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Procedia Engineering 129 (2015) 480 – 487

International Conference on Industrial Engineering

Comparative evaluation of the vibration isolation properties of

a suspension with different flywheel dynamical absorbers of
the car body oscillations

I.M. Ryabova, K.V. Chernyshovb, Pozdeevc,*

a
Department of Automobile Transportation, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia
b
Department of Operation and Maintenance of Automobiles, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia
c
Department of Automatic Units, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract

The article is researching the vibration isolation properties of a flywheel dynamical absorber of the vehicle body oscillations. It is
noted that the authors have previously proposed additional flywheel dynamical absorbers with mechanical drives and it is proved
that they have improved the vibration isolation properties of the suspension system. However, such dynamical absorbers are
heavy. That is why there is being developed a flywheel dynamical absorber with hydraulic drive containing a hydraulic cylinder
and a hydraulic machine with a flywheel. The theoretical research identifies the parameters of the hydraulic drive, providing the
minimum value of the sprung mass oscillation amplitude in the area of low-frequency resonance, and it is found out that the
flywheel dynamical absorber with the hydraulic drive features a lower suspension mass and better vibration isolation properties
than the flywheel dynamical absorber with a mechanical transmission.
©©2015
2015The
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Authors. Published
Published by by Elsevier
Elsevier Ltd.Ltd.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering (ICIE-
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2015).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering (ICIE-2015)

Keywords: dynamical vibration absorber; flywheel; hydraulic machine; hydraulic cylinder; vibration isolation properties; car.

1. Introduction

In the monograph [1] published in 1976, it’s referred to the using appropriateness of the dynamical vibration
absorbers of the car wheels in the form of additional spring-loaded weight. Conducted theoretical and experimental
research of such absorbers [2-12] showed their effectiveness. However, for damping car body oscillations such the
dynamical absorbers are not applicable due to their large mass.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +7-987-643-8514 .

1877-7058 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering (ICIE-2015)
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.12.157
 I.M. Ryabov et al. / Procedia Engineering 129 (2015) 480 – 487 481

E-mail address: avp24897@mail.ru

The flywheel dynamical absorbers of the body oscillations in which the flywheel is driven in rotation by a
mechanical transmission (Fig. 1, a) are proposed and studied in [12-24]. To avoid locking of the suspension at high
frequencies in such a drive the clutch with optimal parameters is used [13-22]. In [23, 24] it is shown that to reduce
the mass of the flywheel it’s necessary to increase the gear ratio of the mechanical transmission. However, it’s also
increases the mass of the transmission, which limits the possibility of reducing the mass of the absorber as a whole.
Finding ways to reduce the mass of the flywheel absorber of the body oscillations has led to the idea of using
hydraulic machine, connected by pipelines with a hydraulic cylinder (Fig. 1, b) as a flywheel drive [16, 25-30].

a b

1 1

m z m z

c J c
2 ig 2
k k ț 5

4
l 6
3 q 3
q
7

Fig. 1. (a) design schemes of suspensions containing flywheel dynamical vibration absorbers: with mechanical transmission of motion to the
flywheel, (b) design schemes of suspensions containing flywheel dynamical vibration absorbers with hydraulic transmission of motion to the
flywheel

This article is devoted to comparative evaluation of the vibration isolation properties of the considered flywheel
dynamical absorbers.

2. Mathematical model

Any hydraulic machines have volumetric leakages. If we assume that the volumetric leakages of the working
fluid in hydraulic motors and pumps are not available, so a constant volume (volume of fluid passing through the
hydraulic machine during one revolution of the shaft) of the hydraulic machine is connected with the stroke of the
piston in the cylinder by the dependence:

Q Fa xt (1)

where Fa is the cross sectional area of the annular cavity in the hydraulic cylinder of the vibration absorber, xt is the
stroke of the piston for one revolution of the flywheel.
The dependence of the flywheel rotation angle M from suspension deformation x can be determined by the
formula
x zq
I 2S 2S ˜ Fa ˜ (2)
xt Q
We denote a tranfer coefficient from the suspension deformation to the flywheel rotation:
482 I.M. Ryabov et al. / Procedia Engineering 129 (2015) 480 – 487

zq Q
b (3)
I2S Fa
Suspension dynamics with hydraulic flywheel vibration absorber without regard to leakages looks as follows:
J 
I  mz  k (z  q )  ɫ(z  q) 0 (4)
b
either
J
mz  k (z  q )  ɫ(z  q )  z  q)
( 0 (5)
b2
Here J and M are the inertia moment and the flywheel rotation angle; m and z are the sprung mass and its
displacement; c – stiffness of the elastic element; k – coefficient of the shock absorber resistance (damping factor);
q – kinematic perturbation.
We divide left and right part of (5) on m and get:

z  2h  z  q   Z02  z  q   J rel  
 z  q 0 (6)

In this equation:

c
Z02 (7)
m

k
2h (8)
m

2
J J § 2S Fɤ ·
J rel ¨ ¸ (9)
mb 2 m© Q ¹

Equations (4), (5) and (6) coincide in form with the corresponding equations of the suspension with the
mechanical drive of the flywheel without the handing over link and have the same solution [16]. So the solution of
equation (6) in the form of the dynamic factor represents the following expression

z0 (1  L 2 J rel ) 2  4\ 2L 2
Kz (10)
q0 (1  L 2  L 2 J rel ) 2  4\ 2L 2

When accounting for the volumetric leakages in a hydraulic machine, a mathematical model describing the
dynamics of the vibrating system, is complicated. When the flywheel is stopped during the movement of the rod-
piston in the hydraulic shock absorber fluid flows through the gaps in hydraulic machine, forming hydraulic
resistance, which in linear form is:

Fd.h. x st./fl.  N ˜ x st./fl. (11)

where x st./fl. is a speed of the rod-piston movement in the hydraulic cylinder when the flywheel is stopped; N is
a damping coefficient of the hydraulic drive.
 I.M. Ryabov et al. / Procedia Engineering 129 (2015) 480 – 487 483

Locking the flywheel does not lead to the stillness of the oscillating system in the presence of the volumetric
leakages. Thus, the presence of the volumetric leakages provides an additional freedom degree of vibrating system.
As an additional generalized coordinate we can consider the flywheel rotation angle ij.
When the flywheel rotates, power of the hydraulic resistance to the rod-piston movement in the cylinder depends
on the difference between the speed of the rod-piston movement and angular velocity of the flywheel rotation:

Fd.h. N  z  q  bI  (12)

Then the equality condition of the forces acting on the center of the sprung mass, and the equality condition of
the moments on the axis of a flywheel constitute a system of differential equations:

­m 
° z  k ( z  q )  c( z  q)  N z  q  bI
  0,
® (13)

°̄ J I  N ˜ b z  q  bI 0. 
The second equation of the system admits a lower order. Considering this and the expressions (7), (8), (9), and as
well as producing replacement

N
2F (14)
m

we get:

z  2h( z  q )  Z02 ( z  q)  2 F ( z  q )  2 F bI

­  0,
°
®  2F 2F (15)
°I  J I  J b ( z  q ) 0.
¯ rel rel

The dynamic factor of the system relating to the sprung mass is equal to

2 2
ª 2F 2 º ª 2F º
« Z0  (2h  2 F )Z 2 »  «Z02Z  2h ˜ Z»
Kz
z0 ¬ J rel ¼ ¬ J rel ¼
(16)
2 2
q0 ª 2F 2 § 2F · 2 º ª 2 2F º
« Z0  ¨ 2h  2 F  ¸ Z »  «Z0 Z  2h ˜ Z  Z3 »
¬ J rel © J rel ¹ ¼ ¬ J rel ¼

In relative parameters it is equal to

2 2 2

Kz
z0  2\ fl  (2\ d  2\ fl J rel )L 2  1  2\ 2\  Ld fl
(17)
2 2 2 2
q0  2\ fl  (2\ d  2\ fl J rel  2\ fl )L   1  L  2\ 2\  L
2
d fl

where:
h
\d (18)
Z0
484 I.M. Ryabov et al. / Procedia Engineering 129 (2015) 480 – 487

F
\ fl (19)
J rel Z0

Z
L (20)
Z0
The analysis of oscillatory systems with the flywheel absorber having the hydraulic drive without leakages
(analogue of the mechanical drive), shows that the amplitude-frequency characteristics of this oscillatory system
have the frequency at which the vibration amplitude of the vibration protection object (sprung mass) is equal to zero.
When deviation from this frequency is in the direction of increasing or decreasing the vibration amplitudes increase
considerably. This circumstance leads to the necessity of application in mechanical drives gearboxes with variable
gear ratio or the introduction in the drive to the dealer links, for example, a clutch.
We examine an oscillating system with a hydraulic drive of the flywheel for the existence of the invariant points
at which all of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the system with different values of the damping coefficient
of the hydraulic drive intersect. In the absence of damping:

4\ 2fl (1  L 2 J rel ) 2  L 2
Kz (21)
4\ (1  L 2  J relL 2 ) 2  (1  L 2 ) 2 L 2
2
fl

The considered system has two invariant points:

2 2
J rel  1  J rel 1 J rel  1  J rel 1
Linv1 , Linv2 . (22)
J rel J rel

The coefficients in the invariant points are equal, respectively:

J rel J rel
K inv1 and K inv2 . (23)
2 2
J rel 1 1 J rel 1 1

Invariant points break the whole range of relative frequencies into three intervals: (0; iinv1), (iinv1; iinv2) and
(iinv2;’). Oscillation amplitudes of the sprung mass are reduced with increasing damping in the hydraulic drive on
the second interval, and are increased on the first and third intervals.

3. Simulation results

Fig. 2 presents the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the considered system in comparison with the
amplitude-frequency characteristics of the system without flywheel absorber and the system with the flywheel
absorber having the mechanical drive.
 I.M. Ryabov et al. / Procedia Engineering 129 (2015) 480 – 487 485

a b

c d

Fig. 2. (a) amplitude-frequency characteristics of oscillatory system at \ fl 0,5 ; \ d 0,15 ; J rel 0,5 ;(b) amplitude-frequency
characteristics of oscillatory system at \ fl 0,5 ; \ d 0,15 , J rel 1 ;(c) amplitude-frequency characteristics of oscillatory system at
\ fl 0,5 \ d 0 , J rel 0,5 ; (d) amplitude-frequency characteristics of oscillatory system at \ fl 0,5 \ d 0 , J rel 1

Fig. 2 shows that the increasing a relative inertia moment lowers the natural (resonant) frequency of the system
and reduces the oscillation amplitudes in the first two ranges (up to the second invariant point), and increases them
in the third range. The existence of a standard shock absorber also reduces the oscillation amplitudes in the first two
ranges, and increases them in the third range. The damping in the hydraulic drive also affects the oscillation
amplitude of the sprung mass. The oscillation amplitudes of the sprung mass are reduced on the second range by
increasing the damping in a hydraulic actuator, and are increased on the first and third ranges. The amplitude of the
sprung mass at resonance depends on damping of the hydraulic drive. The minimum value of this amplitude is
reached with the relative damping factor \ fl | 0,5 for the parameters: \ d 0 and J rel 0,5 , and with the
relative damping factor \ fl | 0, 4 for the parameters:\ d 0 , J rel 1 .

4. Conclusion

Conducted research have shown that the dynamical flywheel absorber with hydraulic drive provides better
vibration isolation properties of the suspension than the dynamical flywheel absorber with a mechanical
transmission, because it provides smaller amplitude of the vehicle body oscillations in the area of low-frequency
resonance and at high frequency perturbations in the area after resonance.

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