Algebra - 3

Contents
• Binomial
• Inequality
QA - 19
CEX-Q-0220/18

Number of questions : 25

Binomial 6. In the expansion of (a + b + c)20, find

A. Number of terms?
1. How many terms in the expansion of B. Coefficient of a17b2c?
(a – b)30 will be negative if a and b are positive C. Sum of the coefficients
real numbers?
(1) 0 (2) 1 7. In the expansion of (1 + x + x2)20, find
(3) 15 (4) 30 A. Number of terms?
B. Coefficient of x4?
2. Which term is independent of x in the
8. Find the coefficient of x4 in the expansion of
15
 2 3 (1 – x + x2)5.
expansion of  x +  ?
 x (1) 35 (2) 45
(1) 8th term (2) 9th term (3) 60 (4) 75
(3) 10th term (4) 11th term
Inequality
3. The sum of coefficients of the terms which do
not contain odd powers of x in the expansion 9. How many of the following statements is/are
of (x + y)100 + (x – y)100 is universally true?
(1) 2100 (2) 299 A. If x > a; y > b then x – y > a – b
B. If x > a then x2 > a2
(2100 – 1) C. If a < x/c < b then ac < x < bc
(3) (2100 – 2) (4)
2
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3
4. Find the sum of the coefficients of all the
10. How many integer values of x satisfy
20
powers of x in  4x –  .
1
x −1 5 x + 4
 x  < < ?
3 7 5
(1) 220 (2) 0 (1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 4
(3) 420 (4) 320
11. If 20X < Y, 23(X – 1) > Y, and 21X + Y = 500,
5. The coefficient of x7 in the expansion of X and Y are both positive integers, the value
(1 – x2 + x3) (1 + x)10 is of X is
(1) 75 (2) 78 (1) 10 (2) 11 (3) 12 (4) 13
(3) 85 (4) None of these

QA - 19 Page 1
12. If 3 ≤ p ≤10 and 12 ≤ q ≤ 21, then the difference 19. How many integers a are there such that
between the largest and smallest possible 9x2 + 3ax + (a + 5) > 0 for all values of x?
p (1) 7 (2) 8 (3) 9 (4) 10
values of is
q
20. The range of values of x which satisfy the
29 29 19 19
(1) (2) (3) (4)
42 5 70 12 x 2 − 17x + 72
inequality ≥ 0 is
13. Given that –1 ≤ v ≤ 1, –2 ≤ u ≤ – 0.5 and 2x 2 + x + 18
(1) x ≥ 9 or x ≤ 8 (2) 8 ≤ x ≤ 9
vz
– 2 ≤ z ≤ – 0.5 and w = , then which of the
(3) x ≥ 9 (4) x ≤ 8
u
following is necessarily true? (CAT 2003(L))
(1) – 0.5 ≤ w ≤ 2 (2) – 4 ≤ w ≤ 4 21. What is the solution set for (x – 1) (x – 2)
(3) – 4 ≤ w ≤ 2 (4) – 2 ≤ w ≤ – 0.5 (x – 3) (x – 4) > 0?

14. A shop stores x kg of rice. The first customer 22. How many integers satisfy the condition
buys half this amount plus half a kg of rice. (x + 10) (x + 7) (x + 4) (x – 4) (x – 7) < 0?
The second customer buys half the remaining
amount plus half a kg of rice. Then the third 23. If x < y, then which of the following is always
customer also buys’ half the remaining amount true?
plus half a kg of rice. Thereafter, no rice is left
(x + y) xy
in the shop. Which of the following best (1) x < < y (2) x <
<y
describes the value of x? 2 2
(1) 2 ≤ x ≤ 6 (2) 5 ≤ x ≤ 8 (3) x < y2 – x2 < y (4) x < xy < y
(3) 9 ≤ x ≤ 12 (4) 11 ≤ x ≤ 14

15. Which of the following values of P satisfy the Challenging

inequality P(P – 3) < 4P – 12?
(1) P > 13, P < 51 (2) 24 ≤ P < 71
(3) 3 < P < 4 (4) None of these 24. The value of ( 21
C1 − 10C1 + ) ( 21
)
C2 − 10C2 +

16. The solution set of 2x2 – x – 3 < 0 in the set ( 21

C3 − 10C3 + ) ( C 21
4 )
− 10C4 + … +
of all real numbers x such that

(1) x < 1, x < −

3 3
(2) > x > 1
( 21
C10 − 10 C ) is
10

2 2 (1) 221 – 210 (2) 220 – 29

(3) –1 < x <
3
(4) –1 < x <
5 (3) 220 – 210 (4) 221 – 211
2 2
25. f(x) = (x2 – 100)(x2 – 81)(x2 – 64)...(x2 – 1)
17. Find x, if x2 – 5x + 4 ≤ 0 and x ≥ 3. < 0. How many values of x are possible that
(1) x ≥ 4 (2) 1 ≤ x ≤ 4
(3) 3 ≤ x ≤ 4 (4) x ≥ 3 p
satisfy the above inequality, where x = ,
q
18. What values of x satisfy x2/3 + x1/3 – 2 ≤ 0
p is any natural number and q = ±2.
(x is a real number)?
(1) – 8 ≤ x ≤ 1 (2) – 1 ≤ x ≤ 8 (1) 20 (2) 10
(3) 1 < x < 8 (4) 1 ≤ x ≤ 8 (3) 19 (4) 9

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Page 2 QA - 19
 QA - 19 : Algebra - 3 CEX-Q-0220/18
Answers and Explanations

1 3 2 4 3 1 4 4 5 2 6 – 7 – 8 2 9 1 10 4
11 3 12 1 13 2 14 2 15 3 16 3 17 3 18 1 19 3 20 1
21 – 22 – 23 1 24 3 25 2

1. 3 All the terms in which the power of (–b) will be odd, 6. A. Number of terms = 20 + 3 – 1 C = 22 C
2 – 1 2
will have a negative sign.
Therefore, the power of (–b) can be 1, 3, 5…29. 22 × 21
= = 231
Hence, required number of terms is 15. 2
B. (a + b + c)20 = {(a + b) + c}20
15
 2 3 = 20C0 (a + b)20 × c0 + 20C1 × (a + b)19 × c1 + …
2. 4 x + 
 x = 20C0 (a + b)20 × c0 + 20C1 × {19C0a19b0 + 19C1a18b1
Let the (r + 1)th term be independent of x. + 19C2a17b2 + … } × c + …
From the above expression the coefficient of
r
3 a17b2c is 20C1 × 19C2 i.e. 3420.
∴ Tr +1 = 15Cr (x 2 )15 −r ×  
x C. To find the sum of the coefficients, we need to
substitute a = b = c = 1.
⇒ 2(15 – r) – r = 0
∴ The required sum = 320.
⇒ r = 10
∴ 11th term is independent of x.
7. A. All the powers of x starting from 0 to 40 are
3. 1 Expansion of (x + y)100 + (x – y)100 present in the expansion of (1 + x + x2)20. Hence,
= (100C0 x100 y0 + 100C1 x99y1 + ... + 100C100 x0y100) the number of terms in the expansion is 41.
+ (100C0 x100(–y)0 + 100C1x99(–y)1 + 100C1 x98(–y)2 +
B. {(1 + x) + x2}2 = 20C (1 + x)20 + 20C (1 + x)19x2 +
....+ 100C100x0(–y)100) 0 1
20C (1 + x)18x4+ …
Clearly, all the terms containing (–y), (–y)3 ...(–y)99 will 2
get cancelled. From the above expression, the coefficient of x4
⇒ (x + y)100 + (x – y)100 = 2[100C0 x100 + 100C2 x98y2 ... is 20C × 20C + 20C × 19C + 20C × 18C .
0 4 1 2 2 0
+ 100C100]
All terms in the expansion of (x + y)100 + (x – y)100
8. 2 Here (1 – x + x2)5 = [1 – x (1 – x)]5
contain only non-odd powers of x
∴ Sum of the coefficients = (1 + 1)100 + (1 – 1)100 = 1 −5 C1 × 1× x (1 − x ) +5 C2 × x2 (1 − x )2
= 2100.

−5 C3 × x3 (1 − x ) +5 C4 × x 4 (1 − x ) – ...
3 4
4. 4 To find the sum of the coefficients of all the powers of
20 Only 3rd, 4th and 5th terms will give the terms of x4
x, we put x = 1 in the given expression i.e.  4x – 
1
.
 x In 3rd term, it is 5 C2 × x2 × x2
Hence, the required sum is 320.
In 4th term, it is −5 C3 × x3 ( −3 × x )
5. 2 Given expression is (1 – x2 + x3) (1 + x)10
= (1 – x2 + x3) (1 + 10C1x + 10C2 x2 + 10C3x3 + 10C4x4 + …
+ 10C7x7+ …+ x10) In 5th term, it is 5 C4 × x 4 × 1
∴ Coefficient of x7 = 10C7 – 10C5 + 10C4 So, the coefficient of x4 is
10.9.8 10.9.8.7.6 10.9.8.7 10 + (– 10) × (– 3) + 5 i.e. 45
= − + = 78.
3.2.1 5.4.3.2.1 4.3.2.1

QA - 19 Page 1
9. 1 A. Not always true. To get the maximum value, vz has to be the smallest
Example: If x = 3 & y = 4; a = 0 and b = –10 ( false) negative value and u has to be the highest negative
But if x = 3 & y= 4; a = -10 and b = 0 (true) value. Thus, vz has to be –2 and u has to be –0.5.
B. Not always true. For example, if x = 1 and a = –10
vz −2
(false) but if x = 4 and a = 3 (true) Hence, the maximum value of = = 4.
C. True only if c > 0 u −0.5

14. 2 Amount of rice bought by the first customer

x −1 5
10. 4 < ⇒ 7x – 7 < 15 ⇒ 7x < 22 ⇒ x < 3.333…
3 7  x 1
=  +  kgs
2 2
5 x+4
Again, < ⇒ 25 < 7x + 28 ⇒ –3 < 7x
7 5  x 1 x −1
Amount of rice remaining = x −  +  = kgs
⇒ x > –3/7 2 2 2
Hence, x = 0, 1, 2, 3 Amount of rice bought by the second customer
1  x − 1 1 x + 1
11. 3 From the first and the third equations, = × + = kgs
20X < 500 – 21X 2  2  2 4
Amount of rice remaining
8
⇒ 41X < 500 ⇒ X < 12
41  x − 1  x + 1 x − 3
= −  = 4 kgs
From the second and the third equations,  2   4 
23(X – 1) > 500 – 21X
1  x − 3 1 x +1
Amount of rice remaining = × + = kgs
⇒ 44X > 523 ⇒ X > 11
39 2  4  2 8
44
As per the information given in the question
Since X is an integer, X = 12
x +1 x − 3
= because there is no rice left after the
Alternative method: 8 4
Use answer choices. third customer has bought the rice.
One should pick 2nd option first as it is there in two Therefore, the value of x = 7 kgs.
options. If we try 2nd option first and it gives Hence, option (2) is the correct choice.
contradiction then two options gets eliminated.
So, take X = 11 and Y comes out to be 269 which Alternative method:
gives contradiction. Now, try the third option which is Take the values of x and try. We should take odd
the answer. values of x to get the integral values.
Take x = 5, which contradicts then take x = 7, which
p 10 5 satisfies the condition hence, option (2) is the answer.
12. 1 Maximum value of = =
q 12 6
15. 3 P(P – 3) < 4P – 12
p 3 1 P(P – 3) < 4(P – 3)
Minimum value of = = or P(P – 3) – 4(P – 3) < 0
q 21 7
or (P – 3)(P – 4) < 0
5 1 29 Hence, 3 < P < 4.
So, difference = − = .
6 7 42
Alternative method:
Use answer choices and get the answer.
13. 2 u is always negative. Hence, for us to have a minimum
vz
value of , vz should be positive. Also, for the least 16. 3 2x 2 + 2x − 3 x − 3 < 0
u
value, the numerator has to be the maximum positive 2 x (x + 1) − 3(x + 1) < 0
value and the denominator has to be the smallest (x + 1)(2x − 3 ) < 0
negative value. In other words, vz has to be 2 and u
has to be –0.5. 3
> x > −1
vz 2 2
Hence, the minimum value of = = –4.
u −0.5

Page 2 QA - 19
17. 3 We have 21. Let, y = (x – 1)(x – 2)(x – 3)(x – 4) > 0
x2 – 5x + 4 ≤ 0 The points where y = 0 are x = 1, 2, 3, 4
x2 – 4x – x + 4 ≤ 0 +ve – ve +ve – ve +ve
(x – 4) (x – 1) ≤ 0 1 2 3 4
⇒ 1≤ x≤4
For any value of x in the set ( −∞,1) ∪ (2,3) ∪ (4, ∞ ),
but, x ≥ 3
⇒ value of x the value of y would be +ve.
3≤x≤4
22. (x + 10)(x + 7)(x + 4)(x – 4)(x – 7) < 0
– ve +ve – ve +ve – ve +ve
Alternative method:
Option (2) cannot be the answer as it is given that – 10 –7 –4 4 7
x ≥ 3. for –ve value of the given expression, x = 5, 6, – 5,
Pick x = 5, which contradicts –6 and all the integers less than –10.
So, option (1) and (5) are eliminated So, x can take infinitely many values.
take x = 4, which satisfies hence, option (3) is the
answer. (X + Y)
23. 1 It is very apparent that the answer is (a), as
2
18. 1 x2/3 + x1/3 – 2 ≤ 0 ⇒ x2/3 + 2x1/3 – x1/3 – 2 ≤ 0
is the average of X and Y and should always lie
( )( )
⇒ x1/ 3 − 1 x1/ 3 + 2 ≤ 0 ⇒ – 2 ≤ x1/3 ≤ 1 between X and Y.
⇒–8≤x≤1
Alternative method:
Take any value of X and Y and try with the options.
Alternative method:
e.g. try X = 1 and Y = 0
We can use the options.
take x = –1 which satisfies the equation.
24. 3 Since, nC0 + nC1 + nC2 + … + nCn = 2n
So, option (3) and (4) eliminated.
Now, take x = 8 which contradicts the equation. and nCr = nC(n – r)
So, option (2) got eliminated.
So, nC0 + nC1 + nC2 + … to middle term = 2(n – 1)
Hence, answer is option (1).
∴ 21C0 + 21C1 + 21C2 + … + 21C10 = 220
19. 3 If 9x2 + 3ax + (a + 5) > 0 for all values of x,
⇒ 21C1 + 21C2 + … + 21C10 = (220 – 1) [3 21C
0 = 1]
then the discriminant of this quadratic expression must
be negative. Again,
∴ (3a)2 – 4(9) (a + 5) < 0 10C + 10C + … + 10C = 210
0 1 10
⇒ a2 – 4a – 20 < 0
⇒ (a – 2)2 < 24
⇒ 10C1 + 10C2 + … + 10C10 = (210 – 1)
So, from the given expression in the question
⇒ – 2.89 < a < 6.89
(220 – 1) – (210 – 1) = (220 – 210).
⇒ a = –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Hence, there are 9 such integral values.
25. 2 f(x) = (x – 10)(x + 10)(x – 9) (x + 9) ...(x – 1) (x + 1) < 0
+ – + – + – + – + – + – + – + – + – + – +
x 2 − 17x + 72
20. 1 We have ≥0 –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2x2 + x + 18
p
x= .
or x 2 − 17x + 72 ≥ 0 (3 2x 2 + x + 18 > 0) q

or (x – 9)(x – 8) ≥ 0 −19 −15 −11 −7 −3 3 7 11 15 19

So, x = , , , , , , , , , .
or x ≥ 9 or x ≤ 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

QA - 19 Page 3