18 2726 ( Part 10): 1991 (Reaffirmed 1995) wed aT aat geet cafeat wit 10 aaftas aeiter eraed ara wo ( aaa qrdtert ) Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART 10 DETERMINATION OF UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ( Second Revision ) ‘Fast Repriat MAY 1992 UDC 624.131.439.4 @ BIS 1991 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG. NEW DELHI 110002 January 1991 Price Group 2Baits and Sod) Engineering Sectinnal Committee, CED 23 FOREWORD ‘This Indian Seandard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after che draft finalized by Soits and Soil Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. ‘Wish « view to entablish uniform procedure far determination of diferent charscterintict of soils, Tadian Standard methodr of test for sails ( 18 2720 ) covering each proprrty in separate parts have been ee Thi Part deal wah metbod for devermicution of unconfined compressive sorengtb of solu. For the determination of shearing strength a specimen may ar may not be subjected to a lateral prenure during he tex. When itt aot the tris known ts unconlined comprenion tet. ‘The purpose of this tat into obtain a quantitative value of compressive and shearing wrcngth of soils in an undrained state. ‘This mandard was fier published in 1964 and revised in 1973. [0 this second revision, the major modi- Gcations made are: a} More details far the apparatus used for the test incorporated, bb) The method of peeparation of specimen elaborated, €) rocedure based an the experience guid in the ote ofthis text io the patt 15 years slaborted, 4d) Various formulae and vides expressed in ST units,18.2720 ( Part 10 ) 11991 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART 10 DETERMINATION OF UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ( Second Revision ) 1 SCOPE A. This Standard ( Part 10) describes the ‘method for determaining the unconfined compres: sive strength of clayey soil, undisturbed, remoul- ded or compacted, using controlled rate of strain. 2.1 The following Indian Standards are the neces- ary adjunets to this standard, ISN. Tite 2132 1986 Code of practice for thin- walled cube sampling of soils ( second recsion ) 2720 (Part 2) : 1973 Methods of test for soils: Part 2 Determination of wate content (won ison 3 TERMINOLOGY 3.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following. definitions shall apply. 3.1 Unconfined Compressive Strength, go Icis the load per unit area at which an uncon- fined cylindrical specimen of soil will fail in the axial compression test, 4 APPARATUS 4.1 Compression Device ‘The compresion device may be any of the follow- ing types: 4) Platiom weighing scale equipped with a feremack atvated yokes TM b) Hydraulic loading device; ) Screw jack with a proving ring; and 4) Any other loading device. All these loading devices shall have sufficient capacity and strain control, 4.2 Proving Ring ‘The selection of the proving ring shall depend on the following: : For relatively weak soil with gy less than 100 KPa (1 kgf/em# ) load shall be measurable to eGo mero ga Than ta oe oe scaretcae Be CN nrmenre mre 4.3 Deformation Dial Gauge Axial deformation of the sample shall be mestu- red with a dial gauge having a Jeast count of -01 mm and travel to permit not less than 20 percent axial strain. 4.4 Vernier Callipers Suitable to measure physical dimensions of the test specimen to the nearest O*1 mm. 45 Timer ‘Timing device to indicate the elapsed testing time to the nearest second may be used for establishing the rate of strain, ically controlled, with interior of non corroding material capable of maintaining the temperature at 110°C 5°C, 4.7 Weighing Balances Suitable for weighing soit ally, Specimens of lus than 100 g shall be welghed to the nearest 0-01 g whereas specimens of 100 g or lager shall be weighed to the nearest 0" g. 4.8 Miscellaneous Equipment Specimen trimming and carving tools, remoulding apparatus, water content cans, data sheets, ec, a8 required ‘5 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN ‘5.1 The type of soil specimen to be used for test shall depend on the purpose fdr which it is tested and may be compacted, remoulded or undisturbed. mens 95415 2720 ( Pare 10) + 1991 NOTE — However this test specima for ample containing appreciable quantity 0 is not mitable aod 5.2 Specimen Size The specimen for the test shall have a minimum diameter of $8 mm and the largest particle contai- ned within the test specimen shall be smaller than 1/8 of the specimen diameter. Ifafter completion Of test on undisturbed sample, it is found th larger particles than permitted for the particulas specimen size tested are present, it shall be noted in the report of test data under remarks, The height to diameter ratio shall be within 2 to 2°5. ‘Measurements of height and diameter shall be made with vernier callipers or any other suitable measuring device to the nearest 0"1 mm. 5.3 Undisturbed Specimens Undisturbed specimens shall be_prepated from large undisturbed. tamples or sampler seured in stecordance with 1S 2132 © 1968. 5.3.1 When samples are pushed from the drive sampling tube the etn device shall be capable Jecting the soil core ftom the sampling tu Sa the same direction of avel hich the tarople entered the tube and with ‘negligible disturbance of the sample. Conditions at the time ‘of removal of the sample may dictate the direction of removal, but the principal concern should be to Keep the degree of disturbance negligible. NOTES 1. Three specimens ob from woditurbed sil 5.3.2 The specimen shall be handled carefully to prevent disturbance, change in cross section, or os of water. If any type of disturbance is likely to be caused by the cjection device, the sample tube shall be split lengthwise or be cut off in ‘small sections to facilitate removal of the specimen without disturbance. If possible carved specimen should be prepared in a humid room to prevent, as far a8 pouible, change in water content of the 5.3.3 The specimen shall be of uniform circular ‘crost-section with ends perpendicular to the axis of the specimen. ‘5.34 Specimen of required size may be carved from large undisturbed specimens. When sample ‘condition permits use of a vertical lathe, which. will accommodate the total sample, the same may be used as an aid in carving the specimen to the required diameter. Tube specimens may be tested, jut trimming except for squaring of en 5.3.5 Where the prevention of the posible deve- lopment of appreciable capillary forces is required. ‘the specimens shall be sealed with rubber mem- branes, thin plastic coatings, of with coating of grease or sprayed. plastic immediately after Preparation and during the entire testing cycle 5.3.6 Representative sample cuttings taken from the tested specimen shall be used for the deter- mination of water content. 5.4 Remoulded Specimen The speciazen nay be prepared either {rom 2 failed undisturbed specinen or irom a disturbed soil sample. In the case of failed undisturbed specimen, the material shall be wrapped in a thin rubber membrane and thoroughly worked with the fingers to assure complete remoulding. Care shall be taken to avoid entrapped air, to obtain a uniform demsity, to remould to the sane void Fatio as that of the undisturbed specimen, and. to Preserve the natural water content of the soil 5.5 Compacted Specimen When compacting disturbed material, it shall be done using 2 mould of circular cross-section with dimensions corresponding to those given in 5.3. Gompacied specimen may be prepared at any predetermined water content and density, 5.5.1 After the specimen is formed, the ends shall be trimmed perpendicular to the long axis and removed from the mould. spe be used for the determination of water content afier the test. 6 PROCEDURE 61 The initial length, diameter and weight of the specimen shall Be meaured and the speciaen placed onthe Bottom sate ofthe loading’ deve he upper plate shall be adjusted to make contact with the specimen. 6.2 The deformation dial gauge shall be adjusted toa suitable reading, preferably in muluples of 100. Force shall be applied so as to produce axial strain at a rate of OS to 2 percent per minute causing failure with 5 to 10. "The force reading shall be taken at suitable intervals of the defor: mation dial reading. NOTE ~ Up 106% axial strain force, renlings mar be {ken ac an faterval of ‘the deformation dal ie interval mas oe 125 aaledrtia 6.3 The specimen shall be comprested ut.til failure surfaces have definitely developed, or 1.:e stressaatrain curve is well past fis peak, or until on axial strain of 20 percent is reached. 6.4 The failure pattern shall be sketched carefulte ‘ana shown on the data sheet or on. the sheetresenting the stresvstrain plot. ‘The angle be- Even the ale narlace and the henson ny ‘be meacured, if possible, and reported. 65 The water content of the specimen shall be determined in accordance with 18 2720 (Pare 2): 1973 using samples taken from the failure Zone of the specimen. 7 CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING 7.4 Stressstrain values shall be calculated as follows: a) The axial strain, ¢, shall be determined from the following relationship: ee Sk Tt where A L = the changein the specimen length swrsad Goa te aa dal a centor, and ‘La = the initial length of the specimen. b) The average crou-tectional area, 4, at & particular strain shall be determined from the following relationship: 4 4= where 4o = the initial average cross-sectional area of the specimen. 18 2720 ( Part 10): 1991 ©) Compressive stress, oo, shall be determined from the relationship: es GF where P = the compressive force, and A om average cross-sectional aera, 7.2 Values of stress cg and strain ¢ obtained fom 7.1 thal be plotted. The maximum stress from tis plot ve the value af the unconfined compressive strength qe. Io case no maximum ‘oceurs within 20 percent anial strain, the unconfi- ed comprenive strength sball be taken as the stress at 20 percent axial strain. 7.8 In the case of soils which behave as if the angle of shearing resistance ¢ = 0 (as in the cate ‘of saturated clays under undrained conditions ) the undrained shear strength or cohesion of the toil may be taken to be equal to half the uncon: fined compressive strength obtained from 7.2 @ REPORT 8.1 The observations of the test shall be suitably recorded giving details indicated in Annex A. A. recommended proforma for the record of observa~ ‘ions is given in Annex A. ANNEX A ( Clause 8.1) PRO FORMA FOR RECORD OF OBSERVATIONS OF UNCONFINED ‘COMPRESSION TEST Project Date: Tested by: ‘Ast Details of Soil Somples i) Location Boring No. Depth iv) Visual description of soit v) Date of sampling AL2 Details of apparatus used AB Details of load measuring device A-3.4 Calibration factor Act Details of the soil specimens: i) Undisturbed remoulded or compacted fi} Specific gravity of the soil1S 2720 ( Part 10) + 1991 Toitial diameter, De mm iv) Initial length, Zo mm ¥) Initial area, dy emt vi) Initial volume, Vo emt vii) Initial mass of the specimen 8 viii) Initial density glen? ix) Initial water content percent x) Initial degree of saturation xi) Where test has been performed a én situ density. and water content/maximum dry density ‘As5 Observations of compression test Rate of Strain: Deformation Axial defor- Axial Area” Proving Axial Comprenive Remark dial reading mation. — strain. = (em) rin force stress. (mm) © 4a do dil = N(kgh) KPa Tre reading (kgjem? ) ‘A.6 Sketch of failed specimen and description of failure: ‘Ac Water content of the specimen after test ( determined from water content samples taken from the failure zone of the specimen ) KPa KPa ‘A+B Unconfined compressive strength ( gu ) ‘A-9 Undrained shear strength ( if applicable ) A-10 Remarks NOTE Remarbesboud include obervationy with reference to 5:2 separding the maximum particle»Seandard Mark The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Barveu ¢f Indien Standards -A@, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the aarurance that they have been produced to" comply with the requirements of that under a well defined system of inspection, toning and. ‘quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the producer. Standard parked ‘are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to that standard at 8 farther safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the Standard Masi saay be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards,Berene of Indian Standards inmitution established under the Bareaw of Indian Sandards Ac, 1986 10 promote BIS ig = amory inuincion cotabihed inatioas naarking’ and salty terueice Somes ‘and attending to connected matters in the country. ‘Copyright ‘copyright of all its pablications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form Renee cee eee ce i as Enaines {0 copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publications, ‘BIS giving the {following reference: Doe : No, CED 23 ( 4449) Amendments Isewed Since Publication ‘Amend No. Date of Istue Test Affected _— eee See BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS ‘Headquarters : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telephones : 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksanstba (Common to all Offcer ) Regional Offices : Telephone Centra) : Manak Bhavan, 9 Babddur Shah Zafar Marg 311 01 31 NEW DELHI 110002 [33113 75 Easter + 1/14 C. 1. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Mar jiktola, ‘37 86 62 A SUT 00s inaiat Northern : SCO 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036 ‘53 38 43 Southern :C. 1. T, Campus, IV Gross Road, MADRAS 600113 235-02 16 ‘Western : Manakalays, E9 MI Mi Andheri ( East 6 32:92 95 Mscatalays, £9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) Pree SANE EA A, DRAG DATO PATNA, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. —” 7 ‘Reprogaphy Unit, BIS, New Delli, India