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/+. Pejkloeo
/+/ Qn]^]fk u _]hkn
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pani k`ej|i e_]
0,2 Cqj_ekjao `a aop]`k
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kbi`^mÇqril^kqboflobpq^_ib`fjlpnrbi^j^qbof^pb`ljmloq^ab^`rboal`lk`fbo+
/+3 @]i ^eko `a h]o
bqj_ekjao `a aop]`k
/+4 @kabe_eajpao `a
9 q^pobdi^pabkljfk^a^pb`r^`flkbpabbpq^al,?elo^mlabjlpfkf`f^obibpqraflab
i^pobdi^pnrbdl_fbok^kbi`ljmloq^jfbkqlabi^ ajancÄ]+?rknrbklps^iaobjlpmofk+
`fm^ijbkqbabilpd^pbp`ljlbgbjmilp*i^pfab^pabi^qbojlafkÄjf`^pb^mif`^k^`r^i+
&kqha*Qdki okj nrfbopfpqbj^*v^pb^pÑifal*iÇnrfal*d^pl`r^inrfbo`lj_fk^`fÑkabc^pbp,
/+5 J |o ok^na _]l]_e`]`ao J^qbojlafkÄjf`^pbabp^ooliiÑbkprj^vlom^oqbaro^kqbbipfdilTET)abpmrÅpabi^
p}ni e_]o ^`bmq^`fÑkabi^jlabok^qbloÇ^^qÑjf`^abB^iqlk*mbol^kqbpabnrbprodfbo^ki^pfab^p
/+6 @]i ^eko `a b]oa abi^jb`Äkf`^`rÄkqf`^ &il nrbfjmif`^nrbbirkfsbopl jf`olp`Ñmf`labilpÄqljlpv
bib`qolkbppbofdbmloobdi^pafpqfkq^p^^nrbii^p nrbdl_fbok^kbijrkalj^`olp`Ñmf`l
/+.- @]i ^eko mq~i e_ko
abi^p do^kabpj^p^p',Nloilq^kql*i^qbojlafkÄjf`^qfbkbnrbsbocfja^jbkq^ijbkqb
0,// @]i ^ek `a pai lan]pqn] `lkdo^kabp`lkgrkqlpabÄqljlpvjliÅ`ri^p,J^pibvbpabi^qbojlafkÄjf`^plkobdi^p
/+./ Oa]__ekjao ^ekmq~i e_]o i]_nko_Çle_]o+KÄp^aÅi^kqb*^_loa^objlpi^pobdi^p ie_nko_Çle_]o&bpab`fo*i^jb`Äkf`^
/+.0 Oaoqiaj `rÄkqf`^'*mbolmlo^elo^ob`loabjlpnrbi^qbojlafkÄjf`^bpqraf^pfpqbj^pnrbmlab+
jlpsbo*pbkqfo*mbp^ouj^kfmri^o`lkkrbpqo^pmolmf^pj^klp,

/+. Pejkloeo
Nofjbol*abcfkfobjlp qo^_^gl*`^ilovbkbodÇ^ fkqbok^, J^ mofjbo^ibvab i^qbojlaf+
kÄjf`^pb_^p^ bki^obi^`fÑknrbbufpqbbkqobbpq^pqobp `^kqfa^abp, J^bkbodÇ^fkqbo+
k^ `lkpqfqrvb rk bgbjmil ab rk^ crk`fÑk ab bpq^al9 bpq^ Öiqfj^ mlpbb `fboq^p
molmfba^abp nrb* pbdÖk sbobjlp* i^ e^`bk Öqfi, R^j_fÅk bpqraf^objlp i^ bkq^imf^*
lqo^crk`fÑkab bpq^al* ^pÇ `ljlilp`^j _flpnrbbumbofjbkq^ki^pcrk`flkbpab bp+
q^al*vabp^oolii^objlp qÅ`kf`^p m^o^ `^i`ri^o `Ñj l `^j_f^ki^ bkbodÇ^ fkqbok^ vi^
bkq^imf^aro^kqbrkmol`bplcÇpf`llnrÇjf`l,?pfjfpjl*fkqolar`fobjlpbi`lk`bmql
ab `^m^`fa^abp qÅojf`^p v `lbcf`fbkqbp ab Hlrib+Relj plk* ilp `r^ibp pb obi^`flk^k
`lk ilp `^j_flp ab qbjmbo^qro^ bk ilp pfpqbj^p, Alk`irfobjlp bi `^mÇqril ob`lkl+
`fbkalilpiÇjfqbpabmobaf``fÑkabi^mofj bo^ibvabi^qbojlafkÄjf`^vbieb`el ab
nrb pb obnrfbobk lqo^p fab^pñ lqo^p ibvbp ab i^ qbojlafkÄjf`^ñ m^o^ `ljmobkabo
`Ñj li^bkbodÇ^fkqbo^`qÖ^`lki^j^qbof^,

/+/ Ro^_^glt _]hkn

Bbpabrkmrkqlabsfpq^cÇpf`l*pbiibs^^`^_l pn]^]fkpl_obrkl_gbql`r^kal Åpqbpb
abpmi^w^`fboq^afpq^k`f^o`ljl`lkpb`rbk`f^abi^^mS`^`fÑkabrk^crbow^IK^qb+
(*
 0,0 Ro^_^gl v `^ilo WP

Ljnd^dÅidid^d\d
=! %]&
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jrbsb* ^'W^nrbi^m^obakl pb jrbsb*kl pb ob^ifw^ kfkdÖk qo^_^gl* ^& Qb ob^ifw^rkqo^_^gl `lj l `lk+
pb`rbk`f^ab nrbi^crbow^^`qÖ^^ili^odlab`fboq^afpq^k`f^,

j Äqf`^j bkqbpbabcfkb`ljlbimolar`qlmrkqlabisb`qlocrbow^Dvbisb`qloafpq^k+
`f^p8

qo^_^gl ;  D äp ;  i\f ypy blpG )! (

Ckbpq^b`r^`fÑk*. bpbiÄkdril bkqobilpsb`qlobp,Ciqo^_^glbprk^`^kqfa^abp`^i^o*
kl rk^ `^kqfa^asb`qlof^i* mlonrb qfbkb j^dkfqra* mbol kl afob``fÑk, J^cfdro^ 0,/
jrbpqo^ ^ rk^ crbow^ nrb ^`qÖ^ pl_ob rk l_gbql, Ck i^ cfdro^ 0 ,i^ * bi l_gbql kl pb
jrbsb*^pÇ nrbi^`^kqfa^aab qo^_^gl bp `bol &^mbp^oab i^crbow^nrbpbbgbo`b',Ck
i^cfdro^ 0 , / _*rkl_gbqlpbjlsfÑ*^pÇ nrbpb ob^ifwÑ qo^_^gl,
J^prkfa^abpm^o^jbafobiqo^_^glplkhk o fkq hao)`lj lbkbi`^plabi^bkbodÇ^,Cp+
ql kl `^ob`b ab cffka^jbkql9 bi qo^_^gl bp rk^ cloj ^ ab qo^kpcbobk`f^ab bkbodÇ^, J^
bkbodÇ^pbabcfkb`ljli^`^m^`fa^aabob^ifw^oqo^_^gl*^pÇnrbqfbkbpbkqfalbieb`el
abnrbi^ bkbodÇ^vbiqo^_^glpbjfa^k`lki^pjfpj^prkfa^abp,
J^cloj ^ab qo^_^gljÄp`ljÖknrbbpqraf^i^qbojlafkÄjf`^_Äpf`^pbobcfbob^i
`^j _fl ab slirjbk ab rkpfpqbj^, Alkpfabobjlp i^ cfdro^ /+/]+ SkmfpqÑk pfk cof`+
`fÑk `ljmofjbrk^jrbpqo^ab d^pbk rkslirjbk fkf`f^i Tì,Cid^pabkqolabi^`Ä+
j ^o^q^j_fÅk qfbkbrk^mobpfÑkfkf`f^il[+?imofk`fmfl*ilnrbj^kqfbkbbimfpqÑkbk
rk^mlpf`fÑkcfg^bpi^mobpfÑkbuqbok^abilp^iobabalobp*
Qf bi mfpqÑk pb bibs^ &cfdro^ /+/^&) bi oeopai ] na]hev] pn]^]fkpl_obilp ^iobabalobp,
Cpqlpfdkfcf`^nrbbipfpqbj^lean` abkbodÇ^bkcloj ^abqo^_^gl,J^`^kqfa^afkcfkfqb+
pfj^iabqo^_^gl` s m q a bipfpqbj^ob^ifw^pl_obilp^iobabalobp`ljlobpriq^alabrk
`^j _flfkcfkfqbpfj^iabslirjbk `S)jfbkqo^pbipfpqbj^^`qÖ^bk`lkqo^abrk^mob+
pfÑkbuqbok^`lkpq^kqb pbabcfkb`ljl9

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om\]\ejlp``a`^oÇ\`g om\]\ejlp``a`^oÇ\i
ndno`h\ nj]m` gjn\gm`_`_jm`n gjn\gm`_`_jm`n nj]m`
%`gndno`h\kd`m_``i`mb~\& `gndno`h\%`gndno`h\
b\i\`i`mb~\&

@ 

Dfdro^ / +/ ]& SkmfpqÑkpfk cof``fÑk`lkrkd^pbk`boo^al `lkpqfqrvbrk bgbj milpbk`fiil abiqo^_^gl

n rb ob^ifw^k ilpd^pbp v^ pb^pl_ob pfpqbj^p l pl_obilp ^iobabalobp* ^& Ro^_^gl bcb`qr^al pl_ob ilp ^iob+
abalobp, `' Ro^_^gl bcb`qr^al pl_ob bi pfpqbj^, Ck  ^j _lp `^plp i^ abcfkf`fÑk j^qbjÄqf`^ ab qo^_^gl kl
`^j _f^,
/3 A ? N ú R S J M 0 Nofjbo^ ibv ab i^ qbojlafk~jf`^

Cipfdklkbd^qfslfkaf`^nrbbiqo^_^glbcb`qr^al`lkqof_rvb^ rk^ `eoi ejq_eÇjabi^

`^kqfa^aab bkbodÇ^abi pfpqbj^,% QfbimfpqÑk abp`fbkab &cfdro^0,0`'*bkqlk`bpilp^i+
obabalobp ob^ifw^k qo^_^gl ok^na ah oeopai ] ui^ `^kqfa^a ab bkbodÇ^bk bi pfpqbj^ ^r+
j bkq^, J^ `^kqfa^a fkcfkfqbpfj^iabqo^_^gl nrb pbbcb`qÖ^pl_obbipfpqbj^pb abcfkb
j baf^kqb i^ b`r^`fÑk 0,09 pfkbj_^odl*`lj l bi `^j _fl bk bislirjbk `S pb a^ bk
pbkqfallmrbpql*^elo^biqo^_^glqfbkbrks^ilomlpfqfsl,M_pbosbnrbkrbpqolcl`lab
^qbk`fÑk bp bi pfpqbj^, Ci qo^_^gl bpmlpfqfsl l kbd^qfsl `lk obpmb`ql ^i pfpqbj^* nrb
`lkpqfqrvbi^m^oqbabi rkfsbopl nrbklpfkqbobp^,
Qfprj^jlpqlalpilp`^j_flpfkcfkfqbpfj^ibp&fkcfkfqlp'nrb`lkqof_rvbk^i`^j_fl
dil_^i* l_qbkbjlpbiqlq^iabqo^_^glbcb`qr^al pl_ob l mlobipfpqbj^, Ck`Äi`ril pb
rqfifw^i^fkqbdo^im^o^prj^oilp`^j_flpfkcfkfqbpfj^ibp, Nloq^kql*i^`^kqfa^aqlq^i
abqo^_^gl t*nrbpbSbs^^`^_lbkrk`^j_fl`lj lbinrbobmobpbkq^i^cfdro^ 0 ,0 *bp

&0,1'

Cieb`el ab nrb bpq^fkqbdo^imrba^pfjmifcf`^opb l kl abmbkaboÄabi^p`lkaf`flkbp

abi mol`bpl, Qf i^ mobpfÑk buqbok^ mboj^kb`b `lkpq^kqb `iro^kqb qlal bi mol`bpl* pb
mrbab p^`^oabi^fkqbdo^ivi^bumobpfÑkpb`lksfboqbbk8

;  *[ fl a] ` S : * l ) ô f ` S : ü Ty\%

Ckbpqb `^pl*ilpiÇjfqbpabi^fkqbdo^iplkbislirjbkfkf`f^i Dg vbislirjbkcfk^i Tc

abimol`bpl,Cpql pb obÉbg^bki^ Öiqfj^bumobpfÑk abi^b`r^`fÑk ^kqboflo, Qfbs^ir^+
j lpi^ fkqbdo^iabkqol abbpqlpiÇjfqbp*l_qbkbjlp8

t ;  + ? u q Ç T c +  v*'

T : ä?T, &0,2'

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lqo^ cloj ^abbs^ir^obiqo^_^gl bki^b`r^`fÑk 0,1,
Qfrqfifw^jlpi^^qjÑpcbo^`lj l rkfa^aabmobpfÑkvbiifqol `ljlrkfa^aabsl+
irj bk* l_qbkbjlpJ+^qj `ljl rkfa^aabqo^_^gl,|pq^kl bp rk^rkfa^a`ljÖk ab
qo^_^gl, J^rkfa^aQGm^o^biqo^_^glbpbiglrib*H,?elo^_fbk*ab^`rboal`lkilpaf+
sboplps^ilobpabO)ilp`r^ibppbfkaf`^olkbk bi `^mÇqril ^kqboflo*mlabjlpabjlp+
qo^o nrb / J ä^qj;  /.J10H, Cpqb c^`qlo ab `lksbopfÑk bp jrvÖqfim^o^bumobp^o bi
qo^_^gl bkprp `loob`q^prkfa^abp QG,Qfbislirjbk pbbumobp^o^ bkjbqolp`Ö_f`lpv
i^mobpfÑkbkm^p`^ibp* ilpglribppbl_qbkaoÇ^kafob`q^jbkqbbksfoqraab nrb

N ^ V j ö ;  + \ V j ö ;  L V j  ;  H

Bfailhk !
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alkab bislirjbk fkf`f^ibp 0,.. Jvi^mobpfÑkfkf`f^ibp ab 6,.. ^qj, Qrmlkd^jlp
nrbbi mfpqÑkpbbibs^&bpab`fo* nrbbipfpqbj^pbbum^kab' v^i`^kw^rkslirjbkcf+
k^iab 3,3.J*lmlkfÅkalpb^rk^mobpfÑkbuqbok^`lkpq^kqbab /,53^qj,Qrmlkd^+
jlp*^pfjfpjl*nrbi^qbjmbo^qro^bp`lkpq^kqbaro^kqbbimol`bpl,
^' A^i`ribbiqo^_^gl aro^kqbbimol`bpl,
_' A^i`ribi^mobpfÑk cfk^iabid^p,

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pb a bcfkb `l j l  cffbow^m l o rkfa^a ab Äob^* i^b `r ^ `fÑ k  0 , 0  mrbab obbp`of_ fopb ab i^pfdrfbkqbj ^ k b +
o^8 qo^ _ ^ gl  ; +\0\  V  slir j bk;  crbow^ V  afpq^k`f^* nrb bpi^ b `r ^ `fÑ k  0 ,/,
 0,0 Ro^_^gl v `^ilo 05

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^' Nofjbol pbobnrfbobbi`^j_fl bk bislirjbk* nrbabqbojfk^jlp abi^pfdrfbkqb
j^kbo^8

[ S : S by ü S [ :  3,3./ +  0,..J ;  1,3.J

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j lpi^b`r^`fÑk0,29

t;  ? v ;  + & / ,5 3 ^qj '&1,3.J' ;  + 4 ,/ 1 J+^qj

Qf nrbobjlp bumobp^o rk^ `^kqfa^a bk rkfa^abp QG abglribp* ab_bjlp bjmib^o bi
c^`qloab `lksbopfÑk^ab`r^al8

( 1 ) , .  F (Y le  Q  i iK ff 8  X X Ẁ Ŭ a  D
J+^qj

Cpab`fo* bipfpqbj^e^mboafal 40/ glribparo^kqbi^bum^kpfÑk,

_' Bb ^`rboal `lki^efmÑqbpfp ab nrb pb qo^q^ ab rk d^p fab^i* mlabjlp ^mif`^o i^
ibvab@lvibm^o^`^i`ri^oi^mobpfÑkcfk^iabid^p,?pÇ*

&0,..J '& 6 , . . ^qj' ;  &3,3. I&wlê&

l b :  0,7/ ^qj

J^ cfdro^ 0,1 firpqo^rk^molmfba^a nrb ^ sb`bp pb mobpbkq^ bk ilp d^pbp8 bi d^p pb
bum^kabvl`rm^rkbpm^`flnrblofdfk^ijbkqbpbbk`lkqo^_^s^`Çl,Ckbpqb`^pl*`l+
j l bid^p pbbum^kab`lkqo^ rk ab `bol*ab^`rboal `lk i^ abcfkf`fÑk ab qo^_^gl
m  !  M m M bki^b`r^`fÑk 0,2* biqo^_^gl nrbbcb`qÖ^ bi d^p bp fdr^i ^ `bol, Bf`elmol`bpl ob`f_b
@ a_ m j Y  - ) .  Mark d^ppbbum^kab u l`r+ biklj _obab atl]joeÇj he^na7
m^rkbpm^`fls^`Çlkl pbiibs^^`^_lk fk +
dÖkqo^_^gl, qo^_^gl; M &bum^kpfÑkif_ob' &0,3'

Bf_ilek /+/
?m^oqfoabi^p `lkaf`flkbpvabcfkf`flkbpabipfpqbj^* abqbojfkb pfbipfpqbj^bcb`+
qÖ^qo^_^gl*pf pbbcb`qÖ^qo^_^glpl_obbipfpqbj^l pfkl pbiibs^^ `^_l kfkdÖkqo^+
_^gl,
^' Sk dil_l pb bum^kab `lkclojb rk^ mfbw^ mbnrbÉ^ ab efbil pb`l &AM 0 pÑifal'
abkqolabidil_lpbpr_ifj^ &dil_l;pfpqbj^',
_'J^pmrboq^pabi`ljm^oqfjfbkqlab`^od^abi^k^sbbpm^`f^ipb^_obkvif_bo^krk
ml`l abi^^qjÑpcbo^obj^kbkqb &`lj m^oqfj fbkql ab`^od^ ; pfpqbj^',
`' CiAF DgA i*rk^jbw`i^obcofdbo^kqb*pb`lj mofj bbkbi`ljmobploabrkpfpqbj^
ab^fob^`lkaf`flk^alm^o^ qo^q^oabif`r^oil &A F DgA i ;pfpqbj^',
a' Qbabp`^od^rk^i^q^ab mfkqro^bk^bolpli &i^q^; pfpqbj^',
b' J^j fpj^pfqr^`fÑknrbbifk`fpl `&)mbol`lkpfabobnrbbi^bolplibpbipfpqbj^,

Qlir`fÉk
^' Cksfoqraab nrb bidil_l ^rjbkq^prslirjbk*pfk ara^bcb`qÖ^qo^_^gl8 bi pfp+
qbj^ob^ifw^biqo^_^gl,
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qj]bum^kpfÑk obi^qfs^jbkqbif_ob,Nloq^kql* j k o a iibs^^`^_lkfkdÖk qo^_^gl,
`' Ar^kal bi AF DgAi pb `ljmofjb* pr slirjbk afpjfkrvb9 ^pÇ* pb bcb`qÖ^ qo^_^gl
pl_obbipfpqbj^,
06 A ? N ú R S J M 0 Nofj bo^ ibv ab i^ qbojlafk~jf`^

a'*b' Ar^kalrk^i^q^abmfkqro^bk^bolplipbabp`^od^*kloj^ijbkqbklj lafcf+

`^prslirjbk,Nloq^kql*pfpbabcfkb^i^i^q^`lj lbipfpqbj^*i^`^kqfa^aabqo^_^+
gl nrb ob^ifw^ bp `bol, Qfk bj_^odl*bi ^bolpliob^ifw^qo^_^gl `lkclojb pb bum^kab
`lkqo^i^^qjÑpcbo^,Cpqbifiqfjlbgbj miljrbpqo^i^fjmloq^k`f^ababcfkfobipfpqb+
j^q^kbpmb`Çcf`^jbkqb`ljl pb^mlpf_ib,

Qfcrbo^mlpf_ib*mlaoÇ^jlps^of^obislirjbk abid^pabkqolabi^`Äj^o^abimfp+
qÑkbkm^plp fkcfkfqbpfj^ibp*mbojfqfbkalnrbbipfpqbj^ob^``flkb^`^a^`^j _flfk +
cfkfqbpfj^i^kqbpabiibs^o^`^_l bipfdrfbkqb`^j_fl,Ck`^a^m^pl*bipfpqbj^iibd^^i
bnrfif_ofl `lkprp^iobabalobpabq^ij^kbo^nrbqlalbimol`bpl `lkpqfqrvbrkbpq^+
al ab bnrfif_ofl `lkqfkrl, &Ck ob^ifa^a* bpl obnrbofoÇ^ rk^ fkcfkfa^a ab m^plp m^o^
rk^s^of^`fÑkcfkfq^abslirjbk,Jlp`^j_flpprcf`fbkqbjbkqbibkqlp`lkpqfqrvbkrk^
_rbk^^molufj^`fÑk,' Bf`elmol`bplpbabkljfk^ naranoe^ha+Jlpmol`bplpnrbklpb
iibs^k^`^_labbpq^j^kbo^&lnrbklpb^molufj^kabbpq^cloj^' ob`f_bkbikl j +
_obab ennaranoe^hao+Kr`e^pfab^pqbojlafkÄjf`^ppb_^p^kbkpfpqbj^pnrbm^p^kmlo
mol`bplpobsbopf_ibp, J^ps^of^`flkbp ab slirjbkklplkilp Ökf`lpmol`bplpobsbopf+
_ibp,J^ps^of^`flkbpqÅojf`^p*jb`Äkf`^p&bpab`fo*biabpmi^w^jfbkqlabrk^mfbw^ab
j^qbof^'vlqolqfml abs^of^`flkbpmrbabk`lkpfabo^opbobsbopf_ibp lfoobsbopf_ibp,
Jlp pfpqbj^p d^pblplp `lkpqfqrvbk bgbjmilp Öqfibpm^o^ i^qbojlafkÄjf`^*v^ nrb
mlabjlp bjmib^os^of^pibvbp abilp d^pbp m^o^`^i`ri^obiqo^_^gl abi^mobpfÑkvbi
slirjbk `r^kal rk pfpqbj^ j lafcf`^prslirjbk, Cpqlpr`babbpmb`f^ijbkqb^pÇbk
ilp`^j_flpobsbopf_ibp*mrbpqlnrbi^j^vlom^oqbabÅpqlpl`roobk^imboj fqfonrbi^
mobpfÑkbuqbok^bfkqbok^pbfdr^ib8

la];Meppp rk`^j _flobsbopf_ib

Ck pbdrfa^ pbmrbab iibs^o,^ `^_l i^ pfdrfbkqb prpqfqr`fÑk bk bi `^pl abilp `^j_flp
obsbopf_ibp8

t ús ;  ó H É k q a v  &0,4'
?elo^ mlabjlp abqbojfk^o bi qo^_^gl ab rk mol`bpl bk qÅojfklp abi^ mobpfÑk fk+
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