25-Oct-18 SEMINAR 3 DEMING CYCLE DEMING CYCLE® [L.M.] ‘This method was designed by William Edwards Deming and it is known as PDCA eyele (Plan-Do-Cheek-Act) or Deming Circle. Spocnere rath ‘According to this method, in order to improve quality, the “Plan - Execute - Check - Act” circuit needs to be resumed permanentlyDEMING CYCLE °[L.M.] ‘The PDCA eycle represents the succession of quality improvement activities highlighting the fact that itis essential to understand and properly evaluate the consequences before aetion as shown in the figure below: DEMING CYCLE °[L.M.] al al aoe oo 25-Oct-18,25-Oct-18 DEMING CYCLE ° (1) [L.M.) Deming's cycle can be applied in any activities developed within an organization, following the next four phases [MANO9c| 4)Pla The given situation is analyzed, determining what the company wants to gain in perspective. Because meeting customer requirements is the central point, there are analyzed the differences between customer needs (obtained through market research) and the performance of products or services delivered (obtained as feedback information), At this stage, an improvement plan is established in order to set out the objectives, the changes and improvements needed to achieve these objectives, the responsibilities of the employees as well as the methods (indicators) that will be used to measure performance. DEMING CYCLE °[L.M.]. PHASES (2) 2.00: For test purposes, the improvement plan developed at the planning, phase is applied on a small scale, thus obtaining the first Information regarding the possible results and effects of this plan. 3. Cheek: Evaluate the effects of applying or testing the improvement plan by Identifying critical points. At the same time, consideration will be given to the extent to which the gap (difference) between ‘customer needs and the performance of products or services has been diminished by adopting the plan. The results of the verification will confirm or not if the improvement project is correct.DEMING CYCLE ° [L.M.]. PHASES (3) stage, the decision regarding the implementation of the plan is made; actions are taken to eliminate nonconformities or adapt to new requirements [POP13). Changes or improvements will be adopted or abandoned according to the results of the previous phase. If the improvements helped to fulfill the objectives proposed in phase |, then changes will be made, new standards will be developed or the existing ones will be modified BS: It is not excluded that all these may be further improved by a new plan, thus re-starting the POCA cycle, which will always begin from a higher level than the previous cycle. Lets ete DEMING CYCLE [L.M.] Les Recap... € s € ACTPLAN % ea tes Noise gS CHECK DO £ 2 6 ee e s 2 25-Oct-18P.D.CA, Cycle Example. Creation of Google Search Engine"(2) 1. Plan: Planning of actions: - establishment of company's vision in perspective: entering a ‘new market niche; = identification of customer requirements: a search engine in the internet databases; = setting objectives: creation of a search engine intially called "Back Rub"; - establishing employee responsibilities; selection of the appropriate technology that shall be used, etc. Establishment of indicators that measure performance: = number of users; = searching time; - databases used. P.D.CA, Cycle Example. Creation of Google Search Engine (3) 2. Do: ‘© Application of the plan into small-scal - Alpha testing without public; i pais ting wan GbE Goagle 3. Check: © Use of search engine by the public has made possible the collection of information about the needs and expectations of users with a view upon their satisfaction; ocr I point ~ Blocking of search engine, relevant results on the first page, ete, = Show Are there deviations from indicators? 25-Oct-18P.D.CA. Cycle Example. Creation of Google Search Engine “(4) 4. Act (1): © Analysis of deviations {interpretation of indicators): - Analyse of deviations allowed the entrepreneurs to improve the way the search engine worked (the search engine had to be faster, not block, search in multiple databases, etc.) © Identification of causes: ‘The main cause of the deviations were the software itself and the infrastructure used, therefore they were improved. Go gle PID.GA. Cycle Example. Creation of Google Search Engine (4) 4. Act (2): o> © Establishment of corrections: \ - Introducement of a new function Block Tool that allows to block and not display sites that the user considers unnecessary or potentially harmful in terms of their content; ~ Creation of Google Instant based on a search improvement, the results being displayed while the user enters the text; each search hhas become faster within 2 to 5 seconds; + Introducement of the "Stay in the Loop" function, which notifies you when someone mention your name on any web page, ete. Analyzing deviations and deficiencies reported by public users, Google's creators improved its way of operation thus refining the search engine. ‘The P.D.CA cycle was resumed multiple times by performing multiple tests. = 25-Oct-18CICLULLUI DEMING [L.M.] Portofolio work: On the basis of the lectures presented, develope an example of the P.D.C.A. cycle. Possible themes: improvement of a product/service/activity which is not working "| well, etc. 25-Oct-18