EPT PREPARATION PROGRAM STRUCTURE PUSAT BAHASA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI JAKARTA (For internal Usa Onty)EPT PREPARATION STRUCTURE PUSAT BANASA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI JAKARTA (For internal use only)EPT PREPARATION TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction : 10-point Grammatical Areas .... 1 Exercises 1-2 Grammatical Area 1 : Subject — Verb 4 Exercises 3-18 Grammatical Area 2 : Verb — Agreement, Tense, and Form ....... 22 Exercises 19-26 Grammatical Area 3 : Full Subordination .. 43 Exercises 27-42 Grammatical Area 4 : The Verbals 59 Exercises 43-55 Grammatical Area 5 : Pronoun—Form, Agreement, and Reference 71 Exercise 56-64 Grammatical Area 6 :Word-Form _... 80 Exercises 65-77 Grammatical Area 7 : Word-Order 96 Exercises 78-83 Grammatical Area 8 : Parallel Structure. 103 Exercises 84-91 Grammatical Area 9 : Unnecessary Repetition ... 41 Exercises 92-97 Grammatical Area 10 : Correct Usage... 116 Exercises 98-103EPT PREPARATION STRUCTURE In the following pages, we will examine ten elements is structure that are covered in the Structure Section of She eer “engian Proficiency Test). These ten elements are organized into a list of ten objectives, called the 10-Point Checklist of Grammatical Areas. You should study this checklist carefully. Each time you examine a Structure question, go through this lst systematically as you look for the best sentence completion or the error. 10-Point Checklist of Grammatical Areas 4, Make sure the sentence has a subject and verb (both present; neither repeated) , Example of error: The boys playing in the yard. Children they need love and protection. 2. Make sure that the verb is in agreement with the subject (agreement), in the correct verb-tense (tense), and in the correct verb-form (form). Example of error: The father with his two children are having dinner. Ihave had breakfast this moming. That student has living here for ten years. 3. Make sure that the subordination is full (having a subject and verb). Example of error: Because wanted fo leam fast, the girl studied all the time. 4. Make sure that the verbals (verbs used as adjectives) are correct. Example of error: This is a very interested book. 5. Make sure that the pronoun is in the correct form, in agreement with its antecedent, and has correct reference. Example of error: it was me who answered the telephone. Each of the students did their homework last night. His father died yesterday which made him very sad. 8. Make sure that each word has a correct form. Example of error: Those roses smell. real sweet. 7. Make sure that a correct word order is used. Example of error: The policeman asked the man what was he doing. 8. Make sure that the sentence has parallel structures. Example of error: He likes to swim, to play tennis, and riding horses.{ the sentence does not make unnecessary repetition. ‘He is a very fast, quick swimmer. that the sentence contains correct usage. 1 aoa ssted for learning Arabic. Example of error: She is interes ich sentence to a problem area from the 10-checklist points 9. Make sure that Example of error: Exercise 1: Match ea above. Write the appro} a. Johnny Carson b. That student is crea ©. The doctor has all ready left the hospital. d. After the sun has rose, the birds begin chirping. ‘e. Alcoholism sometimes results from an emotion problem. The players were chosen for their ability to make fast, quick moves. The crowd enjoyed the excited movie. fh. That man is enough strong to lift three hundred pounds. The swimming pool was closed because needed cleaning. j. Some animals protect themself with camouflage. priate number in the blanks. he hosts a famous late night talk show. tive, conscientious, and does everything carefully, LLL Exercise 2: EPT Practice: (Time 6 minutes) Choose the one word or phrase, A, B, C, or D, that best completes the sentence. Write your answer in the blank. 1. The salamander to the order of Candata. Ain - B-belongs C. which D. belonging 2. It is the metallurgist studies ways to work metals. A. when B. which C. and D. who 3. Although named until 1782, aluminum oma oal was used as early as A. it was not B.is C. it D. which was. 4. Scientists are studying laetrile to find out if cancer. A. can it cure B. can cure , C. it can cure ). curing Identify the one underlined wor ed word or phrase, A, B, C, or D, that should be Corrected or rewritten. Write your answer in the blank. “ee —— 5. Ride sharii haring has became More popular since gasoline prices have rise? c D_—_ 6. The elephant population it has declined rapidly because many of the A animals are killed each year, 5 c D _7. When parents allow bis children to spend many hours watching tv, B the children are not likely to be physically fit c D __'8. Families re are enough fortunate to own a historic home may be abie B c to get restoration funds from the government. D __—9. A good sentence in Enalish is one that is brief, short, and easy to A B Cc D understand, _— 10. The first things a new international student must do include renting an A B apartment, registering for classes, and to get to know the city. Cc DEPT PREPARATION STRUCTURE Grammatical Area 1: Subject and Verb ach sentence to a problem area from the 10-checklist on Exercise 3: Match e mber in the blank. page 1. Write the appropriate nu a. The rhino as well as other Indonesian animals face possible extinction. b. The students back to campus after the holiday. c. Some people claim that importing meat is better than domestic meat. d. Each of those cars had their tires slashed. ©. Teachers are likely to praise correct and accurate answers. f. Chairil Anwar was known primarily for a poet. = g. Mechanical engineering is an applied scientist. hi The director wil see you if will wait a few minutes. Never it has rained so much in Flores. |; Many people gave time, money, and their energy to the project. NOTE ON SENTENCES: Every sentence has at least ‘The subject is either a noun, pronoun, gerund, to-infinitive, WN ‘one subject and one verb. or noun clause. Noun (N) Your invitation Pronoun (Pro) It Gerund (G) Accepting your invitation | makes me happy To infinitive (Inf) To accept your invitation Noun Clause (NC) That you invited me Refer to Exercises: 4, 5, 6, 7 (A) NOUNS Noun is either count or non-count. Some determiners can be used only with count-nouns or non-count, or with either. Look at this table: Count nouns. Non-count nouns athe The _| some, any some, any this, that, these, those this, that all, none, one, two, three ... all, none another, other, each, every = enough, more, most enough, more, most many much a lot of, lots of, plenty of a lot of, lots of, plenty of ? vend number of a (large) amount of (a) few i (a) little fewer ... than; more ... than less ... than; more ... than 4 Re =3. Singular and plural forms of nouns: (a) Some count nouns form their plural in a regular way: by adding ‘“s' or -es' (b) Some count nouns forms their plural in an irregular ways. person people feet foot tooth teeth wolf wolves child children (c) Some nouns have the same plural and singular form: bison fish deer ‘salmon species ‘spacecraft corps series 4. Besides the subject, nouns are also used in the following positions in a sentence: (a) as object : | saw a teacher in the classroom. (b) as complement : My sister is a feacher. Besides a quantifier, a noun may also be preceded by an article. What is an article? The articles are words (called the determiners) that come before nouns and modify the nouns in a way that they either generalize or particularize the nouns. There are two kinds of articles : the indefinite article ‘a’ or ‘an’ which is generally used with a singular countable noun, and the definite article ‘the’ which may be used with a singular or plural noun. Refer to Exercises: 8, 9, 10, and 11 The indefinite article ‘a’ or ‘an’ is used: 1. to give the meaning of one, any (whatever) toa ‘singular countable noun. Tell me a story. (one and any/whatever story) I want to read a magazine. 2. when the singular form is used to make a general statement about all people or things of that type ‘An English student should spend many hours practicing, A man is stronger than a woman.3, with singular names of a profession, trade, or class. He is an engineer. His father is a clerk. He is a Javanese. peed, and ration bs ic of price, S| 4. in expressions of P! three times a day 40 kilometers an hour 5. in a lot of other fixed expressions/idioms which you may acquire as you encounter them in the course of your study. It's a pity. all of a sudden. It's a shame to have a headache. The definite article ‘the’ is used: when we believe that the hearer 4. when the noun is an identified one, that is, The noun is * knows which person, thing, or place the noun refers to. considered to be identified when : a) the noun has been mentioned before. He gave me a book. The book is about history. I met a girl yesterday. The girl was my friend's daughter. b) the noun is followed by a phrase describing the noun. The book on the dean's desk is mine. The man in the comer is my brother. ) the noun is understood from the situation or when it is the only thing in the place or area “Close the door,” said the teacher. (The students, of course, know which door is meant.) with names of some countries (the United States, the Netherlands, the Philippines, etc.), names of some rivers (the Thames, the Nile, the Mississippi, etc.), names of oceans (the Atlantic, the Pacific, etc.), names of musical instruments (the violin, the piano, etc.). ‘ N » }. with the superlative degree of adjectives or adverbs. 4. with names of canals, deserts, forests, is it i , plural islands, lakes, mountains (the Suez Canal, the Sahara, the Black Forest, the Hawaiian Islands). ‘ 5. before adjectives used as nouns. the deaf the rich the beautifulThe article is not used: 4. with an uncountable noun or a countable n Work is necessary. People all over the world want peace. Coffee comes from Brazil, Books are printed on paper = A book is printed on Men are stronger than women, ° oa }oun plural used in general sense. 2. with names of planets, and singular islands, lakes, mountains Mars Lake Toba Java Island Mount Semeru 3, with the following nouns: prison school college church bed home court jail sea Note: When an article is used with the above nouns, the reference is to the place. He was in prison for bribery. | went to the prison to visit him. Ahmad went to bed at 12 last night. He bought a new bed last week. EPT Samples: 1. Adesert receives less than twenty-five of rainfall every year. (A) centimeter (B) a centimeter (C) centimeters (D) of centimeters 2. at 212 degrees F. and freezes at 32 degrees F. (A) Waters boils (B) The water boils (C) Water boils (D) Waters boil 3. In 1950 it was naively predicted that eight or ten computer would be A B Cc sufficient to handle all of the scientific and business needs in the U.S. D 4, The religion attempts to clarify man's relationship with a superhuman power. A B D (8) PRONOUNS A pronoun is a word used instead of a noun. There are several types of Pronouns: personal, possessive, reflexive, relative, demonstrative, etc. These willnouns which is often used as a the pr : be practiced in Problefh B08 5 ee caled the dummy subject. subject is anticipatory Anticipatory ‘it is used ne her/climate, time, distance, etc. ide. I th. (weather) (1) when the subject comple er cutide. It's sumer RO TEN treThor ae today its past midnight; Its six 0 ‘clock. (time) te pare ten Kometers from here f0 Blok M. (distal wants to focus on the information at complement is the weall expressed by an (2) ‘when the speaker jective. an aot dificult to talk fo someone YOu don't like. also used when we want to emphasize the noun and its relative clause. (3) ‘It’ is al Tom who broke the window. Itwas: EPT Samples: . | 1. ‘not until the invention of the camera that artists correctly painted horses racing. (A) There was (B) Itwas (C) There (0) It 2. There is estimated that the Orion nebula contains enough matter to form B c A 10,000 stars. D Refer to Exercises: 15 and 16 (C) GERUND - INFINITIVE Gerund is a verb ending in -ing and functions as a n itive is =i joun. Infiniti ; Bie a of 2 verb preceded by ‘to’ sea gerund and infinitive can be used ag a . Gerund is used wil i i fi a ‘ by of pase afer a aie any article or with article ‘the’ 'eading technical materials requires knowl te ' ledge of i The reading of technical materials requires leowiedas Greece io S.. EPT Samples: : trees is comin a custom that many people engage in to celebrate special (A) The plant (8) Plant (C) Plantit (6) Planting (0) To plantingis not a new idea. (A) The planning of cities (B) Cities to plan them (C) Plan cities (0) To planning cities a seal const is easy with the aid of a number of word processing programs c for personal computers, D computer programming. 4, Writing of instructions for computers is called A B c D Rafer to Exercises: 17 (0) NOUN CLAUSE Anoun clause, like a noun, can be uséd in any noun position, in this case, asa ee of the sentence. For more information on clauses, see Problem Area 3. EPT Samples: 1. migrate long distances is well documented. (A) That it is birds (B) That birds (C) Birds that (0) Itis that birds 2. That itis the moon influences only one kind of tide is not generally known. A B Cove PRACTICE EXERCISES SUBJECT ~ VERB Exercise 4: Underline the complete subjects of the following sentences. . How wildlife has adapted to life along the road systems is the topic of the lecture. . To be among 200-foot-high towering rocks is an exhilarating experience. . Very early in the experiment, isolating the insects became necessary. |. What was decided during the meeting has been well documented. . Whispering in class not only prevents the whisperers from understanding the lesson, but also bothers those who are trying to hear the class lecture. 6. To create and produce new combinations of line and color takes a real flair. 7. What caused the most damage to Michelangelo's works in the Sistine Chapel was a glue-like substance spread over the frescoes early in the sixteenth century. eeproperty, and accumulating play money are what rd games. 8 of many boars hunted, fished, or trappeq 8. Rolling dice, buying pr be the attraction: 9. Bird, ee rats. reptiles, and fish that are not to need ore revervation programs in too many states rely on unstable Far too voluntary donations. " i lete verb in the independent clause. Eee are ae cmeatn te stage, oss each other into the alr, and rol on 2. ir neo ‘swells and stiff winds on the Indian Ocean caused problems for the inexperienced crew. . 3. The temperature dropped down to -30 degrees Fahrenheit, and a gale- force wind blew snow across the fields. 4. Itwould have been easier for the team to postpone the game than to continue in the rain. 5. Fingerprints might have proved that the suspect was at the scene of the crime. | . . Her father was a renowned historian, and her mother wrote children’s stories. 7. The robots grasp, fasten, and paint the parts that are too dangerous for humans to handle. 8. What can be done for the tefugees is being financed through government funds. 2 Exercise 6: All of the following statements need a subject. Choose the Correct subject from the four possible choices. 1. takes eight years after sowing. (A) The nutmeg yields fruit (B) That the nutmeg yields fruit (C) For the nutmeg to yield fruit (0) To the nutmeg's yielding fruit 2. has been used as a Perfume for centuric (A) To use lavender mes. (B) That the lavender (C) Lavender (D) For the lavender 3. Shortens and thickens th A) The teeth clenching ¢ Muscle on either side of the jaw. (B) Clenching the teeth (C) That clenching th (0) The teeth clenched ot 10= Even though 26 percent of Californi i . their homes, only do nol ope Carer eee eaieh a (A) that 6 percent of them (B) those of the 6 percent (C) to the 6 percent of them (D) 6 percent of them 5, ____ Started as a modem sport in India at the same time that it did in Europe. (A) To ski (B) That skiing (C) Ski (0) Skiing 6. was caused by a cow's kicking over a lantern has been told to American school children for several generations. (A) That the Great Chicago Fire (B) The Great Chicago Fire (C) To burn in the Great Chicago Fire (D) Buming in the Great Chicago Fire 7. are effective means of communication. (A) Theater, music, dance, folk tales, and puppetry (B) That theater, music, dance, folk tales, and puppetry (C) To use theater, music, dance, folk tales, and puppetry (D) Using theater, music, dance, folk tales, and puppetry 8 When China's dramatic economic reforms began to encourage private enterprise, began to set up a variety of businesses immediately. (A) that entrepreneurs (B) to be an entrepreneur (C) entrepreneur (D) entrepreneurs 9. are worthy of protection moved English Heritage historians into action against developers. (A) Some buildings in and around Fleet Street (B) That some buildings in and around Fleet Street (C) Some buildings that are jin and around Fleet Street (D) To build in and around Fleet Street 10. makes the mountain patrol team’s job interesting and fuffilling. A) Climbers and trekkers in distress are assisted (B) Assisting climbers and trekkers in distress (C) Assistance is given to climbers and trekkers that are in distress (D) Climbers and trekkers in distress15 are Incomplete sentences. Choose the one worg s the sentence. 7: Questions 1. lot ; tna phosphorescent in the dark surprises many people, i ipedes (A) That certain species of cen! ® Gertain species of centipedes (C) There are certain species of cantipades is certain species of centipedes 2 Dam the jeaves of the rare weeping tree even though the sky may be cloudless. - (A) Great drops of water dripping (B) Great drops of water drip (C) Water dripping in great drops. (D) That great drops of water are dripping with strong flippers, seals gracefully glide through the sea. (A) Paddle and steer (8) Its paddling and steering (C) That they paddle and steer () Paddling and steering 4. is a tiny sea animal that looks like a shrimp. (A) It is the krill (B) The krill (C) There is the krill (0) That the krill 5. , Which is a traditional Valencian dish, is i i saaieea lencian dish, is made of rice, chicken, and (A) Itis paella (B) Paella (C) Paella is (D) There is paella 6. from hi is i atack lorseback is a valid form of Pest control has come under (A) That the hunting of foxes (B) The hunting of foxes. (C) Itis the hunting of foxes (0) There is fox hunting ic by its previous o Th A wnel ii (A) Having cursed the te Say Why no one has searched for it, (B) The treasure has been cu fol " ieee ein of the treasure ure’s having been cu irsed —_8 that produced the famous Crab nebula, which is a favorite among astronomers. (A) That it was a supernova (8) It was a supernova (C) A supernova (0) There a supernova 9, ____ unnecessary red tape and promote research were the main ‘objectives of the committee. (A) To circumvent (B) That to circumvent (C) The circumvention of (D) Circumventing 10.____ mixed with a base such as egg yolk was the exclusive medium for painting panels in the Middle Ages. (A) Finely ground pigments (8) Itis a finely ground pigment (C)A finely ground pigment (0) That a finely ground pigment 11. toward animated cartoon with war-related topics has come under criticism from such groups as the National Coalition Against Television ‘Violence. (A) Itis the trend (8) Trends (C) That the trend (0) The trend 12. Today the single largest organized industry in India. (A) the cotton textile industry is (B) it is the cotton textile industry (C) the cotton textile industry (D) there is the cotton textile industry 13. of the “Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam” eared Edward Fitzgerald fame. (A) Itis translating (8) His transtation (C) Its being translated (D) In his translation 14.When we put on thick woolen clothing, in the woolen loops that protects us from the cold. (A) itis the air (C) the air (@) that the air (0) there is the air 7Btica takes special equipment, 15. in the frozen wastes of Antarc! (A) Survive (B) Itis survival (C) That survival (0) To survive NOUNS Exercise 8: Write ‘C’ if the underlined noun is a count noun, and ‘nN ititis non-count. | a 1. Rayon was mixed with cotton to strengthen the fabric. 2. ___ The glass in the window was cracked. 3, Forty children are in Bobby's class. 7 4, ~The news concerning the election was very positive. 5, ___ Thomas dropped a pin on the carpet. 6. —_ The knowledge gained from the experience was invaluable, 7. ___ There is a hair on your jacket. 8. ____ Linda likes exotic fruits. 9. ___ I studied mathematics with Professor Smith. 40.___ We caught three fish for dinner. Exercise 9: Write the correct form of the plural or singular word. Singular Plural 1. person 2. lives 3. series 4. teeth 5. children 6. man 7. sheep 8. leaf 9. mouse 10. goose Exercise 10: Some of the following sentences See Seen ing contain a noun error. Circle 2. 3. op . Ultrasound bounces sound wave off the internal structure of the body. Public lands in many parts of the West overgrazed aie ts wildlives compete for forage. ceca as cate indslide at a mining site ered i i Fielded 660 creme eat uncot a brownish yellow stone which . Lorenzo Luis, the first Filipino saints, u , the , was born about 1600 in Binondo. . America was discovered and inhabited thousands yee before the Europeans arrived, }. For two id's ‘or ; century, Madrid's Plaza Mayor has served as the city’s chief 4~ 8. 9. Putting radio collars on bears helps scientists to gather informations concerning the bears’ movements. Many of the old attitudes and values may be dis . ; families that supported them. 'y be disappearing, along with the One of the philosopher came to the meeting last evening. Exercise 11: Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be grammatically correct. 1, Apack of wolfs can encircle and kill a moose. A B c D The institute encouraged the participations of teachers by providing them A B c with travel expenses and lodging. D ‘The sale of pet turtles was banned because of the disease risk they posed A c B to young child D Three species of the fruit bat have been found to have a primatelike visual A c systems. D Many Chineses connect the word “happiness” with the symbols for white, A B c silk, and tree. D Special elastic ligament allow the whale’s jaws to accommodate its wide- A B angle bites. When the limestone just below the ground surface dissolves, the lands A B c collapses and forms ponds. D ‘Small Australian fishes called galaxiids feed on algae and mosses that grow A 8B in the warm waters. c D‘Aeronautical historian have concluded that the Frenchman Clement Ade, the ia 9. tained flight. made a shortlean but never a sus! i \d designer of sailplanes and 10. Dr, August Raspet was A researcher ant z inventors of the flying, Lbioyle. c ish rule, Finns introduced the log 411. As conscripted sraftaman under Swedi ‘ule th cabin to America. D 12. The jury took a long times to reach an agreement spe themselves. AD B Cc ARTICLES Exercise 12: If the underlined article is used incorrectly, cross it out and write the correct article. PNOnRONA Exercise 13: Correct any sentence that contains ane Phra: 3. 4. B Da . The Russia has a very diverse culture. . A university education was one of the requirements for the position. . The doctor refrained from giving him an advice. — . The island in the Pacific Ocean was used for the experiment. - Jackson Pollock's freer fechniq . The boy took his sister by the hang, - Countless tourists will be thronging to the Greek islands, . The tomato originated in Central America, . The steam engine was developed in an ighteenth centui A hour passed before the rescue ship arrived. Wordly vs se rror in the underlined a The brick house is the nicer of the two. Staff evaluation Procedures are completed at least twice the ar. iwice the _year. ree a first time ever, a corrupt Minister was Sent to pris — al iti in rk i atv women had more ©PPortunities to find the work than they had had . The general always listened ir ae {0 advice from his Since be inning of OF com, Staff. ——__ eras trad 20° f computer ec SSE nme Mes raised painting to new levels of the {mprovisation. 16yr 9, Every moming at 7, he goes to school by bus. 40.Elderly sometimes need special care. ercise 14: Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must bo fenged in order for the sentence to be grammatically correct. t ronressive for : time, Constantinople offered free medical services and care fora destitute. Cc D Conservationists hope that someday captive wildlife pooulaions will be reestablished in is wild. 3, Dogs that are trained to lead a blind must be loyal, intelligent, and calm. A 5 c D 4, Inevitably scholars disagree on an authenticity of many objects whose A B origins are unknown. D D 5, Oilstrikes on the North Slope in the Alaska provided the fuel to drive its A B Cc economic growth. D 6. Sitka was the capital of Russian America, and the town still holds a legacies B c A of its Russian founders. D 7. Barcelona was a stronghold of an anti-Franco Republican forces during the A B c Spanish civil war. D 8. _lronworking probably spread to a rest of Africa via the Meroitic civ A B c D 9. The number of battles were fought between the fleets of Nelson and A B c D Napoleon. WwWa _———— cealed underground will installations that they. have con . 10. A military i A only in an extreme emergency: S8ag0, “it” refers to ano! re for to another word in f° : If the und b Eee he ore it rofers to. If itt does not rol passage, underline its accompanying adjective. oe 1. The castle of Neuschwanstein is one of many stles in Bavaria, 7 timate castle for a private kingdom. u ters. It is now a tourist attraction, to be a British headquarters. | The gorilla is essentially a peaceful creature. It is true that the gorilla wi) fight, but only in life-threatening situations. be a way to predict future 4, Noticing strange animal behavior might earthquakes. It is believed that animals can sense environmental disturbances several days before the onset of a tremor. 5, A video firm is investing substantial sums in the filming of a classic Russian opera. It is hoped that this will help popularize opera. . Coronary heart disease is sometimes referred to as the twentieth-centu epidemic. It has been responsible for a third of all deaths among male: iv and a quarter of all deaths among females in the U.S. . 7. Some people think chiropractors are quacks. But it cannot be disputed that many have gained benefits from chiropractic treatment. “- 8. Stuttering is a communication disorder involving the rate and ‘speech. It may have psychological or environmental causes. poe Exercise 16: Circle letter Faereise 16: Circle the letter of the one word or phrase that best completes 1. Once a crocodile has seized an ani pee the water. an animal, drags the prey Dehtiath the (aya (8) itis (©) there tis 2 in the center of centri old Sanaa, , turies old, will Sanaa, many of the city's |, will collapse if restoration ig, tetany houses, some ten PN (A) There (C) There (i . 3. impnatys, peopl in most ies use Carry on trade i Money (a) inthe modern warts oesuse (C) there is bee oe s4, Inthe city center, i it he ity Noisy market stalls set in a maze of winding (A) it (B) itis (C) there (D) there are 5. In America, growing demand fc i (A) there oo food. (C)it (D) there 6. Our feeling for beauty is inspired by the harmoni and disorder as occurs in ania ee (A) itis (B) there (C) there is (Dit 7 nutrition and adult literacy classes for the program's workers. (A) There B igus a iad are 8, ___ two kinds of decorative art, (A) Itis (B) There are (C) There (D) It GERUND — INFINITIVE. Exercise 17: Circle the letter of the word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence. 1, The environmentalists hope the forests to its former condition. {A) to restore (8) restoring Some of the old members were persuaded on the club constitution. (A) to work (B) working 3. The lynx carefully avoided near the trap. (A) to.go (8) going You should postpone ____ the manager until we hear the outcome of tomorrow's meeting. = (A) to see (B) seeing 5, Inthe lecture, the professor mentioned __ to Africa to collect a rare species of butterfly. (A) to travel (8) travelinggreat stories despite being Pu managed 6. Alexander Pushkin mat sate tsar oo + surrounded by spies and censor m (B) writing (A) to write 7. leontemplated Austria for my vacation but decided against it (A) to visit (B) visiting 8. The delegates discussed the annual conference in New York City (A) to have (B) having Exercise 18: EPT Practice. (Time 6 minutes) Choose the one word or phrase, A, B, C, or D, that best completes the sentence. Write your answer in the blank. 1. Buckwheat flour___the seeds of the buckwheat plant. A. is made from B. from C. itis from D. and 2. The state of Ohio name from an Iroquoian word meaning “great river’. A. and its B. along with its C. it got its D. got its Identify the one underlined word or phrase, A, B, C, or D, that should be corrected or rewritten. Write your answer in the blank. 3. Boston, the hub of historic New England, it is the capital of A 8 Cc Massachusetts and the largest city in the area. D ___4. Mixed seeds, such as cracked com, peanuts, and sunflower seeds, is A B * c popular feed for winter birds. Do 5. Unlike most capital cities, Brasilia itwas constructed specifically B Cc fo house government offices. D in the laundry industry, 20 = 6. Borax, atenerally found in the desert, being useful as a water softener Cc D7, After roosting al day ina dark cave, a bat eaves is sheer and apands e c the night hunting for their food. D g, Modern buttons, unlike early ones, they are frequently mass-produced A B Cc \ and usually made of plastic. D The letter "B" probably it originated as a picture sign of a house. c D ie —_— A 40. The Dambovita River, a tributary of the Danube, it runs through A B c D Bucharest. 21ON EPT PREPARATI sTRUCTURE and form Grammatical Area 2: Verb agreement, tense, from the 10-point ence to a problem area chee, 49: Match each senter ee Fear et. Witte the appropriate number in the Professor Tadjuddin is extreme popular among his students. . The report was brief and concise The picture had fell behind the sofa. ; ; j ree apend their vacations either in Malaysia ar Thailand, Beside two houses in the city, he owns a farm in the country. Is in the Balim valley that the Dani tribe lives. . After finishing dinner, the telephone ring She had no idea whom had left her the note. They agreed tomorrow to make a decision. ; Antique furniture sells well even though is expensive. NOTE: Verbs are the most complex part of speech in English. They can take many different forms and function in many different ways. Problems that may occur with verbs are: . 1. Subject-verb agreement: Does each verb agree with singular verbs have singular subjects? Do plural. ver! subjects? Look at these examples: a. The feacher with her students are viewing a film. b. Itwas the neighbor's dogs that was barking last night. ©. Everyone but the janitor have left the building. its subject? Do bs have plural 2. Tense: Is the tense of the verb correct for the in sentence? Are there any time markers which Con tenses of all the verbs in the sentence fit logically “irons pees ‘ a. The doctor was out of town since last week, : b. John. Kennedy has been being dead since 1963, c. The man said that he will work late tonight. . tended Meaning of the 3. Form of irregular verbs: a. The program has already began. b. This is the first ti t me a player has, broke hi ©. The ship sunk ten miles from the cree em 22SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT Rules for subject-verb agreement: 4, When the following words are used as Subjects, they are always singular. everyone someone anyone —no one. each everybody somebody —anybod: i D 0 ly nobody _ either everything something anything nothing —_—neither N When each or every comes before singul jects join eee gular subjects joined by and, a Every man and woman is eligible to vote. Each student and teacher has a locker. 3. Words that come between the subject and its verb do not change the number of the subject. Prepositional phrases often have this position. together with The man in addition to his ten children is leaving soon. along with as well as 4. There, here, and where are never subjects. When a sentence begins with one of these words, the subject comes after the verb. There are no dogs in this neighborhood. Here are the results of the experiments. . Subjects joined by and or both ... and... take a plural verb (but see Rule 2 above) a Are \da and a blue Ford are parked outside. Both tigers and elephants are becoming extinct. Several, many, both, few are plural words and always take a plural verb. 2 Both are going to attend the University of Indonesia. Only a few have passed the exams. 7. Some nouns are always plural in form and always take plural verbs. Clothes __: trousers, pants, jeans, sunglasses Tools + scissors, pliers, tweezers Abstract : riches, thanks, means 23f them are followed by 4 singular verb when useq in of ome However eesuch as : pair of, a word of expressions suc! gee t pair of is dirty. i ill at the cleaners. Thal r UI are fh Ibjects are joined by the following structures, the verb must agree ‘When sul : with the closer subject. Neither the students nor the teacher is allowed to smoke. its have your books. it the teacher or the student y Qo Rat ooly the nurses but also the doctor is coming soon. r or plural depending on wnat they refer to: jority, most, half, etc. When t lese words are none a SO, el the number of the object of the lowed by a prepositional phrase, 1 Fveposton wll determine whether the words are singular or plural. 2 9, Many words may be singula All of the book has been destroyed. All of the books have been thrown away. All of the money is in the bank. 40. The expression a number ofis plural, and the expression the number of is singular. A number of students were missing from class. The number of Mexican students in class is small. 11. Expressions stating one amount of time, money, weight, volume, etc. are plural in form but take a singular verb. Two weeks is enough time for a nice vacation. Five thousand rupiahs is required as a down payment. Twenty liters of gasoline costs a lot of money. Ten extra kilos is a lot to lose in a week. 12.Some words are always plural in for i in rm , words require singular verbs, Pukelngulay In. mearing, Thee Academic subjects Diseases Abstract nouns + mathematics, physics, economics, etc. : measles, mumps, herpes, etc. +News, ethics, politics, etc, 24