THE CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES IN TOURISM AND

HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
Early Retirement Changing Demographics 

The increasing number of people who retire early  older population differs from those of younger
is beneficial for tourism and hospitality. population 

Longer Life Span Increase in number of single parent household 

Continuous growth in number of people traveling for

The increasing population of older, retired citizens
personal reasons rather than business
who are richer and are healthier provides a larger base?
of potential customers. Changing Vacation Patterns

Shorter Workweek The traditional two-week vacation is becoming less

The number of days an employee go to work per
week lessen, allowing them to have more leisure
time.
Greater Disposable Income
Due to higher wages and two-earned household
increases the portion of disposable income which can
be spent on consumer goods and services.
Greater Mobility
Improved roads and better transportation make it
easier to travel every year.
Smaller Families
popular. Vacations are becoming shorter and more
frequent
for an increasing number of people. Nowadays, more
people
plan mini vacations, combining two of their annual
vacation
days with a three-day holiday weekend to take a five-
day
mini-vacation.
Market Segmentation
Their aim was to appeal to a broad group of potential
visitors. In recent years, the success of the limited-
service properties has led to the development of other
properties intended to appeal to selected market
segments.

The average family size has decreased, which
allows them to travel easier and with lesser cost.
6 Types of Marketing Issues:
 Changing Demographics
 Changing Vacation Patterns
 Market Segmentation
 Frequent Guess Programs
 Maturation in Segments of the Fast-Food
Industry
 Consolidation in the Commercial Lodging
Industry
Frequent Guest Programs
Some lodging operators have begun to develop
programs to gain repeat
business. Modeled on the frequent-flyer programs
which were successfully used
by many airline companies, these plans give credits to
regular guests. They can
be redeemed in the form of reduced rates, upgrades,
free accommodations, free
meals, or any variety of amenities.
Maturation in Segments of the Fast-Food Industry
Segments of the fast-food industry are no longer
expanding
to the extent that was formerly possible. The demand
for
hamburger is not growing as fast as it once did, so
operators
find it necessary to develop new products to maintain
the
desired sales level.
Consolidation in the Commercial Lodging Industry
Some experts are now predicting that the number of
large
nationwide lodging companies will decrease in the
coming years,
that a small number of firms will dominate the lodging
industry by
aqcuiring smaller chains of regional or national
properties.
Legal Issues
Liquor Liability
The increasing number of alcohol-related accidents led
the public to pressure state legislatures to act. They
responded by lowering the level of blood alcohol in
which an individual is considered intoxicated and
increasing penalties on offenders. Some also imposed
new regulations on the serving of alcoholic beverages.
Ethics in Tourism and Hospitality
Ethics in tourism and hospitality industry has been the
issue for thousand of years and is most likely to remain
forever. Business practices of some operators of
tourism and hospitality establishments are questionable
4 ISSUES OF HUMAN RESOURCE
 SEXUAL HARRASMENT
 EMPLOYEE TURNOVER
 EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE PLANS
 EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT
SEXUAL HARRASMENT
Sexual harassment is unwelcome sexual behaviour
that’s offensive, humiliating or intimidating. It can be
written, verbal or physical, and can happen in person or
online. Anybody can experience sexual harassment,
regardless of their gender. When it happens at work,
school, sexual harassment may amount to a form of
discrimination.
EMPLOYEE TURNOVER
Employee Turnover is one of the major issues
confronting managers of tourism and hospitality
enterprises. With turnover rates averaging
approximately 100% per year, managers are always
faced with the problem of losing experienced
employees and hiring less-experienced employees as
replacement.
A common definition of employee turnover is the loss of
talent in the workforce over time. This includes any
employee departure, including resignations, layoffs,
terminations, retirements, location transfers, or even
deaths.
EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE PLANS
Employee Assistance Plans (EAPs) are included in the
discussion of major issues in the tourism and hospitality
industries because they are one of the long-term steps
to pay attention to the problems of their employees.
These issues is for those working in the tourism and
hospitality industries include psychological issues,
family issues, financial issues, legal issues, health issues,
and educational issues.
EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT
They empower their employees to make decisions that
will improve the quality of service to guest without
having a negative impact on operations.
In some tourism and hospitality establishments,
manager have developed rules and procedures that
employees are directed to follow.
These include rigid rules regarding checkout time,
prohibitions on free coffee refills, strict limits on the
number of hand towels per guest, and prohibitions on
substitutions on special dinner menus.
OPERATION ISSUES
The operation issues include:
 Automation
 Smoking/Non-smoking Areas
 Sanitation and Public Health
 Recycling solid waste
Automation
A process using electronic or mechanical equipment
and machinery to complete some or all the task
associated with the
The two primary reasons for automating an enterprise
are:
1. To increase the speed of work; and
2. To reduce the cost of work.
Automation in the travel industry is here to say,
Computerization will affect the industry principally in
three areas, namely:
1.Communications
Travelers frequently change their eternities to suit their
changing requirements. Much time at present is lost in
making alternative arrangements through
vendors or distributors from payphones, hotel rooms,
or secretaries’ phones. Portable communication data
units or (PCDUs), a portable telephone or computer,
allows business traveler to communicate with any travel
intity from any place including airlines and rearrange or
reconfirm this travel plane
2. Interactive CRT’s
Interactive television is now being used in some cities.
Within a few more years, more cities will be using it
period it is possible that much of the order placement
process will be shift to interactive television period
specific order forms can be programmed into a
database that can be assessed by any number of users.
If calls are reduced two one third by interactive CRT’s,
travel counselors will be reaching to productivity.
3.Elimination of tickets
There is no longer need for the travelers to carry an
actual document for an airplane or a hotel reservation.
It traveler may place the order about his inventing trip
on his interactive. Television and insert his travel card
into the appropriate lot of the side of the console. After
all of women's and the confirmation have been made,
the computer magnetically codes his card. The traveler
arrives at the airport goes to the appropriate gate and
as he enters the airplane right before he hangs up his
carry-on bag, there is a slot into which he simply sticks
his card. If the response is positive, he presses a button
and a receipt pops out of the wall.
Smoking/Non-smoking Areas
As more and more customers of tourism and hospitality
entities demand smoke-free areas for dining and
smoking free sleeping accommodations the industry
will continue to exert efforts to meet these demands.
This peace especially true in places in which legislation
orders those appropriate facilities be made available.
Hence, restaurants opportune section of their dining
facilities to accommodate the request of non-smokers
period some even install or improve ventilation
equipment.
Sanitation and public health
Proper food handling has always been an issue in the
industry.
Washing is necessity in food service such as the washing
of the hands of the employees, the washing of the fresh
food to remove chemical residue, as long as the torah
washing of China glasswares, pots, end pans that the
used in the preparation and service of food and
beverages
Recycling solid waste
In these previous years there has a gradual closing of
the landfills that we're used for disposing solid waste
and a growing awareness of the harmful effects of
either burning solid waste or damping it into the sea.
This has resulted in major waste disposal problem in
some places
In some cities, the cost of removing solid waste is
increasing to the extent that government and cities are
unable to pay. In many of these areas, separating
recyclable plastic, glass and other items from other solid
waste greatly decreases the quantities require disposal.
The trend toward recycling is likely to increase. Many in
the tourism and hospitality industry who have not been
previously affected by this issue will eventually find it
necessary to adopt a recycling program period.
Consumer Affairs Issues
Fire Safety
Fire safety has always been an important issue in
tourism and hospitality industry. Not just the fire itself,
but the dangers associated with it remains to be
considered. Smokes and toxic fumes coming from
burning furniture, fiber (artificial or not), carpets,
fixtures, draperies, upholstery, and other flammable
materials are sometimes more dangerous than the fire
itself.

Truth in Menus

Preparing truthful menus is an ethical practice that

should be never be violated. In some areas, consumer
production law have been passed so that those who
violet the regulations risk fines and loss of licenses. It is
important that those in tourism and hospitality industry
conduct their operations ethically in order that
consumers will have complete faith in the truth of their
menus, the wholesomeness of their food, and the
honesty of their business practices.

Diet/ Nutrition/ Health

The trend to healthier dining will surely continue,

Successful food service operators will have to give
greater attention to the nutritional content of food in
the years to come

THE FUTURE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

The World Travel and Tourism Council forecasts that

travel and tourism will grow at 40% to 50% in the next
10 years. This tremendous increase presents great
challenges and career opportunities for tourism and
hospitality graduates nowadays.
Future World Tourism and Hospitality Issues
Safety and Security in Tourism and Hospitality
The first issue of universal concern is the relationship of
tourism and hospitality to terrorism or, in the larger
context, to safety and security. Safety and Security,
particularly from crime and terrorism, have been very
important issues in the tourism and hospitality industry
for many decades.
National Tourism Safety Network
It is a group that was created by the South African
government composed of travel-related organizations.
This group has organized a Tourism Safety
Communication Strategy, which distributes tourism
safety tips to visitors and handles crisis communications
and management when incidents occur.
Important items to be included in a destination's
security strategy:
 destinations and attractions must compete on
their readiness to keep visitors safe and secure
 destinations that provide sound security
coupled with customer service will prosper
 the lack of comprehensive approach will create
a false sense of security
 all members of the local tourism and hospitality
system should be included when developing a
comprehensive tourism and hospitality strategy
 media coverage of a local incident can spread
the negative public relations effects to the
entire continent
 the safety development needs of the
components of the visitor experience and
establish a place for visitor’s experience,
including transportation, infrastructure,
accommodations, highway rest areas and food
sources should be assessed
 establish a place for visitors to turn to
THE IMPACT THE WORLD'S ECONOMY ON TOURISM
AND HOSPITALITY
The world economy has a major impact on the future of
international travel. With a flourishing world economy,
more people will travel. If there is a greater distribution
of a country's wealth, more people will have the
financial means to travel. According to the US Census
Bureau "World POP Clock Projection," the present
world population is more than 6.5 billion. China, India,
the United States, Indonesia, and Brazil are the five
most populous countries.
The UNWTO strongly encouraged tourism growth to the
world's poorest countries to bring out economic well-
being, social development and mutual understanding. If
other regional organizations such as the Asia-Pacific
Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for
Economic and Development (OECD), and others will
place tourism and hospitality as a high priority, the
economies of many countries will be strengthened.
MANAGING SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN A RESPONSIBLE
MANNER
The third tourism issue is managing sustainable tourism
in a responsible manner. Sustainable tourism is of
utmost importance at present and in the future.
Measures to advocate tourism agencies, host
communities, and travelers about sustainable tourism
must be continued as the world population increases.
Respect our natural and built environments will be the
country's legacy for future generations.
Sustainable tourism has been a major concern for
destination planning as well as regional and national
policy-making in the last decade. There are several
conferences on sustainable tourism held across the
globe every year.
TOURISM POLICY AND STRATEGIC PLANNING
Tourism policy and strategic planning is the fourth
major world tourism and hospitality issue. The
sustainable benefits of tourism and hospitality for local
communities will continue to grow in importance.
Goeldner and Ritchie states that, " Good policy and
sound planning need to be conducted to ensure that a
destination will be both competitive and sustainable.
While policies show the big picture and plans contain
the details, both deal with the future development of
tourism."
Using E-commerce Tools in Tourism and Hospitality
The fifth World Tourism and hospitality issue is the use
of e-commerce tools in tourism and Hospitality. More
than 50% of Travelers in the United States use the
Internet in Planning their traveler and vacations. This
occurrence is Growing Globally.
A positive effect in developing destination website is affect tourism are AIDS, SARS and foot and mouth
that developers can find good websites that are similar disease.
to their destination and copy their features.
Effects of Natural Disasters on Tourism and
Tourism and Hospitality Education and Training Hospitality

The sixth major tourism and hospitality issue is tourism
and hospitality education and training. Globalization
and Innovation will be the outstanding feature of
tourism and hospitality education and training in the
future.
Many initiatives and changes are already taking place,
new trends include the collaboration between tourism
agencies and educators of tourism colleges and
Universities to address the changing needs of the
tourism and Hospitality industry.
Emerging Tourism and Hospitality Markets
The Seventh Major tourism and Hospitality Issue Refers
to emerging tourism and hospitality markets. China and
India are two emerging tourism and Hospitality markets
in the near future. Each country’s economy is exploding
and a greater segment of the population is anxious to
travel.
Natural Disasters have a devastating impact on the
tourism and Hospitality Industry. People avoid travel to
those affected areas. Once this occur, there will be
limited opportunity to use tourism and hospitality to
restart the economy or to obtain new revenues to
reinvest in the Tourism industry and in the well-being of
the local resident.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND TOURISM HOSPITALITY
Global warming is a growing concern for travelers. The
recently published research by the World Wildlife Fund
documents the ecological footprint of HUMAN
ACTIVITIES around the world, many of which are
embodied in international travel and tourism. Climate
Change can cause a ripple effect in tourism and
Hospitality. Climate change will affect which certain
location will tourist visit and what time of the year.

Quality Tourism and Hospitality Products and

Experience

The eight major Tourism and Hospitality issue that

exploit that tourist demand greater variety, flexibility,
and quality in their tourism and hospitality products
(Edgell,2008). Quality in Tourism and Hospitality
experience is usually HIGH on the tourist list

Partnership and Strategic Alliances in Tourism and

Hospitality

New partnerships are occurring such as the partnership

between the UNWTO and the meeting industry on
Nov.28,2006 in which the United Nations Tourism
Satellite Account will measure the global economic
contribution of the meeting Industry.

The impacts of Health Issues on Tourism and

Hospitality

Most travelers avoid the areas that have high health

risk. Disease spread more rapidly due to travel,
particularly through international aviation. Fear of
disease reduces travel demand. Other Diseases that
SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY
Sustainable management of tourism and hospitality
means achieving quality growth in manner that does
not deplete the natural and built environments and
preserve the culture, history, and the heritage of the
local community.
Natural environment consists of the natural
surroundings such as:
 An attractive landscape
 A pleasant seashore
 Lovely forest
 Flora and fauna of the area
Built environment consists of built structures such as:
Sustainable and hospitality practices to protect the
natural, built and cultural environments can be a viable
means of providing a community or destination
economic growth and an improved quality life.
Managing Sustainable Tourism and Hospitality
Enhancing understanding among nations and
Promoting a culture of peace will make people
see that sustainable tourism and hospitality
development can take place.
There is a need for tourism and hospitality policy
and planning to guide the development of
infrastructure.
Throughout the world, many local destination
managers and governments acknowledge the
monetary value of tourism and hospitality which
results in demands for new measures to support
sustainable tourism and hospitality practices.

 Historic buildings
WHAT ARE THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS?
 Museums
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known
 Lodging as the Global Goals, are a universal call to action to end
poverty, protect the planet, and assure that all people
 Attractions enjoy peace and prosperity.

Cultural environment refers to: The SDGs give clear guidelines and targets for all
countries to follow based on their own priorities and
 Culture the current world environmental challenges

 Heritage The SDGs are an inclusive program formed to look into

the root causes of poverty and bind all individuals to
 Arts help alleviate it.

 History The SDGs provides us with a common plan and agenda

 Social interactions of the people in their local
surroundings
Carrying capacity is the largest number of people a
destination can efficiently manage within its given
environ and management capabilities. Also, a number
of visitors an area can accommodate with high levels of
satisfaction for visitors and few negative impacts on
resources.
to tackle some of the pressing challenges facing our
world such as poverty, climate change, and conflict.
UNDP has the experience and expertise to drive
progress and help support countries on the path to
sustainable development.
What is UNDP’s role?
The SDGs came into effect in January 2016, and will
continue to direct UNDP policy and funding for the
next 15 years.
As the lead UN development agency, UNDP is tasked to
help carry out the goals in 170 countries and territories.
CURRENT TRENDS IN SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY
Conservation International and National Geographic
Traveler magazine created in 2002 the World Legacy
Awards to recognize outstanding businesses,
organizations, and places that have contributed very
much in promoting the principles of sustainable
tourism.
The National Geographic Traveler, in its March 2004
issue, published criteria to measure the extent to which
worldwide tourism destinations follow the best
practices in a sustainable tourism and hospitality
development.
These criteria are the following:
 Environment and ecological quality;
 Social and cultural integrity;
 Condition of any historic building and
archeological site;
 Aesthetic appeal;
 Quality of tourism and hospitality management;
and
 Overall outlook for the future.
The concept of sustainability as a resource development
and management philosophy is penetrating all the
levels of policy and practice related to tourism and
hospitality, from local and global.
The concept of using sustainable tourism and hospitality
development as an economic stimulus to achieve
growth while maintaining the natural and built
environment is receiving much attention from industry,
government, and academic sectors.
GLOBAL IMPACT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY
Globally, the interest to tourists in sustainable
tourism and hospitality has grown tremendously since
the beginning of the 21st century.
Sustainable tourism and hospitality policy in the world
nowadays is apositive approach which amis to maintain
quality tourism and hospitality products in order to
satisfy the growing domestic and international market
for environmentally sound tourism and hospitality
experiences.
Hence, when useless ineffective management tools are
used, tourism and hospitality can lead to a degradation
of the environment.
The following are the principles contained in the Code
of Ethics for Tourists published in the PARKS CANADA
VACATION PLANNER:
 Enjoy our diverse natural and cultural heritage
and help us protect and preserve it;
 Assist us in our conservation efforts through the
efficient use of resources including energy and
water;
 Experience the friendliness of our people and
the welcoming spirit of our communities. Help
us preserve these attributes by respecting our
traditions, customs, and local regulations;
 Avoid activities which may threaten wildlife or
plant population or which may be potentially
damaging to our natural environment; and
 Select tourism and hospitality products and
services which demonstrate social, cultural and
environmental sensitivity.
THE BENEFITS OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY
Tourist attractions in both the natural and built
environments are important factors for economic
growth.
Unspoiled natural ecosystems, well-maintained historic
sites, and cultural heritage events can produce
economic and quality of life benefits
Satisfied visitors are likely to be repeat visitors and can
surely contribute to the economic growth of tourism
and hospitality of a local community.
The economic benefits of successful sustainable
tourism and hospitality management include:
 Developing new business
 Expanding job opportunities
 Increasing income
 Marketing new products
 Improving infrastructure
 Encouraging diversification
 Integrating the local economy and special
 opportunities with other services and products
 Promoting community pride; and
 Higher quality of life to the local population
The key to sustainable tourism and hospitality is to
manage the destination effectively to provide benefit to
the local population, to enrich the visit of the tourist,
and to preserve the tourism and hospitality products for
future generations to enjoy.
Tourism And Sustainability Paradigm in The Philippines
Tourism development in the Philippines has been
evolving in the past 40 years. In 1970, the focus had
been on undifferentiated mass tourism. The main
strategy was to boost tourist arrivals in order to
maximize tourism revenues for both government and
private businesses.
In 1990 saw the advent of sustainable development as a
tourism development paradigm. Its key principle have
slowly been integrated in tourism-relevant planning and
development
Three Dimensions of Sustainable Development
 Economy
 Society
 Environment
The concept of sustainable tourism development does
not require us, who are in the present, to forego our
needs or sacrifice our happiness for the sake of future
organizations. However, we are reminded to satisfy our
needs without denying the future generations the
chance to also address their own needs or happiness.
Swidden agriculture, also called shifting cultivation,
is the intermittent clearing of forests for staple food-
crop production. After one or more harvests, a longer
fallow period follows, which restores the productivity of
the land
Framework for Understanding the Interaction of the
Three Dimensions of Development
Connelly's Ven diagram provide a simple framework to
analyze the three dimensions of development (Connel
2007, in Tanguay, Rajaonson and Therrien 2011).
Develop is said to be sustainable when all three
dimensions are fulfilled in a balance manner.
Development is deemed viable when there is a balance
between environment and economic goals; it is
equitable when there is a balance between economic
and social goals, and liveable when there is a balance
between environmental and social goals
Status of Sustainable Tourism Initiatives should be utilized as a total for community
development

Since 1987 there have been significant advancement in

the conceptualization and practice of sustainable
tourism development. Of late, another dimension has
been floated to add to the concept of the triple bottom
line. The forth one is that of climate responsiveness,
which was floated by the UNWTO at Davos in 2007
(Becken 2008).

Limitations of Tourism as a Tool for Sustainable

Development

Moscardo (2007) debunked the myth of tourism as a

tool for sustainable development. First, she cited
Johnson and Wilson (2000) who argued that realities in
local political structures often mean that not everyone’s
voice will be heard concerning a proposed tourism
project.

His combined lack of understanding (Reid et al. 2004 in

Moscardo 2007) and limited experience of tourism
(Pearce et al. 1996 in moscardo 2007) by resident
themselves mean that decisions tend to be dominated
by (local elites) and external agents, such as consultants
and NGO staff. This violates the principle of multi-
stakeholder participatory decisions-making

Collins (1999) in Moscardo (2007) also stated that the

orientation of tourism to marker economy prevent
tourism form fully contributing to sustainable
development. Moscardo (2007) maintained that the
belief that the belief that tourism can be sustainable in
its own right results in

 The propensity to consider tourism in isolation

to other activities (Butler 1999);
 The widespread and uncritical use of tourism
planning models that look at communities only
as resources for tourism (Hall 2000); and the
focus on sustainable development, which
disempowers local stakeholders in the tourism
and management process (Moscardo 2007).

Moscardo ( 2007) perceived that tourism needs to be

re-conceptualized as just one of many possible
development options. She stated that the emphasis
should not be on sustaining tourism per se but the
community as a whole. Thus, instead of using the
community as a resource for tourism development, it