SCRIPT

Good morning to one all present here. Respected, mam and my dear fellow friends. My name is Ankit
Kumar, along with my teammates Aayush Aanand, Kartikey Gupta, & Kumar Vinit.

We are hereby going to present you a presentation on one of the most enthralling topic i.e., use of
plastic in flexible pavement, yes you heard me correct we are taking a step closer towards saving our
planet earth.

So without wasting any further time lets begin with our presentation.

So in the first slide we have the contents written which me along with my teammates going to brief
you all in the forthcoming slides

Lets move on to the next slide

So, what is plastic what do we all understand by this term

In essence A material that contains one or more organic polymers of large molecular weight,
solid in its finished state and at some state while manufacturing or processing into finished
articles, can be shaped by its flow, is called as ‘Plastic’. Plastics are durable and degrade very
slowly, the chemical bonds that make plastic so durable make it equally resistant to natural
processes of degradation.

Now from the slide as you all can see that plastics can divided into two major categories,
that is Thermoset & Thermoplastics.

Now the question that hits in most of the mind is that what are they

First & foremost thermoplastic or thermosoftening plastic is a plastic polymer material that
becomes pliable or moldable at a certain elevated temperature and solidifies upon cooling.
Most thermosplastics have a high molecular weight. And thermosetting polymer, often caalled a
thermoset, it is a polymer that is obtained by irreversibly hardening a soft solid or viscous liquid
polymer. Curing is incuded by heat or suitable radiation and may be promoted by high presuure, or
mixing with a catalyst.

In the construction of flexible pavements, bitumen plays the role of binding the aggregate
together by coating over the aggregate. It also helps to improve the strength of the road.
But its resistance towards water is poor. Anti-stripping agents are being used. A common
method to improve the quality of bitumen is by modifying the rheological properties of
bitumen by blending with organic synthetic polymers like rubber and plastics. Studies on
this subject are going on both at national and international level.

Use of plastic along with the bitumen in construction of roads not only increases its life and
smoothness but also makes it economically sound and environment friendly. Plastic waste is
used as modifier of bitumen to improve some of bitumen properties Roads that are
constructed using plastic waste are known as Plastic Roads and are found to perform better
compared to those constructed with conventional bitumen. Further it has been found that
such roads were not subjected to stripping when come in contact with water. Use of higher
percentage of plastic waste reduces the need of bitumen by 10%. It also increases the
strength and performance of the road. Plastic increases the melting point of bitumen and
hence missing can be done in better and easier way. According to Dr. R. Vasudevan, Dean
ECA and Professor, Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajan College of Engineering, Madurai,
plastic waste replaces 10% to 15% of bitumen, and thereby saves approximately Rs.35000 to
Rs.45000 per kilometer of a road stretch.

Lets move towards the next slide which includes problem statement:-

The plastic wastes could be used in road construction and the field tests withstood the stress
and proved that plastic wastes used after proper processing as an additive would enhance the
life of the roads and also solve environmental problems.
The rapid rate of urbanization and development has led to increasing plastic waste generation.
As plastic is non-biodegradable in nature, it remains in environment for several years and
disposing plastic wastes at landfill are unsafe since toxic chemicals leach out into the soil,
and under-ground water and pollute the water bodies. Due to littering habits, inadequate
waste management system / infrastructure, plastic waste disposal continues to be a major
problem for the civic authorities, especially in the urban areas. As stated above, plastic
disposal is one of the major problems for developing countries like India, at a same time
India needs a large network of roads for its smooth economic and social development.
Scarcity of bitumen needs a deep thinking to ensure fast road construction.

So to brief you all well about literature review I would like to handover this to Aayush Aanand.

LITERATURE SURVEY:
The thought of using plastic in flexible pavement is started several years ago in India.
Plastic has played a very important role in increasing the strength of bitumen as well as
aggregate. Prof. C.E.G.Justo in 2015 stated that addition of plastic in bitumen enhances
the stability, strength, life and other desirable properties of bitumen.

 Miss Apurva J Chavan, (2013): States that small sized clean plastic which
is passed through 2-3mm sieve in chopping machine is used. The aggregate and
chopped plastic are blend together and heated thoroughly and plastic is well
coated on the aggregate. And in the bituminous mix design this coated aggregates
are used with bitumen combined together heated and the mix is used for
construction of pavement. This type of modern technology not only give good
strength also enhances road life also helps the environment unpolluted.

 Yash Menaria, Rupal Sankhla (2015): Stated that polyethylene,

polypropylene, and polystyrene are the main constituents or source of waste
 plastics. Where the softening point of this type of material ranges from 120˚C -
160˚C. These heated materials will do not generate any poisonous gases on
heating but it has good laminating property when spewed over the hot aggregate
at 160˚C. the importance of this study shows reduction in the cost of construction
as waste plastic used and increase in durability and strength is observed, the
combination of plastic binding with aggregates provide good stability.

 Nemade S. et al. (2013): States the use of chopped plastic in SDBC (Semi
Dense Bituminous Concrete) with PG (Penetration grade) of 60/70 in dry mix. In
this process the heated plastic covers a thin coating over the aggregate and mixed
with bituminous mix and tested for marshal stability and flow for 50 marshal
specimens with various Bitumen binder percentage by weight of Bituminous mix
and plastic by weight of bitumen binder all the specimens are evaluated. This
evaluation shows the 30% increase in the stability and 10% reduction in bitumen
content which in turn saving national economy and also eco-biodegradable
method of disposal of waste plastic. Also, it is observed that when ageing tested
is conducted no bleeding and less ageing is observed. And it is also observed that
no anti stripping agent is required in mix as after immersion in water for 96 hours
the coated aggregate show stripping hence it is evident that the coated aggregates
are less susceptible for water as compared with uncoated aggregates.
 Vikas R Agarwal, Saurav Anand Agarwal, and Nikhil Kale
(2016): Stated the to provide low-cost roads and environment friendly roads by
proper usage of waste plastic in hot bitumen mix to improve pavement
performance. Here Bitumen modifier is plastic to improve properties of mix, and
the pavement constructed with modified bitumen mix prove to be better
performed than conventional bituminous mix. Also, they are found to be less
affinity towards water and less stripping. Also, it is stated that use higher
percentage of plastic reduces Bitumen percentage by 10 also improves strength.

 Dr. R. Vasudevan: He states that the polymer bitumen blend is better binder
compared to plain bitumen. Blend has increased softening point and decreased
penetration value with a suitable ductility. When it is used for road construction
it can withstand higher temperature and load. The coating of plastics reduces the
porosity, Absorption of moisture and improves soundness. The polymer coated
aggregate bitumen mix forms better material for flexible pavement construction
as the mix shows higher Marshall Stability value and suitable Marshall
Coefficient. Hence the use of waste plastics for flexible pavement is one of the
best methods for easy and prevention of pollution and so on.

 Athira R Prasad etal (2015): He proves that the bitumen which is

conventional material used in the road construction can be partially replaced by
the waste plastic and rubber. They added rubber and PET in 3%, 4.5%, 6%,
7.5%and 8% in bitumen and found that the optimum content was obtained at 6%.
Thus, according to their study, the use of plastic in 6% by weight of bitumen
improves the pavement stability. And they found the use of PET bottle is best.
Therefore, the disposal of rubber and PET is best in the road construction.
Anurag V. Tiwarietal (2015): As plastics has non- biodegradable characteristics
 and are also harmful to human health therefore disposal of waste plastic is of
great concern to the environmental engineers. The roads in India are mostly
flexible type and made of bituminous concrete. As bitumen is been extracted
from naturally occurring crude oil therefore has its limitation on the availability
therefore there is the need of an alternative material. Their papers compose of
literature and processes for use of waste plastic in the construction of roads. And
also aims to reduce the environmental pollution created by plastic in economic
way by using the plastic waste in the construction of road.

 Bright Aforlaetal (2015): According to them by adding waste plastic the

property of bitumen has increased. With two per cent of polymer composition
with AC-10 bitumen can give AVC-20bitumen properties which will finally help
in improving the marshal stability design life strength and other desirable
property. The asphalt pavement shows saving in usage of bitumen as
consumption of waste plastic increases. The disposal of waste plastic in the
bituminous pavement construction is therefore a permanent solution and hence
which establish the safe and healthy environment.
 Mahesh M Barad (2015): Proves that modified bitumen by polymer shows
good properties as compare to normal bitumen. But if we add more per cent of
plastic in bitumen the blend gets separates on cooling. And which finally affect
the properties of bitumen. In the dry process the aggregate are coated with
plastic. The aggregate coated with plastic shows the improved binding properties
as due to increased area of contact between bitumen and polymer.

Now my friend Kartikey Gupta will going to explain you about the objective & Methodology of our
project.

OBJECTIVE: lets start with the obj. so our

Basic intention is to efficiently utilize the waste plastic in constructive way, however
main objectives of current project work are:
 To coat the aggregates with the waste plastic materials.
 To check the properties of bituminous mix specimen.
 To check the properties of bituminous mix specimen due to coating of waste plastic
materials.
To compare the properties of bituminous mix specimen with the properties of coated
aggregates.
Lets move on to the next slide.
Methodology:
Now we are going to see the methodology used in the projects . first we start with the test for
aggregate .

Test for agreegate:-

1. Sieve analysis :- Performing a sieve analysis is important when analyzing materials

because their particle size distribution can affect a wide range of properties such as
the strength of concrete, the solubility of a mixture, their surface area properties

2. Specific Gravity & Water Absorption Test [IS: 2386 (Part 3) 1963] :- Water
absorption gives an idea of strength of aggregate. Aggregates having more water
absorption are more porous in nature and are generally considered unsuitable. The
specific gravity of an aggregate is considered to be a measure of strength or quality of
the material. Aggregates having low specific gravity are generally weaker than those
with high specific gravity.

3. Aggregate Impact Value Test [IS: 2386 (part 4) 1963]:- The aggregate impact value
is a determining measure of resistance to sudden impact or shock. This is done to
measure the impact of fast moving vehicle on roads

4. Aggregate Crushing Value [IS: 2386 (Part 4) 1963]:- he aggregate crushing value
gives a relative measure of the resistance of an aggregate to crushing under a
gradually applied compressive load. This is done to measure the impact of slow
moving or stationary vehicles on road

5. Flakiness & Elongation Index Test [is: 2386 (part 1) 1963]:- This test gives the
percentage of flaky and elongate aggregate present in the total aggregate sample.
Flaky particles tend to orient in one plane and cause laminations which adversely
affect the durability of the concrete. Flaky aggregate was shown to have lower
compatibility and higher breakage . Highly flaky aggregates have more voids and
reduce the workability.
Now we are going to see test for bitumen.

Test for bitumen :-

1. Penetration Test [Is: 1203-1978]:- The penetration test of bitumen measures the
hardness or softness of bitumen by measuring the depth of penetration of standard
loaded needle in five seconds while maintaining bitumen sample temperature at 25 °C

2. Softening Point Test [Is: 1205-1978]:- The softening point shows the temperature at
which the bitumen gains a certain degree of softening

3. Ductility Test [IS: 1208-1978]:- Ductility measures the adhesive property of the
bitumen too along with its elasticity.

4. Viscosity Test::- The viscosity affects the ability of binder to spread, move into and
fill up the voids between aggregates.

5. Flash Point and Fire Point:- Flash and Fire Point Test of Bitumen is used to determine
the safe temperature up to which bitumen sample can be exposed.
 So, now I will request my fellow teammate Kumar Vinit to take this present further towards
the completion by explaing few of the important topics.

USE OF MATERIALS:
 Bitumen – 60/70,80/100 grade bitumen was used for the present study the important
quality of bitumen which has made bitumen a popular material is its excellent binding
property and get soften when heated. The bitumen for bituminous mixes for wearing
course with waste plastic shall comply with the Indian Standard Specifications for
viscosity graded paving bitumen IS 73. Guidelines for selection for the grade of
viscosity graded paving bitumen shall be under the IRC:111-2009.

 Aggregate – The aggregate is one of the important materials used for flexible
pavement construction. The property selected and graded aggregates are mixed with
bitumen to form hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement. Two types of aggregate are used like
course & fine and size used 20mm and 10mm.

 Filler – The filler for dense graded mixes shall comply with IRC :111-2009. 6mm
and stone dust & lime Used as filler.

 Waste plastic – Plastic is one of the materials which enhanced its binding property
when softened, Hence, this softened plastic material can be used as an effective binder in
bitumen.

IMPACT:
 The coating of molten-plastic over the aggregate will reduce water absorption. This
shows that the voids at the surface were reduced. Lesser the voids better the quality of
the aggregate. Otherwise, the air entrapped in the voids would cause oxidation of
bitumen resulting in stripping, pothole formation etc. Moreover, the presence of water in
the voids is detrimental to adhesion between aggregate and the binder namely bitumen.
Hence the aggregate with lesser voids is considered to be good for better road
construction. These observations help to conclude that plastic-waste coated aggregate
can be considered as more suitable material for flexible pavement construction.

SCOPE:-

◦ To eradicate potholes.

◦ To minimize global warming, greenhouse gases, and pollution.

◦ The lifespan of the roads can be increased.

 ◦ Eco-friendly in nature.

Future Scope of Bitumen Roads:

The main scopes of plastic roads are:

(i) Economic in terms of bitumen: The shredded

plastic in form of polymer covers the aggregates and

thus occupies a larger portion of the road reducing

the quantity of bitumen needed.

(ii) Efficient management of non-biodegradable

waste: Plastic is a harmful and non-biodegradable

waste responsible mainly for land pollution. Utilizing

it for road construction will result in its efficient

management.

(iii) Easy process without any new machinery: It is a

simple and easy technique which does not involve any

complex or new machinery.

(iv) Enhanced durability: The addition of plastic to

bitumen will help in improving the strength and

durability of the pavement.

A well constructed plastic bitumen road will result in the

following advantages:

 Strength of the road increased (increased Marshall

Stability Value)

 Better resistance to water and water stagnation

 No stripping and have no potholes in the pavement

 Increased binding and better bonding of the

bitumen mix

 Increased load withstanding property of road

  Overall consumption of bitumen decreases

 Maintenance cost of the road is almost nil

 The road life period is substantially increased

That’s it for all for the todays presentation

“What we usually consider as impossible are simply engineering problems… there’s no law of
physics preventing them.” 

With that being said now I would like to wrap up our presentation I hope you would have enjoyed
and learnt something from this.

Thakyou so much all of you for playing a role of such meritorious audience.

Now if anyone have any doubt from this presentation can ask in succession.