Unguided Media:

It is also referred to as Wireless or Unbounded transmission media. No physical medium is required for the transmis
sion of electromagnetic signals.
There are 3 types of Signals transmitted through unguided media:
(i) Radio waves –
These are easy to generate and can penetrate through buildings. The sending and receiving antennas need not be alig
ned. Frequency Range:3KHz – 1GHz. AM and FM radios and cordless phones use Radio waves for transmission.
ii) Microwaves –
It is a line of sight transmission i.e. the sending and receiving antennas need to be properly aligned with each other.
The distance covered by the signal is directly proportional to the height of the antenna. Frequency Range:1GHz – 30
0GHz. These are majorly used for mobile phone communication and television distribution.
(iii) Infrared –
Infrared waves are used for very short distance communication. They cannot penetrate through obstacles. This preve
nts interference between systems. Frequency Range:300GHz – 400THz. It is used in TV remotes, wireless mouse, k
eyboard, printer, etc.

Analog transmission is a transmission method of conveying information using a continuous signal which varies in a
mplitude, phase, or some other property in proportion to that information.
Analog to analog conversion can be done in three ways:
Amplitude Modulation-
In this modulation, the amplitude of the carrier signal is modified to reflect the analog data.
Frequency Modulation-
In this modulation technique, the frequency of the carrier signal is modified to reflect the change in the voltage level
s of the modulating signal (analog data).
Phase Modulation
In the modulati-on technique, the phase of carrier signal is modulated in order to reflect the change in voltage (ampli
tude) of analog data signal.