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    Priya Dharshini V
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    21 views10 pages

    Bio Project Sample

    Uploaded by

    Priya Dharshini V

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    BIOLOGY vase INVESTIGATORY PROJECT: STUDY OF THE EF#ECT OF ANTIBIOTICS ON MICRO ORGANISMS PRESENTED BY R.SREENUPRIYA XIN eee 2obl344-2 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that, this biology investigatory project on the topic “STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTICS ON MICRO ORGANISMS” has been successfully completed by R.Sreenupriya of class Xll-l under the guidance of Mr.Suman in partial fulfilment of biology practical in the curriculum of AISSCE-CBSE, New Delhi for the academic year 2019-2020. \ » rede thdiee oe" eae Signatudse e xternal examiner _ Signature of internal examiner — Signature of principal ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank CBSE and my school for providing me with this wonderful opportunity. ! thank the biology department of the school along with my sir Mr.Suman for helping me out and lastly my friends and parents for supporting and encguraging me. ABSTRACT Antibiotics are the organic secretion produced by micro — organisms, which in low concentrations are antagonistic to the growth of other micro — organisms (mostly pathogens). Antibiotics have proved very useful in combating several bacterial diseases in man an animal. Soil is a natural medium that harbours several types of micro — organism. These micro- organisms can be frown on culture media. The effect of different types of antibiotics can be studied on the growth of micro - organism growing in culture medium. This is an important subject, therefore the study of effect of antibiotics on micro - organism has been taken for the present project. : An antibiotic can also be cl@sified according to the range of pathogens against which it is effective. Penicillin G will destroy only a few species of bacteria and is known as a narrow spectrum antibiotic. Streptomycin is effective against a wide-range of organisms and is known as broad spectrum antibiotic. ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE: Antibiotic resistance is the development of bacterial mechanisms that defeat the disruptive effects of antibiotics. As a result, antibiotics that used to cure specific diseases by preventing the growth of the associated bacteria no longer work. Such drug resistance becomes common as more and more bacteria change. Even when only a few of the bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic used, the non-resistant bacteria are killed off while the remaining ones multiply to continue causing the disease. When this happens repeatedly, the resistant bacteria become more common, and more cases of antibiotic failure occur. This is the situation at present. If the trend continues, eventually most bacteria will be resistant, and antibiotics will no longer be effective for disease control and prevention. For example, several kinds of bacteria cause pneumonia, and the type of antibiotic that breaks up bacterial DNA strands to prevent the bacteria from splitting is often used to control and cure the disease. For antibiotic resistant bacteria, these antibiotics can no longer br@k up the DNA strands. ZONE OF INHIBITION The size of the zone of inhibition indicates the degree of sensitivity of bacteria to a drug. In general, a bigger area of bacteria-free media surrounding an antibiotic disk means the bacteria are more sensitive to the drug the disk contains. zone of inhibition ‘A population of bactoria | grows, vulnerable to NY) antibiotics. Genetic mutations or gene transfer make small num- N bers of bactoria resistant ) to antibiotics. Antibiotics kill the vulnera- ble bacteria, leaving only the resistant bacteria alive. ‘The resistant bacteria are now able to grow rapidly. Resistant bacteria transfer their genes to new bacterial cells, creating even more antibaoterial resistance. HYPOTHESIS PENICILLIN is a narrow spectrum bacterium, Therefore, the chances of resistance of this antibiotic ayainst an unknown bacterium is not much. STREPTOMYCIN is used as a pesticide, to combat the growth of bacteria beyond human applications. it is also a broad spectrum of bacteria effective against both gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. The resistance of this bacteria might be more than that of the others. AMPICILLIN is also a broad-spectrum bacterium and used ina wide area. This has the ability to inhibit the bacteria better than that of penicillin. & EXPERIMENT ai: This project aims to find out how the frequent use of antibiotics affects bacteria resistance. This experiment is carried out using the

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