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Slow infussion KVO --- 10 gtts / min DO NOT IRRIGATE THE IV BECAUSE THIS
COULD PUSH CLOT
Place patient in high fowler’s position. To ease INTO THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION.
breathing.
Complications
Administer diuretic, bronchodilator as ordered.
5. AIR EMBOLISM
Complications
Air manages to get into the circulatory system
3. DRUG OVERLOAD... The patient receives an
excessive 5 ml of air or more causes air embolism
amount of fluid containing drugs. Signs:
ASSESSMENT
Dizziness
Chest, shoulder or back pain
Shock
hypotension
Fainting
Dyspnea
Intervention:
Complication
Slow infusion to KVO.
Assessment: air embolism
PURPOSES:
Cyanosis
1. To administer required blood component by the
Tachycardia patient
Prime IV Tubing before starting insfusion 2. Check for cross- matching and blood typibg. To
ensure
turn to left side in a trendelenburg position. To allow compatibility
air to rise
in the right side of the heart. This prevents pulmonary 3. Obtain and record baseline VS ... CPS
embolism.
4. Practce strict ASEPSIS.
Complication
5. At least 2 nurses to check the label of the blood .
6. NERVE DAMAGE
BT
May result from tying the arm too tightly to the splint 2 nurses to check the following
Instruct the patient to open and close hand several 5. Expiration date
times
6. Screening test ( VDRL for sexually tranamitted
NOTE: APPLY SPLINT WITH FINGERS FREE TO dissease; hepatitis,
MOVE malarial smear
DO NOT incorpprate medication into the blood Signs 1. Rapid onset of chills 2. High fever
transfusion.
3 Vomiting 4. Marked hypotension
DO NOT use the blood transfusion line fr IV push
medication BT complications
13. Administer 0.9% NaCl before , during or after 4. Circulatory Overload ... It is caused by
BT. NEVER adminster IV administration of
fluids with DEXTROSE . DEXTROSE can cauae blood volume at rate greater than the circulatory
hemolysis. system can
accommodate.
14. Administer BT for 4 hours ( whole blood, packed
RBC). For plasma, Signs 1. Rise in the venous pressure
platelets, cryoprecipitate, transfuse quickly ( 20
minutes) clotting factors can 2. Dyspnea
easily destroyed.
3. Crackles or rales
15. Observed for potential complications. Notify the
physician. 4. Cough
BT COMPLICATIONS 5. Elevated BP
4. Tachycardia 5. Flushing
6. Tachypnea 7. Hypotension
Can remain in place for up to 1 year with Significant weight loss within last 6 months
proper maintenance and without
complications > 15% loss of body weight
Therapy is expected to be short term (10-14 Beware in patient with ascites/ edema
days)
IBW
Parenteral nutrition may be administered via
peripheral access when: Physical Examination
Weight Complications
Abnormalities of serum electrolytes and minerals Adjust protein based on metabolic demand and organ
fu
should be corrected by modifying subsequent infu nction
sions or,
if correction is urgently required, by begin ning Monitor fluid/electrolyte/mineral status
appropriate
peripheral vein infusions. Provide standard vitamin and trace element preps
daily
Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are rare if solutio ns
are Stopping TPN
given correctly. E
Stop TPN when enteral feeding can restart
elevated BUN may reflect dehydration, which can be
corrected by giving free water as 5% dextrose via a Wean slowly to avoid hypoglycemia
peripheral vein.
Give IV Dextrose 10% solution at previous
Complications infusion rate for at least 4 to 6h
Volume overload (suggested by > 1 kg/day weight Alternatively, wean TPN while introducing enteral
gain) feeding and stop when enteral intak e meets TEE
Hepatic complications
liver dysfunction Cardiac decompensation and arrest
Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia 1.Check physician's order and check it against the
Interstitial fluid retention listed
ingredients
Unclamp the tubing
2.Wash hands
8.Regulate the flow to the desired rate
3.Identify the client, provide privacy and explain the
9. Do not use the single lumen central line to infuse
procedure blood or draw blood. If possible, avoid giving an IV
medication during a parenteral nutrition. Before
4.Check the solution adding
a piggy back medication to parenteral nutrition,
Remove the solution from the refrigerator at least 1 check
hour with the pharmacist to make sure it is compatible.
before using it Never add a medication to a parenteral nutrition
solution.
Observe the solution for cloudiness, turbidity,
particles or 10.Ensure client safety and comfort
crack in the container
11.Remove and dispose gloves wash hands
If the solution has brown layer, return it to the
pharmacy 12.Wash hands
because the lipid emulsion has separated from the
solution 13.Monitor and document client’s vital signs,
laboratory values (including electrolytes),
Procedure glucose levels daily weight, urine output and
catheter site
5.Assess the client
14.Document the type of solution used, time
Check potassium, phosphorous and glucose values and date the bag was hang, the client’s response
and the amount of solution added on the intake
Look for any sign of inflammation or swelling at the output sheet
infusion site
Metabolic Complications
Assess the client's frame of mind to erase any fear,
reassure that the procedure is not painful Fluid Load
If the tubing does not have the luer-lock connection, Catheter Related Problems
tape all the connections
Infection (catheter site)
Hang bag to an IV pole ( or thread through infusion
pump) redness