DESCRIPTION OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT FIRST AID SPORT

INJURY ON YOUTH ATHLETES OF GOLDEN STONE BRANCH

SILAT CURRENT IN BANYUMAS.
Cindy Ahlaimma Trianatasya1, Yuliarti2
1
Student of Nursing Study Program of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto
2
Lecturer of Faculty of Health Sciences of Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto
Email of Author : cindytrianatasya@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Background: P3K (First Aid) is an effort to help treat victims of accidents before getting more
thorough treatment from professionals. Pencak Silat matches in general are prone to injuries. This
is because in a match, athletes experience direct body contact with their opponents. Knowledge is
the result of the human senses, or the result of one's understanding of particular topic through
certain senses (sight, smell, hearing, etc.).

Purpose: To describe teenage athletes’ knowledge about first aid of sports injuries in the Golden
Stone branch of Pencak Silat in Banyumas.

Method: The design used in this research is qualitative method in the form of a phenomenological
study. This research uses purposive sampling technique. To collect the data, this research uses in-
depth interviews.

Results: All informants were able to correctly answer questions about treating bruises. All
informants were unable to answer questions about the management of sprained injuries. From the
research results of the five informants, only one can answer the handling of injuries to the nose or
mouth.

Conclusion: All informants can answer some of the questions asked, but some informants also
cannot answer the questions asked. They understand the importance of sports injury first aid but
sometimes when they experience an injury they become afraid.

Keywords:
Knowledge, First Aid in Accidents (P3K), Sports Injuries
Introduction
First aid (P3K) is an effort to help and treat accident victims (such as during pencak silat)
temporarily before getting more complete help from a doctor or nurse. That is, the assistance is not
a perfect treatment, but is only a temporary help given by the first helper who saw the victim first.
(Wulandini et al, 2017)
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015 accidents resulted in the
death of around 1.35 million people worldwide each year and caused between 20 to 50 million
people with injuries. WHO says young people are very vulnerable to injury, the main cause of
death for children and young adults aged 5-29 years. Developing countries have higher accident
injury rates, with 93% of deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. (WHO, 2015).
According to the results of Basic Health Research (2018) in Indonesia, the highest
prevalence is in the province of Central Sulawesi at 13.8%, while the lowest is in the province of
Gorontalo at 6.9%, for the Central Java region at 10% for injuries caused by injuries. interfere with
daily activities. The prevalence of head injury proportion by province is 17.9% Gorontolo province
has the highest prevalence, the lowest prevalence is 8.6% in South Kalimantan province, for
Central Java it is 10.1%. Injury prevalence according to male characteristics, namely 11% and
women are 7.4%. The prevalence for the proportion of injured body parts is the highest in the
lower limbs at 67.9%, and the upper limbs at 32.7%, in the head by 11.9%, in the back by 6.5%, in
the chest by 2. 6% and in the stomach by 2.2%. (Kementrian of Health RI, 2018).
Based on 2015 data from the Ministry of Youth and Sports (Kemenpora) Sports Injury
Management Study, 92% of athletes' sports injuries occurred during training from 133 respondents.
Among other things, sports injuries can be caused by impacts during training or competition,
muscle weakness, overuse or inadequate infrastructure. Activities that can cause sports injuries
include 30% sports, 35% games, 20% sports and health courses (PENJASKES) and 15% informal
games. (Ministry of Youth and Sports, 2015)
Judging from the competition in the pencaksilat competition category, in general they are
prone to sports injuries, both light and heavy injuries, this is because in a match, a fighter
experiences direct body contact with his opponent to attack, and will use punching, parrying,
kicking, throwing and locking techniques to make direct physical contact with the opponent for
surprise attacks in order to get the highest score. (Prakoso, 2018).
According to Notoatmodjo (2003) it is understood that knowledge is the result of cognition
and occurs after a person feels the object. Knowledge is an important field in the formation of one's
behavior (Ovent behaviour). (Nugroho & Ambardini, 2016). Knowledge is the result of human
senses, or the result obtained from one's understanding of something through certain objects (eyes,
nose, ears, etc.). (Wulandini et al, 2019).
Researchers often see injuries in a pencak silat championship match. For example, when the
POPDA (Regional Student Sports Week) match in Banyumas Regency in February 2020 (before
the covid-19 pandemic) in Gor Satria Purwokerto which was attended by ±200 teenage athletes in
Banyumas Regency and obtained results from interviews with teenage athletes who took part in the
Popda . Bruises and swelling of ± 20 athletes, Bleeding in the mouth of ± 10 athletes, sprains (on
the hands, sprains of the feet, and sprains of the fingers) a number of ± 17 athletes. Because pin
sports plikelihood pof injury is very.high risk of these injuries can occur in martial arts athlete pin
a match.
The results of a preliminary study conducted in October 2020 during a trial match between the
goldenstone pencak silat, the Pencak Silat University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, the Pencak
Silat Purbalingga, and the Banjarnegara pencak silat which were attended by 122 athletes
consisting of 89 Youth Athletes and 33 Adult Athletes. It was found that during the trial (try out).
competition, 10 athletes had bruises and swelling, 14 athletes had sprained injuries (Fingers,
Hands, Feet), 3 athletes Bleeding, 6 athletes had a history of injury. , and one of them is an athlete
participant who fainted unconsciously due to the impact, namely the leg kicked into the face.
Golden Stone Pencak Silat has 65 athletes consisting of 25 pre-teens and 40 teenagers. According
to the golden stone pencak silat coach, he said that injuries often occur during practice or
competition. And the usual injuries were bruises and swelling of ± 10 athletes, sprained injuries of ±
15 athletes and ± 5 athletes who had a history of injury. And there are some teenagers who have just
joined the practice of pencak silat which means they are still beginners and do not have sufficient
first aid knowledge to deal with these injuries. Knowledge of first aid is very important because it
affects the efficiency of handling victims in pencak silat athletes.
Method
Type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative using a phenomenological
approach to find out the phenomenon of many injuries, namely the knowledge of sports injury first
aid in youth athletes of pencak silat in the Goldenstone branch in Banyumas.
Datapcollectedpinpapproachesp qualitativepinstead ofpin the formpnumbers - the
numbersp,butpDatap Thep derivedp fromp manuscriptp interviewp,field notes, personal documents,
records memos, and other official documents. According to Moleong (2017:6)
Results And Discussion
a) Characteristics of Respondents
The results of the questionnaire that has been filled out by the five research informants
show that the age group of the research subjects is quite varied with the youngest age 15 years
and the oldest age 18 years according to the age category of teenagers.The origin of the
informants as a whole came from the Purwokerto and Baturraden areas.

Information Education Last Junior High School

Age Gender

15 years Informant II
Male Informant I,II,IV
17 years Informant III,IV,V

Female Informant III,V

18 years Informant I

b) Adolescent knowledge about First Aid Sports Injury

All athletes know Regarding first aid for sports injuries, all informants mentioned the factors
causing sports injuries, namely lack of warm-up. The main cause of injury during pencak silat
training at Goldenstone which often occurs in Goldenstone pencak silat athletes is internal
violence or the cause that comes from the person due to lack of warm-up.
Athletes also mentioned post-injury treatment, and many of the five informants answere that
they did not know how to handle post-injury.
Some athletes or informants were able to state the purpose of the ice pack and could state the
reasons why the ice pack should be wrapped in a cloth before being applied to the injured area
but there were also some informants who could not mention the reason.
The whole informant or athlete mention their opinion on first aid must be given quickly and
appropriately, of the five informants they give an opinion on first aid varied All informants
can answer some questions, but some informants also many can not answer the question
submitted. They understand the importance of first aid for sports injuries but sometimes when
they experience it or a close friend who has an injury they forget and are afraid to handle it
even though it has been taught by the coach or senior from goldenstone pencak silat.
This is in accordance with Notoatmodjo's (2010) theory. The higher a person's level of
knowledge, the easier it will be to receive information about
objects or related to knowledge. On the other hand, the lack of education will hinder the
development of one's attitude towards the newly introduced values.
c) Knowledge of First Aid for Bruising or Swelling Injuries
From the five informants or athletes, they correctly stated that the treatment for bruises or
swelling was using ice packs.
All of the informants were able to correctly answer questions about the management
ofbruises. This is because all of the informants have experienced bruises and can handle these
injuries, so that all of the informants can correctly answer questions about the treatment of
bruises.
In the results of the study, when the researchers observed athletes during pencak silat
training, there was no limit to how much energy a fighter could expend in performing punching,
kicking, parrying, evasion, slamming training techniques, so that collisions often occur which
can cause bruising, even though they have used safety equipment such as body protector. To
reduce bruising due to impact, namely by using safety devices such as deckers (bone
protectors), by tapping to strengthen muscles and joints, as well as dental protectors.
Most of the injuries suffered by athletes occurred during the match. Therefore, every pencak
silat athlete has more than one possibility of injury. Pesilat's ability to act to prevent and treat
injuries is still not optimal. Injuries can occur during training or competition, requiring special
attention and special medical care and treatment. Thus the appearance of pencak silat athletes
will achieve maximum performance (Yuliani, 2019)
d) Knowledge of Sprain Injury First Aid
Some informants or athletes stated that the treatment for sprains or sprains was massage
and others said that they were given ointments, balm, or counterpain. All informants were
unable to answer questions about the treatment of sprains. This is because the informants did not
know the procedure for handling sprains, even though they had experienced sprains, but when
they competed and suffered sprains, they asked for help from the medical staff to provide
treatment for the sprain Similarly, the research conducted by Chussusus (2015) The results of
the futsal sports research, sprains mostly occur in the lower extremities or lower limbs,
especially in the wrist.feet 21 injured. The most common form of injury was sprains of 30
players.
e) Knowledge of First Aid Injuries to the Nose or Mouth
Some athletes mention handling when there is bleeding in the nose or mouth due to
being hit by a kick or punch from an opponent. And there are athletes who say they don't
know how to handle bleeding in the mouth or nose.
From the results of the study, it was found that out of the five informants only one
informant could answer questions about handling injuries to the nose or mouth and causing
bleeding. This happened because the informants had never handled the injury, even though they
had experienced it. And they do not know how to treat injuries to the nose or mouth. Injuries to
the nose or mouth can occur due to impact when a punch or kick from the opponent's fighter
hits the face, causing bleeding in that area. Rudystina, A. (2012) said that skin injuries can
occur due to stabs, scratches, cuts, and others. Injury can result in bleeding. Bleeding occurs
due to damage to the walls of blood vessels that can be caused by impact. Heavy bleeding can
cause shock, which is a condition when some cells and organs of the body don't get enough
oxygenated blood.
f) Knowledge of Fracture Injury First Aid
Athletes cannot mention fractured first aid when practicing or competing because some
say they are afraid and others say they don't know how to handle it.
All of the informants could not answer questions about the treatment of fractures, this
was because the informants did not know the procedure for handling fractures, some of the
informants did not dare to see a friend who had a fracture. For cases of fractures that rarely
occur during training, cases of fractures often occur during provincial, national and
international competitions. When a fracture occurs during a match, the medical team usually
immediately takes care of it and will be taken to the nearest clinic.
According to Junaidi (2013), severe injuries in sports can also be caused by fractures.
Fractures can be classified into two, namely open fractures and closed fractures. An open
fracture is a broken bone sticking out.
A closed fracture is a bone that breaks but does not break the skin. The most common type of
fracture is a fracture in the forearm. The first aid action that can be done is by doing a splint. A
splint or splint is a lightweight and strong woven wire that serves to hold the broken bone from
moving. This aims to prevent the movement of broken bones, and give rest to the broken limb to
reduce pain so that it can accelerate healing.
g) Knowledge of Fainting First Aid
Some of the informants were able to correctly name first aid for treatment when they
were practicing and then fainted, and there were some informants who did not know how to
handle it.
Of the five informants, only three were able to answer questions about the management
of fainting, and the other two were unable to answer questions about the management of
fainting.
Syncope is a less serious problem, but in some cases it is associated with
underlyingproblems cardiovascular and increases the risk of sudden death. The types of
vascular syncope, cardiac syncope, neurological or cerebrovascular syncope, metabolic
syncope and situational syncope (Hardisman, 2014).
This is in line with Tobing's research (2019). The results showed that 10 people had good
knowledge of handling fainting with a percentage of 33.3%, sufficient knowledge was 11 people
with a percentage of 36.7% and 9 people lacked knowledge with a percentage of 30.0. %. The
researcher assumes that in this study, the knowledge of adolescent doctor junior high school
students on first aid for fainting/syncope at SMP Negeri 1 Tanjung.
h) Adolescent Experiences About First Aid Sports Injuries
Based on the results of the research, the five informants had experienced sports injuries.
From the aspect of injuries that were most often experienced by the goldenstone martial arts
athletes were sprains, ankle injuries, dislocation injuries. From the aspect of sports injury
assistance to the goldenstone pencak silat athletes obtained from the results of handling severe
and minor injuries,they were handled by the coach himself for a massage. From the aspect of the
causes of sports injuries in the goldenstone martial arts athletes, the results show that sports
injuries are most often caused by a lack of warm-up.
Seeing the result obtained that athlete suffered an injury due to lack of warm-up, their
body temperature had not risen, their muscles were not ready to be used for training or
competition, so they were not physically ready. Because athletes underestimate the dangers of
injury, and the importance of warming up. Besides that, the duration of the warm-up is less,
because at least the athletes warm up with the right duration, no less and no more, namely the
time needed to warm up is 10-15 minutes, a good warm-up will dilate blood vessels, ensuring
that the muscles are well supplied with oxygen. Warming up will also increase the temperature
of the muscles for optimal muscle flexibility and efficiency. By slowly increasing your heart
rate, warming up also helps minimize the stress on your heart when you start walking or
running.
 The results of the questionnaire that had been filled out by the five research informants
showed the frequency of the athlete's training duration at the golden stone branch training
ground. The length of training from various informants varied from the longest 5 years and the
shortest 1 year. The length of training on this criterion is based on the inclusion criteria of the
study, namely athletes who take part in training for 1-5 years.
i) Sources of information on Sports Injury First Aid
All informants or athletes said that the sources of information about sports injury first aid
that they often refer to are the trainers who teach and seniors who inform. Even though coaches
and seniors have taught them, there are some athletes who are still afraid to deal with injuries
and some still forget the handling of sports injuries that have been taught.
Knowledge can generally be obtained from information submitted by parents, teachers,
and the mass media. Education is very closely related to knowledge, education is one of the
basic human needs that is indispensable for self-development. Experience is the best teacher
(experience is the best teacher), the proverb can be interpreted that experience is a source of
knowledge, or experience is a way to obtain a truth of knowledge. This is in accordance with
the theory according to Notoadmodjo (2010) personal experience can also be used as an effort
to gain knowledge. This is done by repeating the knowledge gained in solving problems faced
in the past. A person's experience greatly affects knowledge, the more a person's experience
about something, it will also play a role in adolescent knowledgebigrespondents have received
information about sports injury first aid so that these respondents have sufficient knowledge.
Sufficient information about first aid about sports injuries is very useful for respondents where
respondents can help friends or themselves when experiencing sports injuries.
Conclusions
All of the informants were able to answer some of the questions asked, but some of the
informants were also unable to answer the questions asked. They understand the importance of first
aid for sports injuries but sometimes when they experience it or a close friend who has an injury
they forget and are afraid to handle it even though it's been taught.
All of the informants were able to correctly answer questions about the management of
bruises. This is because all of the informants have experienced bruises and can handle these injuries,
so that all of the informants can correctly answer questions about the treatment of bruises. All of the
informants were unable to answer questions about handling sprains, this was because the informants
did not know the procedure for handling sprains.
Someone we consider important or close to us, whom we expect approval for our every
move and opinion, someone we don't want to disappoint, or someone who is special to us will
greatly affect our knowledge of something. This is where a problem often arises in the lives of
teenagers because they want to try everything.The more senses humans use to receive information,
the more and clearer the understanding or knowledge obtained (Notoatmodjo, 2007).From the
results of the study, it was found that out of the five informants only one informant could answer
questions about handling injuries to the nose or mouth and causing bleeding.
Suggestions
a) For Researchers
The results of this study can be additional knowledge about first aid in accidents (P3K).
b) For Health Workers
Can provide information for health workers to always involve health workers in providing care
for athletes who have sports injuries.
c) For further researchers
Suggestions for further researchers are that researchers can examine the factors of knowledge
(Education, Experience, Age, Information) to increase knowledge and skills.
d) For the goldenstone pencak silat training branch
 The results of this study can be used as consideration for the Goldenstone Branch to be more
routine to provide knowledge and training to athletes so that their skills and knowledge can
increase.
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