Independent University, Bangladesh

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Obtained Marks:

Course ID : ETE 322L / ETE312L

Course Section : 01

Experiment No : 05

Experiment Name : Study of pulse code Modulation (PCM) and demodulation

Date of Experiment : November 10, 2021

Date of Submission : November 18, 2021

Semester : Autumn 2021

Name of Lecturer : Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

Details of the Author

Student’s Name : MD AKIF RAHMAN

Student ID : 1711396
Telecommunication Systems-I Lab (ECR301L / ETE312L / ETE322L) Department of EEE
Course Instructor: Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

Theory & Procedure:

Pulse modulation: A form of modulation in which a pulse train is used as the carrier. Information is
conveyed by modulating some parameter of the pulses with a set of discrete instantaneous samples of the
messages signal. The minimum sampling frequency is the minimum frequency at which the modulating
waveform can be sampled to provide the set of discrete values without a significant loss of information.

PCM: In pulse code modulation (PCM) only certain discrete values are allowed for the modulating signals.
The modulating signal sampled, as in other forms of pulse modulation. But any sample falling within a
specified range of values is assigned a discrete value. Each value is assigned a pattern of pulses and the
signal transmitted by means of this code. The electronic circuit that produces the coded pulse train from the
modulating waveform is termed a coder or encoder. A suitable decoder must be used at the receiver in order
to extract the original information from the transmitted pulse train.

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Telecommunication Systems-I Lab (ECR301L / ETE312L / ETE322L) Department of EEE
Course Instructor: Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

Data and Calculation:

❖ For Demodulation:
Parameter of signal Amplitude Frequency

Message Signal 4.4v 843.5Hz

Demodulated Signal 4.4v 843.5Hz

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Telecommunication Systems-I Lab (ECR301L / ETE312L / ETE322L) Department of EEE
Course Instructor: Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

Graphs:

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Telecommunication Systems-I Lab (ECR301L / ETE312L / ETE322L) Department of EEE
Course Instructor: Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

Results & Graph Analysis:

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Telecommunication Systems-I Lab (ECR301L / ETE312L / ETE322L) Department of EEE
Course Instructor: Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

Conclusion:

Question Answers:

1) What is quantization?
ANS: Quantization is the process of constraining an input from a continuous or otherwise large set of
values (such as the real numbers) to a discrete set (such as the integers).

2) What’s the name for the difference between a sampled voltage and its closest quantization level?
ANS: The difference between an input value and its quantized value (such as round-off error) is referred to
as quantization error.

3) Quantization error can be reduced by using greater number of quantization levels. True or false?
ANS: False. Quantization error can be reduced by using low-sensitivity low-noise digital-filter structures and
also by optimizing the amplitude response over a discrete-parameter space

4) What must be done to the PCM decoder module’s output o reconstruct the message properly?
ANS: The signal must pass through a low-pass filter.

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Telecommunication Systems-I Lab (ECR301L / ETE312L / ETE322L) Department of EEE
Course Instructor: Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

References:

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