GENERAL INFORMATION Crushers are sometimes classified according to the stage of crushing that they accomplish, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary (see Fig. 14.2). A pri- mary crusher receives the stone directly from the excavation after blasting, and (Gyraory, ‘sone, roll, impact, or hammer mill) ratory, impact, rod mill ‘or ball mill) Sized products FIQURE 14,2 Aggregate processing steps.TABLE 14.2 The major tres of Crusher typeis = Geunie tegaie ‘Blake Overnead pivot . Single toggle: Overhead eccentric ‘Single rot Maximum 7: Double rit Bastmurn 3: Impact ‘Single rotor to isa Rouble: rote ie 383 Specialty crushers Rod runt q __8an GYRATORY CRUSHERS ‘Gyratories are the most efficient of all primary-type crushers. A gyrating man- le mounted within a deep bowl characterizes these crushers. They provide “ORtinuous crushing ection and are used for both primary and secondary crush- ing of hard, tough, abrasive rock. To protect the crusher from uncrushabbe objects and overload, the outer crushing surface can be spring-loaded or the mantle height may be hydraulically adjustable: Cone Crushers Cone crushers are used as secondary or tertiary crushers. They are capable of Producing large quantities of uniformly fine crushed stone. A cone crusher dif- fers from a true gyratory crusher in the following respects: A shorter cone A. smaller receiving opening Rotates at a higher speed, about twice thal of airrue gyraory Produces a more uniformly sized product PEPE Standard models have large feed openings for secondary crushing, and Bloduce stone in the 1- to 4-in. range. The capacity of a standard model is usu- ly rated based on a closed-size setting.CRUSHING EQUIPMENT SELECTION In selecting crushing equipment, it is essential that certain information be known prior to making the selection. The information needed includes, but is not necessarily limited to, these items: 1. The kind of stone to be crushed 2. The required capacity of the plant—needed output production 3. The maximum size of the feed stones (information concerning the size ranges of the feed is also helpful) 4. The method of feeding the crushers. 5. The specified size ranges of the product Example 14.3 illustrates a crushing equipment selection process. 14.7 The crushed stone output from a 36- by 42-in. crusher, with a closed opening of 2} in., is passed over a single horizontal vibrating screen with 14 -in. openings. If the permissible screen efficiency is 90%, use the information in the book to determine the minimum-size screen, expressed in square feet, required to handle the output of the crusher. (45.5 sf minimum), 14.8 The crushed stone output from a 24- by 36-in. jaw crusher, with a closed setting of 24 in., is passed over the 2- and the 1-in. openings of a vibrating screen. The permissible efficiency is 85%. The stone has a unit weight of 108 Ib/cf when crushed. Determine the minimum-size screen, in square feet, required to handle the crusher output. If the screening unit is 31 feet wide, what will be the nominal screen sizes? Screen lengths should be in integer dimensions of feet. 14.9 The crushed stone output from a 42- by 48-in. jaw crusher, with a closed. setting of 3 in., is passed over a vibrating screen having two screens, the first with 2} -in. openings and the second with 1} -in. openings. The: permissible efficiency is 85%. The stone has a unit weight of 110 Ib/cf when crushed. Determine the minimum-size screen, in square feet, required to handle the crusher output. If the screening unit is 4 ft wide, what will be the nominal screen sizes? 14.10 The crushed stone output from a 36- by 42-in. jaw crusher, with a closed setting of 4 in., is to be screened into the following sizes: 2} to 14 in., 1} to }in., and less than } in. A three-deck horizontal vibrating screen will be used to separate the three sizes. The stone weighs 115 Ib/cf when crushed. If the permissible screen efficiency is 90%, determine the minimum-size screen for each deck, expressed in square feet, required to handle the output of the crusher. If the screening unit is 4 ft wide, what will be the nominal screen sizes?Capacity, tons per hour pec equare foot $4 do dshad a bated a abatsd a ababad s Size of equare openings in. FIGURE 44.18 Screer-capacity chart. FABLE 14.7 Efficiency factors for aggregate screening Permissible 5 Efficiency ‘Boreon effistency (2%) ‘Tactor 25 1.00 50 28 85 150 80 ve 38. 200 FABLE 14.0 Deck fnciors for aggregate screening: For deck number = — Beck factor 2 O80 a e728 a 8:50 Deck Factors ‘This is a factor whose value will vary with the particular deck position for multiple-deck sereens. The deck factor values are given in Table 14.8, Aggregate-Size Factors “The capacities of screens given in Fig. 14.18 are based on screening dry mate- tial that contains particle sizes such as would. be found in the output of a repre- semative crusher, If the material to be sereened contains a surplus of small sizes, the capacity of the screen will be increased, whereas if the material con— tains a surplus of large sizes, the capacity of the screen will be reduced. Table 14.9 gives representative factors that can be applied to the capacity of a screen to correct for the effect of excess fine or coarse particles. TABLE 44.9 Agaregate-size factors for ecresning, Percent of aggregate ethan 4 the size ‘Aggregate fr ecreen opening. Size tector 10 0.55 20 B70 40 500 bo 120 8o V0 5o Veo 30 2Z0 Es 3:00