
B. P  a . ........................................................................................................................................
C. P  1. ........................................................................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................................................................
D. P  a .
7 1
a .a 2 7
2.10. Cho biểu thức P  (a  0). Mệnh đề nào dưới đây đúng ?
2 2 2 2
2a 5 (a )
5
A. P  a . ........................................................................................................................................
5
B. P  a . ........................................................................................................................................
1 ........................................................................................................................................
C. P  
2 ........................................................................................................................................
D. P  2.
........................................................................................................................................
m n n
b 3 a a  a  b 
2.11. (GV) Biết 5    với a, b là các số thực dương. Tìm m . Gợi ý:      .
a b  b   b  a 
2 2 ....................................................................................................................
A. m   B. m   
15 15 ....................................................................................................................
C. m  2. D. m   2.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
7 2

a 6 .b 3
2.12. Cho biểu thức T  với a  0, b  0. Mệnh đề nào dưới đây đúng ?
6 2
ab
2
A. T  ab . ........................................................................................................................................
B. T  ab. ........................................................................................................................................
b
C. T   ........................................................................................................................................
a ........................................................................................................................................
a
D. T   ........................................................................................................................................
b
1 1
a 3 b b3 a
2.13. (GV) Với a, b  0 bất kỳ. Cho biểu thức P   Tìm mệnh đề đúng ?
6
a  6b
A. P  ab . ........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
B. P  3 ab .
........................................................................................................................................
C. P  6 ab .
........................................................................................................................................
D. P  ab.
........................................................................................................................................
5 5
x y  xy
4 4
2.14. Cho biểu thức P  với x  0, y  0. Mệnh đề nào dưới đây đúng ?
4
x 4y
A. P  xy 2 . ........................................................................................................................................
B. P  xy. ........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
C. P  xy .
........................................................................................................................................
D. P  x  y. ........................................................................................................................................
b 3 a 4  a 3 b4
2.15. Cho biểu thức P  với a  0 và b  0. Mệnh đề nào sau đây đúng ?
3
a  3b
A. P  b  a . ........................................................................................................................................
B. P  2ab. ........................................................................................................................................
1 1 ........................................................................................................................................
C. P  a .b .
3 3
........................................................................................................................................
D. P  ab.
........................................................................................................................................
1 1 2
a (a
3 3
a ) 3
2.16. (GV) Cho biểu thức P  1 3 1
với a  0. Mệnh đề nào sau đây đúng ?
a (a  a )
4 4 4
A. P  a 2  a. ........................................................................................................................................
B. P  a  1. ........................................................................................................................................
C. P  1. ........................................................................................................................................
D. P  a  1. ........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
1
 1 1
2
 y y 
 
2.17. (GV) Cho P  x 2  y 2   1  2   với x, y  0. Chọn khẳng định đúng ?
   x x 
A. P  x . ........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
B. P  2x .
........................................................................................................................................
C. P  x  1.
........................................................................................................................................
D. P  x  1. ........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
 a 2 a  2  a  1

2.18. Cho T    . với 0  a  1. Hỏi khẳng định nào đúng ?
a  2 a  1 a  1  a
2 ........................................................................................................................................
A. T  
a 1 ........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
a 1
B. T   ........................................................................................................................................
b
........................................................................................................................................
C. T  2 a .
........................................................................................................................................
D. T  a  1. ........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
5  3x  3x
2.19. (GV) Cho 9x  9x  23. Tính giá trị của biểu thức K  
1  3x  3x
5 ........................................................................................................................................................
A. K   
2 ........................................................................................................................................................
1 ........................................................................................................................................................
B. K  
2 ........................................................................................................................................................
5 ........................................................................................................................................................
C. K  
2 ........................................................................................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................................................................................
D. K  
2 ........................................................................................................................................................
x x 10  2x  2x
2.20. Cho 4  4  14. Tính giá trị của biểu thức P  
3  2x  2x
A. P  2. ........................................................................................................................................................
1 ........................................................................................................................................................
B. K  
2 ........................................................................................................................................................
6 ........................................................................................................................................................
C. P  
7 ........................................................................................................................................................
D. P  7. ........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
4  5x  5x
2.21. Cho 25x  25x  7. Tính giá trị của biểu thức P  
9  5x  5x
A. P  12. ........................................................................................................................................................
1 ........................................................................................................................................................
B. P  12 .
........................................................................................................................................................
1
C. P   ........................................................................................................................................................
9 ........................................................................................................................................................
D. P  2. ........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
2.22. (GV) Giá trị của biểu thức P  (7  4 3)2017 (7  4 3)2016 bằng
A. 1. B. 7  4 3. ......................................................................................................................
C. 7  4 3. D. (7  4 3)2016 . ......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
2.23. Giá trị của biểu thức P  (9  4 5)2017 (9  4 5)2016 bằng
A. 1. B. 9  4 5. ......................................................................................................................
C. 9  4 5. D. (9  4 5)2017 . ......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
2.24. Giá trị của biểu thức P  (5  2 6)2017 (5  2 6)2016 bằng
A. 1. B. 5  2 6. ....................................................................................................................
C. 5  2 6. D. 3. ....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
2.25. Giá trị của biểu thức P  (1  3)2016 (3  3)2016 bằng

1008 1008
A. 12 . B. 4 . ......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
C. (1  3)1008 . D. (3  3)1008 .
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
2.26. Giá trị của biểu thức P  ( 6  2)2016 ( 6  3 2)2016 bằng

1008 1008
A. 48 . B. 48 ......................................................................................................................
1008 1008 ......................................................................................................................

C. 18 . D. 18 .
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1
  2 
2.27. (GV) Với 0  a  b thì giá trị của biểu thức T  (a  b )  (4  ab) bằng
 
A. a  b . ........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
B. b  a .
........................................................................................................................................................
 
C. b  a . ........................................................................................................................................................
 
D. a  b . ........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
a b
3a  3b
2.28. (GV) Cho a, b  0 và đặt X  3 2
, Y   Khẳng định nào đúng ?
2
A. X  Y . ........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
B. X  Y .
........................................................................................................................................................
C. X  Y .
........................................................................................................................................................
D. X  Y . ........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
9x
2.29. (GV) Cho hàm số f (x )  ; x   và a, b thỏa a  b  1. Giá trị f (a)  f (b) bằng
9x  3
A.  1. ........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
B. 2.
........................................................................................................................................................
C. 1.
........................................................................................................................................................
1
D.  ........................................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
4x  1   2   98   99 
2.30. (GV) Cho hàm số f (x )   Tính tổng P  f    f       f    f   
4x  2 100  
100 

100  100 
99 301 ......................................................................................................................................
A.  B. 
2 6 ......................................................................................................................................
101 149
C.  D.  ......................................................................................................................................
2 3
......................................................................................................................................
4x  1   2   99  100 
2.31. Cho hàm số f (x )   Tính tổng P  f    f        f    f   
x
4 2 100  100  100  100 
99 301 ......................................................................................................................................
A.  B. 
2 6 ......................................................................................................................................
101 149 ......................................................................................................................................
C.  D. 
2 3 ......................................................................................................................................
9x 1 2 8 9

2.32. Cho hàm số f (x )  x  Tính tổng P  f    f         f    f   
9 3 10  10  10  10 
10 11 ......................................................................................................................................
A.  B. 
3 2 ......................................................................................................................................
9
C.  D. 5. ......................................................................................................................................
2
......................................................................................................................................
4x  1   2   2015   2016 
2.33. Cho hàm số f (x )   Tính T  f    f        f    f   
   
x
4 2  2017   2017   2017   2017 
A. T  2016. B. T  2017. ..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................
2016
C. T   D. T  1008. ..............................................................................................................................
2017
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
9t
2.34. (GV) Xét hàm số f (t )  với m là tham số. Gọi S là tập hợp tất cả các giá trị của m sao
9t  m 2
cho f (x )  f (y)  1 với mọi x , y thỏa e x y  e(x  y ). Tìm số phần tử của S .
A. Vô số. ........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
B. 0.
........................................................................................................................................................
C. 1. ........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
D. 2. ........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
Daïng toaùn 2: Coâng thöùc loâgarit vaø caùc bieán ñoåi


Cho 0  a  1 và b, c  0.
ln b 

 loga f (x )  b   
lg b 

logb c
 loga 1  , loga a   a  b 
 loga n b   loga b n 
 loga (b  c )  b
 loga 
c
 loga b   loga b 
NHÓM BÀI TẬP LÀM QUEN NHAU

1. Nhóm định nghĩa
 a x  b  0  x  loga b  loga x  b  x  a b
a) 2x1  5  .......................................................... a) log2 (x  1)  3  ..............................................

...................................................................................... ......................................................................................
b) 3x 1  4  .......................................................... b) log3 (x  2)  4  .............................................
......................................................................................
......................................................................................
x 2 1
c) 4  32  ....................................................... c) log4 (x  1)  2  ...........................................
......................................................................................
......................................................................................
x1
d) 5  1  ...........................................................
d) loge (x  1)  1  ..............................................
......................................................................................
......................................................................................
e) e x  2  .............................................................
e) ln(x  1)  2  .................................................
......................................................................................
......................................................................................
f) e 2x  3  ............................................................
f) log(x  3)  2  ...............................................
......................................................................................
......................................................................................
x
g) 10  3  ...........................................................
2
g) lg(x  1)  1  ..................................................
...................................................................................... ......................................................................................
2. Nhóm công thức biến đổi
b
 loga (b.c )  loga b  loga c (tích  tổng)  loga  loga b  loga c (thương  hiệu)
c
1
 loga b n  n.loga b (trên  trên)  logan b  loga b (dưới  dưới)
n
1) (GV) Thu gọn biểu thức A  log2 (3x )  log2 (4x )  ................................................................................
2) Thu gọn B  log3 (2x )  log3 (8x )  ............................................................................................................
3) Thu gọn C  log(6a )  log(4a )  ...............................................................................................................
4) Thu gọn D  ln(5b)  ln(2b)  ...................................................................................................................
5) (GV) Cho log2 a  m . Tính log2 (2a ) theo m ...........................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
 a 3 
6) (GV) Tính log a   ......................................................................................................................................
3 
 27 
7) (GV) Cho log2 a  m . Tính log 2 (2a ) theo m ..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
8) Cho log3 x  m . Tính log 3 (27x ) theo m ..................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
9) (GV) Cho log2 a  m . Tính log2 (8a 2 ) theo m .........................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
10) Cho log3 a  m . Tính log 3 (27a 3 ) theo m .................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
11) Cho log5 a  m . Tính log5 (125a 5 ) theo m ...............................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
12) Cho log a  m, log b  n . Tính log(100a 2b 3 ) theo m, n ...........................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................
13) Cho log3 a  m . Tính log 3 (9a 2 ) theo m ..................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
14) Cho log3 a  m, log3 b  n . Tính log 3 3 (27a 2b 3 ) theo m, n ......................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
15) (GV) Cho log3 a  m . Tính log a (9 a ) theo m ......................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
16) Cho log5 a  m . Tính loga (125a 2b 3 ) theo m ............................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
17) (GV) Cho log 3 x  2 log 3 a  log 1 b. Tính x theo a và b.

3
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
2 3
18) Cho log7 x  log7 ab  log7 a b. Tính x theo a và b.
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
2 3 4
19) Cho loga b  2 và loga c  3. Tính giá trị của biểu thức P  loga (a .b .c ).
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
3 6
20) Cho loga b  3 và loga c  5. Tính giá trị của biểu thức P  loga (ab c ).
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
2 5
21) Cho loga b  3 và loga c  4. Tính giá trị của biểu thức P  loga (ab c ).
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
2 3 2 3
22) Cho loga b  2 và loga c  5. Tính giá trị của biểu thức P  loga (a . b . c ).
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
23) Cho log2 a  4 và log3 b  2. Tính giá trị của P  2 log2  log2 (8a )  9  log 1 b 2 .
 
9
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
1
24) Cho log3 a  2 và log 2 b   Tính giá trị của biểu thức P  5 log 3 log 3 (3a )  log 1 b 2 .
3 4
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
1   125  
25) Cho log5 a  6 và log 6 b   Tính P  3 log5  log5    28  2 log (36 b ).

4   a  
6
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
2a 3
26) Cho log2 a  m, log2 b  n , tính log2 theo m, n ...............................................................................
b
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
9x 2
27) Cho log3 a  m, log3 b  n ,tính log 3 theo m, n ................................................................................
y
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
27a 2
28) Cho log3 a  m, log3 b  n ,tính log3 theo m, n ..............................................................................
b
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
81a 3
29) Cho log3 a  m, log3 b  n , tính log 3 theo m, n ..............................................................................
b2
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
e 3. a
30) Cho ln a  m, ln b  n , tính ln 2 theo m, n ......................................................................................
b
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
3
 a 
 
31) Cho log a  x và log b  y . Tính log 27   theo x và y .
3 3
 b 
..................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
2
a 
32) (GV) Cho log2 a  m, log2 b  n , tính log 2   theo m, n 2
 b 
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
33) Cho log2 a  m , tính log2 2 (2a ) theo m .....................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
34) Cho log3 x  m , tính log2 3 (9x ) theo m ....................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
35) Cho log3 a  m , tính log29 (3a )  log21 (27a ) theo m .................................................................................
3
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
4
36) Cho log2 a  m , tính log24 (2a 2 )  log2 2 theo m ...................................................................................
a
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
3
 3a 
37) Cho log3 a  m, log3 b  n , tính log 3   theo m, n ...........................................................................
2
 b 
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
 a 2 
38) Cho log5 a  m, log5 b  n , tính log   theo m, n ...........................................................................
2
5 
 25b 
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
3. Nhóm đổi cơ số
1 logc b logb c logb a

 loga b    loga b    loga b. logb c  loga c .  a c .
logb a logc a
1) (GV) Cho loga x  2 và logb x  3. Tính giá trị của biểu thức P  logab x  log a x .
b
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
2) Cho loga x  3 và logb x  4. Tính giá trị của biểu thức P  logab x  log a x .
b
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
3) Cho loga x  2 và logb x  5. Tính giá trị của biểu thức P  logab x  2 log a x .
b
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
4) Cho loga x  3 và logb x  2. Tính giá trị của biểu thức P  2 logab x  4 log a x .
b
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
b 16 1
5) (GV) Cho loga b  và log 2 a   Tính  b .
2 b a
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
b 125
6) Cho loga b  và log 5 a   Tính giá trị của biểu thức a  2b.
25 b
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
b 16
7) Cho log a b  và log 2 a   Tính giá trị của biểu thức a  2b.
4 b
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
8) (GV) Cho logm 5  x và log m 3  y . Tính giá trị của biểu thức P  (x  y ) log10 m .
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
9) Cho loga 6  x và loga 2  y . Tính giá trị của biểu thức P  (x  y ) log 12 a .
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
log2 3 log3 4
10) (GV) Tính 8 9  .................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
2016 log 2017

11) (GV) Chứng minh: a a2
 2017 1008.
2016 log 2017
Ta có: a a2
 ......................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
1
logb a 2
12) Chứng minh: a  b.
1
logb a 2
Ta có: a  ..............................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
32 loga b
13) Chứng minh: a  a 3b 2 .
32 loga b
Ta có: a  ..........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM
1. (THPT QG 2017 – Mã 101 câu 06) Cho 0  a  1. Tính I  log a a.
1 .............................................................................................................................
A. I   B. I  0.
2 .............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
C. I  2. D. I  2.
a 2 
2. (THPT QG 2017 – Mã 103 câu 10) Cho 0  a  2. Tính I  log a   .
2 
 4 
1 1 .............................................................................................................................
A. I   B. I   
2 2 .............................................................................................................................
C. I  2. D. I  2. .............................................................................................................................
3. (THPT QG 2018 – Mã 101) Với a là số thực dương tùy ý, ln(5a)  ln(3a) bằng
ln(5a) 5 ln 5 ........................................................................
A.  B. ln(2a). C. ln  D. 
ln(3a) 3 ln 3 ........................................................................
4. (THPT QG 2018 – Mã 102) Với a là số thực dương tùy ý, log 3 (3a ) bằng
A. 3 log 3 a . B. 3  log 3 a . C. 1  log 3 a . D. 1  log 3 a . ........................................................................
1
5. (THPT QG 2017) Cho log 3 a  2 và log 2 b   Tính I  2 log 3 log 3 (3a )  log 1 b 2 .
2 4
5 ....................................................................................................................................
A. I   B. I  4.
4 ....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
3
C. I  0. D. I   ....................................................................................................................................
2
1
6. Cho log 2 a   1 và log 3 b   Tính I  4 log2 log2 (8a )  log 1 b 4 .
2 9
A. I  0,5. B. I  3. ....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
C. I  0. D. I  1.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
2 3
7. (THPT QG 2017 Câu 29 – Mã 103) Cho loga b  2 và loga c  3. Tính P  loga (b c ).
A. P  31. B. P  13. ....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................
C. P  30. D. P  108.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
8. Cho loga b  3, loga c   2. Giá trị của biểu thức loga (a 3b 2 c ) bằng
A.  8. B. 5. ....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
C. 4. D. 8.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
2 4
9. Cho a, b  0. Giá trị của biểu thức loga b  loga2 b bằng
A. 2 loga b. B. 0. ....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
C. loga b. D. 4 loga b.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
b 16
10. Cho 0  a  1, b  0 thỏa mãn loga b  và log 2 a   Tổng a  b bằng
4 b
A. 16. B. 12. ....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................
C. 10. D. 18.
b 27
11. Cho 0  a  1, b  0 thỏa mãn loga b  và log 3 a   Tổng 2a  2b bằng
9 b
A. 30. B. 60. ..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................
C. 90. D. 120.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
3y 32
12. Cho 0  x; y  1 thỏa mãn log 3 y  và log 2 x   Giá trị của P  x 2  y 2 là
x
8 y
A. 120. .............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
B. 132.
.............................................................................................................................................................
C. 240.
.............................................................................................................................................................
D. 340. .............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
13. Cho a, b  0 thỏa log 2 a  x , log 2 b  y . Giá trị của biểu thức P  log2 (a b ) bằng
2 3
A. 2x  3y. B. x 2y 3 . ...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
C. x 2  y 3 . D. 6xy. ...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
14. Cho a, x là các số thực dương, biết log 3 x  2 log 3 a  log 1 a. Tính x theo a .
3
4 3
A. x  a . B. x  a . ....................................................................................................................................
C. x  3a. D. x  a  3. ....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
3 6
15. (THPT QG 2017 Câu 15 – Mã 101) Với 0  a; b  1, giá trị của loga b  loga2 b bằng
A. 9 loga b. B. 27 loga b . ....................................................................................................................................
C. 15 log a b . D. 6 loga b. ....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................
16. Cho loga x  2, logb x  3 với a, b là các số thực lớn hơn 1. Tính P  log a x.
b2
1 ....................................................................................................................................
A. P   6. B. P  
6 ....................................................................................................................................
1 ....................................................................................................................................
C. P    D. P  6.
6 ....................................................................................................................................
17. (THPT QG 2017 – Câu 42) Cho log a x  3, logb x  4 với a, b  1. Tính P  logab x .
7 1 ....................................................................................................................................
A. P   B. P  
12 12 ....................................................................................................................................
12 ....................................................................................................................................
C. P  12. D. P  
7 ....................................................................................................................................
2 3
18. Cho loga x   1 và loga y  4. Tính P  loga (x y ).
A. P  3. B. P  10. ...............................................................................................................................
C. P   14. D. P  65. ...............................................................................................................................
4
19. Biết rằng a, b, c  1 thỏa mãn logab (bc )  2. Tính P  logc a  logc (ab).
b a
A. P  1. ...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
B. P  2.
...........................................................................................................................................................
C. P  3.
...........................................................................................................................................................
D. P  4. ...........................................................................................................................................................
20. Cho 0  a  1 và x, y   thõa loga 3  x , loga 2  y . Khi đó (x  y ) log 6 a bằng
A. (x  y )2 . B. 2(x  y). ...............................................................................................................................
C. x  y. D. 1. ...............................................................................................................................
21. Cho hai số thực dương a, b thỏa mãn a  b, a  1, loga b  2. Tính T  log 3
ba .
a
b
2 2 ...............................................................................................................................
A. T    B. T  
5 5 ...............................................................................................................................
2 2 ...............................................................................................................................
C. T   D. T   
3 3 ...............................................................................................................................
22. (GV) Cho a, b  0 thỏa mãn a 2  b 2  7ab. Khẳng định nào đúng ?
A. 2 log 2 (a  b )  log 2 a  log 2 b. .......................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................
a b
B. 2 log2  log2 a  log 2 b. .......................................................................................................................
3
.......................................................................................................................
a b
C. log 2  2(log 2 a  log 2 b ). .......................................................................................................................
3
.......................................................................................................................
a b
D. 4 log2  log 2 a  log2 b. .......................................................................................................................
6
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
23. Cho a, b  0 thỏa mãn a 2  b 2  14ab. Khẳng định nào đúng ?
.......................................................................................................................
a b ln a  ln b
A. ln   .......................................................................................................................
4 2
.......................................................................................................................
B. 2 log2 (a  b)  4  log2 a  log2 b. .......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
C. 2log4 (a  b)  4  log4 a  log4 b. .......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
a b
D. 2 log  log a  log b. .......................................................................................................................
4 .......................................................................................................................
24. (THPT QG 2017 – Câu 43) Cho a, b  0 thỏa a  b  8ab. Khẳng định nào đúng ?
2 2
1 .......................................................................................................................
A. log(a  b )  (log a  log b ).
2 .......................................................................................................................
B. log(a  b)  1  log a  logb. .......................................................................................................................
1  log a  log b .......................................................................................................................

C. log(a  b )   .......................................................................................................................
2
.......................................................................................................................
1
D. log(a  b )   log a  log b. .......................................................................................................................
2
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
25. Cho a, b  0 thỏa mãn a  b  2 ab . Khẳng định nào đúng ?
.......................................................................................................................
a b 1
A. ln  (ln a  ln b). .......................................................................................................................
2 4
.......................................................................................................................
1
B. ln( a  b )  (ln a  ln b ). .......................................................................................................................
4
.......................................................................................................................
1 .......................................................................................................................
C. ln a  ln b  (ln a  ln b ).
4 .......................................................................................................................
D. ln(a  b)  2ln(ab). .......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
26. Cho a, b  0 thỏa mãn a 2  9b 2  10ab. Khẳng định nào đúng ?
.......................................................................................................................
A. log(a  1)  logb  1. .......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
a  3b log a  log b .......................................................................................................................
B. log  
4 2 .......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
C. 3log(a  3b)  log a  logb. .......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
D. 2log(a  3b)  2 log a  log b. .......................................................................................................................
1  log 3 x  log3 y
27. (GV) Cho x, y  1 và 2x  3y  1 thỏa mãn x 2  6y 2  xy. Tính I  
log3 (2x  3y )
1 ...........................................................................................................................................................
A. M  
4 ...........................................................................................................................................................
B. M  1. ...........................................................................................................................................................
1
C. M   ...........................................................................................................................................................
2
...........................................................................................................................................................
D. M  2.
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
1  log12 x  log12 y
28. (THPTQG 2017 Câu 37) Cho x, y  1 thỏa x 2  9y 2  6xy. Tìm I 
2 log12 (x  3y )
1 ...........................................................................................................................................................
A. I  
4 ...........................................................................................................................................................
B. I  1. ...........................................................................................................................................................
1
C. I   ...........................................................................................................................................................
2
...........................................................................................................................................................
1
D. I   ...........................................................................................................................................................
3
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
29. Cho a, b  0 thỏa mãn log8 a  log4 b  5 và log4 a  log8 b  7. Giá trị a .b bằng
2 2
9
A. 2 . ...........................................................................................................................................................
B. 8. ...........................................................................................................................................................
18
C. 2 . ...........................................................................................................................................................
D. 2. ...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
30. Cho a, b  0 thỏa mãn log4 a  log9 b  5 và log4 a  log9 b  4. Giá trị a .b bằng
2 2
A. 48. ...........................................................................................................................................................
B. 256. ...........................................................................................................................................................
C. 144. ...........................................................................................................................................................
D. 324. ...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
a
31. (GV) Cho a, b  0 thỏa mãn log 4 a  log 6 b  log 9 (a  b ). Giá trị của bằng
b
1 ...........................................................................................................................................................
A. 
2 ...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
1  5
B.  ...........................................................................................................................................................
2
...........................................................................................................................................................
1  5 ...........................................................................................................................................................
C. 
2 ...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
1 5
D.  ...........................................................................................................................................................
2
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
32. Cho a, b  0 thỏa mãn log 9 a  log 12b  log 16 (a  b ). Mệnh đề nào đúng ?
a ...........................................................................................................................................................
A.  (2; 3).
b ...........................................................................................................................................................
a
B.  (3; 9). ...........................................................................................................................................................
b ...........................................................................................................................................................
a
C.  (0;2). ...........................................................................................................................................................
b
...........................................................................................................................................................
a
D.  (9;16). ...........................................................................................................................................................
b
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
2a  b a
33. Cho a, b  0 thỏa mãn log16 a  log20 b  log 25  Tính tỉ số T  
3 b
5 ...........................................................................................................................................................
A. T  
4 ...........................................................................................................................................................
2
B. T   ...........................................................................................................................................................
3 ...........................................................................................................................................................
3
C. T   ...........................................................................................................................................................
2
...........................................................................................................................................................
4
D. T   ...........................................................................................................................................................
5
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
y
34. Cho x, y  0 thỏa mãn log 10
x  log 15
y  log5 (x  y). Tính tỉ số 
x
y 3 ...........................................................................................................................................................
A.  
x 2 ...........................................................................................................................................................
y 1
B.   ...........................................................................................................................................................
x 3 ...........................................................................................................................................................
y 1
C.   ...........................................................................................................................................................
x 2
...........................................................................................................................................................
y 2
D.   ...........................................................................................................................................................
x 3
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
35. Với x, y, z   thỏa mãn x log 2016 2  y log 2016 3  z log 2016 7  1. Giá trị x  y  z bằng
A. 2017. ...........................................................................................................................................................
B. 10. ...........................................................................................................................................................
C. 2016. ...........................................................................................................................................................
D. 8. ...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
36. Tính P  log(tan1)  log(tan2)  log(tan 3)   log(tan 89).
A. P  0. ...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
B. P  2.
...........................................................................................................................................................
1
C. P   ...........................................................................................................................................................
2
Công thức lượng giác cần nhớ: tan . tan(90  )  tan .cot   1.
D. P  1.
1 1 1
37. Cho n  1 là số nguyên dương. Tính P     
log2 n ! log 3 n ! logn n !
A. P  0. .................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
B. P  n.
.................................................................................................................................................................
C. P  n !.
.................................................................................................................................................................
D. P  1.
Công thức giai thừa cần nhớ: n !  n.(n  1).(n  2)....3.2.1 .
1 1 1 1
38. Cho x  2018 !. Giá trị A      bằng
log22018 x log32018 x log20172018 x log20182018 x
1 .................................................................................................................................................................
A. 
2017 .................................................................................................................................................................
B. 2018. .................................................................................................................................................................
1 .................................................................................................................................................................
C. 
2018 .................................................................................................................................................................
D. 2019. .................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
39. Cho 0  a  1. Tính P  loga 2018  log a 2018  log 3 a 2018   log2018 a 2018.
A. 1009.2019. loga 2018. ....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................
B. 2018.2019. loga 2018.
....................................................................................................................................
C. 2018. log a 2018. ....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
D. 2019. log a 2018.
....................................................................................................................................
40. Cho log 3  a. Tính log 9000 theo a .

A. log 9000  a 2  3. B. log9000  3  2a. ................................................................................................
................................................................................................
C. log 9000  3a 2 . D. log 9000  a 2 .
41. Đặt log 5 20  a , biểu diễn log 2 5 theo a .
2 2 ................................................................................................
A. log2 5   B. log2 5  
a 1 a 1 ................................................................................................
a 1 ................................................................................................
C. log2 5   D. log 2 5  2(a  1).
2 ................................................................................................
42. Đặt a  log 3 15, b  log 3 10. Hãy biểu diễn log 3 50 theo a và b.
A. log 3
50  3(a  b  1). ....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
B. log 3
50  a  b  1. ....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
C. log 3
50  2(a  b  1).
....................................................................................................................................
D. log 3
50  4(a  b  1). ....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
121
43. Đặt a  log 7 11, b  log 2 7. Hãy biểu diễn biểu thức log 3 theo a và b .
7
8
121 9 ....................................................................................................................................
A. log 3  6a  
7
8 b ....................................................................................................................................
121 2 9
B. log 3  a   ....................................................................................................................................
7
8 3 b ....................................................................................................................................
121 1 3
C. log 3    ....................................................................................................................................
7
8 3a b
....................................................................................................................................
121
D. log 3  12a  9b. ....................................................................................................................................
7
8
44. Cho a  log2 3, b  log2 5 . Tính theo a, b biểu thức P  log 2 30.
A. P  1  ab. ....................................................................................................................................
B. P  a  b. ....................................................................................................................................
C. P  1  a  b. ....................................................................................................................................
D. P  ab. ....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
log2 5 log4 6 log7 3
45. Cho a, b, c  0 thỏa mãn a  4, b  16, c  49. Tính giá trị của biểu thức
log22 5 log24 6 log27 3
T a b  3c .
A. T  126. ....................................................................................................................................................
B. T  5  2 3. ....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
C. T  88.
....................................................................................................................................................
D. T  3  2 3.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
46. (GV) Cho hàm số f (x )  a ln(x  x 2  1)  b sin x  6 với a, b  . Biết f (log(log e))  2. Giá
trị của f (log(ln10)) bằng
....................................................................................................................................................
A. 10. ....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
B. 2.
....................................................................................................................................................
C. 4. ....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
D. 8.
....................................................................................................................................................

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Điện thoại ghi danh: 0938.388.

397 – thầy Hiếu Nguyễn Chuyên đề: Mũ - logarit

C hương II. HÀM SỐ LŨY THỪA

Bài 1. Công thức mũ - logarit

Cho a , b là các số thực dương và x , y là những số thực tùy ý , đồng thời n  2; n   

BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG

2.23. Giá trị của biểu thức P  (9  4 5)2017 (9  4 5)2016 bằng

2.24. Giá trị của biểu thức P  (5  2 6)2017 (5  2 6)2016 bằng

2.25. Giá trị của biểu thức P  (1  3)2016 (3  3)2016 bằng

2.26. Giá trị của biểu thức P  ( 6  2)2016 ( 6  3 2)2016 bằng

1008 1008 ......................................................................................................................

9x 1 2 8 9

A. T  2016. B. T  2017. ..............................................................................................................................

Daïng toaùn 2: Coâng thöùc loâgarit vaø caùc bieán ñoåi

NHÓM BÀI TẬP LÀM QUEN NHAU

a) 2x1  5  .......................................................... a) log2 (x  1)  3  ..............................................

2. Nhóm công thức biến đổi

2) Thu gọn B  log3 (2x )  log3 (8x )  ............................................................................................................

3) Thu gọn C  log(6a )  log(4a )  ...............................................................................................................

4) Thu gọn D  ln(5b)  ln(2b)  ...................................................................................................................

5) (GV) Cho log2 a  m . Tính log2 (2a ) theo m ...........................................................................................

7) (GV) Cho log2 a  m . Tính log 2 (2a ) theo m ..........................................................................................

8) Cho log3 x  m . Tính log 3 (27x ) theo m ..................................................................................................

9) (GV) Cho log2 a  m . Tính log2 (8a 2 ) theo m .........................................................................................

10) Cho log3 a  m . Tính log 3 (27a 3 ) theo m .................................................................................................

11) Cho log5 a  m . Tính log5 (125a 5 ) theo m ...............................................................................................

12) Cho log a  m, log b  n . Tính log(100a 2b 3 ) theo m, n ...........................................................................

13) Cho log3 a  m . Tính log 3 (9a 2 ) theo m ..................................................................................................

14) Cho log3 a  m, log3 b  n . Tính log 3 3 (27a 2b 3 ) theo m, n ......................................................................

15) (GV) Cho log3 a  m . Tính log a (9 a ) theo m ......................................................................................

16) Cho log5 a  m . Tính loga (125a 2b 3 ) theo m ............................................................................................

17) (GV) Cho log 3 x  2 log 3 a  log 1 b. Tính x theo a và b.

33) Cho log2 a  m , tính log2 2 (2a ) theo m .....................................................................................................

34) Cho log3 x  m , tính log2 3 (9x ) theo m ....................................................................................................

1 logc b logb c logb a

2016 log 2017

BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM

1. (THPT QG 2017 – Mã 101 câu 06) Cho 0  a  1. Tính I  log a a.

A. P  31. B. P  13. ....................................................................................................................................

A. 16. B. 12. ....................................................................................................................................

A. 30. B. 60. ..........................................................................................................................................

A. 9 loga b. B. 27 loga b . ....................................................................................................................................

C. 15 log a b . D. 6 loga b. ....................................................................................................................................

20. Cho 0  a  1 và x, y   thõa loga 3  x , loga 2  y . Khi đó (x  y ) log 6 a bằng

A. (x  y )2 . B. 2(x  y). ...............................................................................................................................

A. 2 log 2 (a  b )  log 2 a  log 2 b. .......................................................................................................................

23. Cho a, b  0 thỏa mãn a 2  b 2  14ab. Khẳng định nào đúng ?

1  log a  log b .......................................................................................................................

25. Cho a, b  0 thỏa mãn a  b  2 ab . Khẳng định nào đúng ?

26. Cho a, b  0 thỏa mãn a 2  9b 2  10ab. Khẳng định nào đúng ?

36. Tính P  log(tan1)  log(tan2)  log(tan 3)   log(tan 89).

A. 1009.2019. loga 2018. ....................................................................................................................................

40. Cho log 3  a. Tính log 9000 theo a .

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