Chapter 3 Test v1 Answer Sheet Biology

Cell Structure and Function

Name: Quang-Minh Pham

Record all answers on this Answer Sheet.

Multiple Choice
1. C 6. A
2. A 7. A
3. C 8. D
4. B 9. D
5. C 10. B

Complete the Chart

11. supplies usable chemical energy for the cell.

12. Produces proteins and lipids and also breaks down certain substances
13. lysosomes
14. Packages and processes proteins
15. Nucleus
16. Links amino acids to create proteins
17. chloroplasts
18. cytoskeleton
19. vesicles
20. Fluid-filled sacs that store materials

Matching

21. C
22. D
23. A
24. E
25. B

Short Answer

26. The structure in the diagram, the cell membrane or the plasma membrane, has a function of
protecting the cell and filtering materials that go in and out of the cell.

27. The name of the model that describes the arrangement of molecules within this structure is
the fluid-mosaic model.

28. The polar phosphate heads of the phospholipids are hydrophilic; therefore, they can face
and come into contact with either the cell’s outer environment or the cytoplasm. However, the
fatty acid chains of the phospholipids, or tails, are nonpolar and hydrophobic; thus, there has to
be a second layer of phospholipids so that the fatty acid chains do not make contact with water.
This then creates a phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane with the polar and hydrophilic
phosphate heads facing the cell’s outer environment and cytoplasm while the fatty acid chains
face each other on the inside of this bilayer.

29. The four things that are found in all cells are the cell membrane, the cytoplasm, DNA, and
ribosomes.

30. Diffusion is the normal and natural movement of materials across a cell membrane. There
are no other organelles or cell parts involved in this process. On the other hand, facilitated
diffusion is the process by which materials are moved across the cell membrane by transport
proteins or protein channels.

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a cell membrane down the concentration gradient and it
requires no energy input from the cell; contrastingly, energy from the breakdown of adenosine
triphosphate is required for active transport to be carried out and materials are moved against
the concentration gradient in active transport.