MODULE: 6

LEARNING AREA: MUSIC 10

QUARTER: SECOND QUARTER
TOPIC: Afro-Latin American Music and Popular Music

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the historical and cultural background of Afro-Latin
American and Popular Music; and
2. explore ways of creating sounds on a variety of sources suitable
to the chosen vocal and instrumental selections;

Start Up
INTRODUCTION
What do you know about the music of Africa? Are you aware that African
music could be hardly separated from African dance?
Thus, it is widely known that African musicians who played their musical
instruments also must move their body. Most African music is performed
through singing, either in solo or in a chorus, with or without instrumental

MUSIC 10 SJS Junior High School

accompaniment or human rhythmic body movements. Unique articulation of
voice is one of the major characteristics of African singing.
Music is part of the holistic activity through song and dances the culture and
traditions are preserved and maintain.
Moreover, it is generally agreed that sound recording is not enough to be
able to understand and appreciate African music. One should do sound
filming to be able to get a good understanding of African music.
Do you know that African music is also incorporated in Latin American? The
reason for this influence is the transportation of African slaves to the
Americas by European settlers.
Both African and Latin American music has a wide variety of styles that is
why they are well-loved and popular all over the world.

PRE-ASSESSMENT: Unveiling What You Know | Time Allotment: 5 min.

What are the types of African and American music that you have heard
already? Go over this list and put a check (/) after each word.
African Music / Latin American Music /
Maracatu Ballad
Blues Bossa Nova
Soul Tango
Spiritual Jazz Rock
Call and Response Hip-hop
Rock
Reggae

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 Work It Out
Let’s Discuss | Time Allotment: 15 min.

What is an African-Latin Music or Afro-Latin Music?

African music is a rich and diverse
cultural heritage that exists in
hundreds of different languages. The
music in Africa always has the
technique of “ can and response” in
which a person leads by singing a
phrase and followed and answered by
groups of singers.
This group of singers usually perform by singing and using percussion
instruments played either by hands or with sticks, drums, and others, and
they use them also for communication, to convey news, to teach, to tell a
story, and for religious purposes; this includes maracatu.
The history of Afro-Latin
American music can be traced
during the European
colonization and slave trade in
Africa. Latin America is
comprised of different regions
such as the Caribbean Islands,
Mexico, and Central and South Americas which are diversified cultures of

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Europeans, Moors, Mexicans, and other tribes of Africa. Their music is
identified by their rhythms, which they adapted from the elements of
Moorish music and other African and Caribbean music in the slave trade
from 1550 to 1880. The enslaved Moors of North America in 1776 were
prohibited from playing drums, but in the Congo square in New Orleans,
Caribbean slaves were free to play their drums for recreation and
entertainment and communication.
By the 18th and 19th centuries, African music
started through the spread, development,
and canonizing of rhythm in the Caribbean,
and during this period another art
containing a rich mix of musical cultures
was born in North America. It included the
corporation of drums and rhythms from Africa, and the use of cymbals from
India, in combination with the harmony, instruments, and musical
syncopation which was call jazz.
African rhythm called Maracatu
Maracatu is known for its strong beats from percussion instruments. The
Maracatu is a dynamic rhythm, first appeared in the African State of
Pernambuco. The maracatu groups were called Nacao, which mean nation,
who paraded with large drumming ensemble and accompanied by a singer,
chorus, and dancers.

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 Characteristics of Afro-Latin American Music
These are the characteristics of Afro-Latin American Music:
1. Conversation (Call and Response): a performance of voice
interaction as an answer to the first chant.
2. Improvisation: Non-scripted singing which allows for sincere
conversation. It is a framework where the artists have freedom in
creating the musical mood.
3. The voice is an instrument. It is the manipulation of a freely
controlled piece where they can change the tone of voice, its tempo,
the creation of moods, and even changing the range and vocal power.
4. The instrument is voice. The instrument serves as a “singer” along
with the performer.

AFRICAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENT

WIND SECTION

Flute

Whistle

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 STRING SECTION

Fiddle Lute
Harp Zither

PERCUSSION SECTION

D y e m b e

M b i r a

Sansa

Drums are the center of almost all music and dance performance. It is
believed that drum makers charms within the drums and they contain the
spirits that guide the player.

TYPES OF AFRICAN DRUMS

Hand Drum Stick Drum Slit Drum Water Drum

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 VOCAL FORMS OF AFRICAN MUSIC
1. Blues
It is a musical form that evolved from African Americans during the
latter part of the nineteenth century. It is an expressive and soulful
style of singing. The form incorporates many genres of African
American musical traditions, folk-music, spiritual beliefs, and songs
used for everyday living. It features chants, shouts and ballads.
2. Call and Response
African music allows the audience to be active participants in their
music performances.
A lead singer announces an opening phrase or call, and the chorus
utters a response. The lead singer repeats and makes a variation of
the call while the chorus responds their simple part

3. Soul
It refers to gospel-style music with secular lyrics. It is a popular
music genre that evolved in the united states between the 1950s-
1960s. It combines genres of gospel music, RNB, and jazz of the
African-American. Handclaps and body movements are important
features of the soul.

4. Spiritual

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 Also known as Negro spiritual, is a type of religious folk songs. The
text is mostly religious psalms from Biblical passages. It is also used
in call and response activity.

LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC, JAZZ MUSIC AND POPULAR MUSIC

What is Latin American Music?

The rhythm and styles of Latin American music are influenced by the United
States and other countries in Europe like Spain and Portugal. Latin music is a
combination of four musical elements: musical styles, cultural backgrounds,
language, and geography. Some of the musical styles include tango, bossa
nova, merengue, salsa, and also other genres such as reggae, jazz, rock, and
Latin pop.

Different musical instruments used in Latin-American

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 Bombo- It is a dual-headed drum made from a deep
tree trunk with patches made up of calf or goat skin;
it is played by using two sticks.

Chajchas- It is a rattle made up of dried hooves from

sheep, llama, or goat and is work with a wrist cloth
bracelet.

Zamponas- It is a panpipe-type of reed made of

pieces of bamboo that are tied together.

Charango- It is a string guitar made from the shell of

an armadillo.

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 Quena- It is a flute made of bone or bamboo that has
a vertical notched reed.

Cajon- It is a rectangular box made of wood and

played and used as a drum. It is used by tapping its
front part while the musician sits on it. It is also
known as a bear-box.

Maracas-These are instruments made of gourd-like

coconut shells with beans, seeds, or small pebbles
placed inside; they are played by shaking.

Claves- These are a pair of hardwood sticks played

by striking them together.

VOCALS AND DANCE FORMS OF LATIN

AMERICA

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Cumbia

It is a type of dance and music similar to salsa and uses instruments

like accordions, guitars, and percussions.

Tango

This is a lively and spirited dance of two

people. It is a passionate kind of dance that
shows expression and connection and is
performed in a traditional or modern style.

Cha-Cha

This is a Latin American ballroom dance with a fast

basic pattern of three steps with a shuffle. It is also
has a fast rhythmic pattern.

Bossa Nova

It is a style of music that was derived from samba,

which is original Brazilian music. It gives more
emphasis on percussion and melody.
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 Paso Doble

It is Spain’s traditional couple of dance. It

uses music that is traditionally played in
bullfighting.

Reggae

This is a Jamaican form of music and

dance with strong accented and
supplementary beats. In the 1960s, it
was known as the ska and is a
variation of rhythm and blues. The
most popular artist of this genre is
Bob Marley.

Rumba

This is a kind of song and dance which

originated from Cuba. It has a percussive
rhythm and a combination of Cuba’s
musical and dance traditions.

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Foxtrot

It is a ballroom dance of two quick

slow steps and two quick steps and is
executed alternately in 4/4 time
signature.

JAZZ MUSIC

Just like other music with different origins, jazz is a type of music of African
American origin. It started in the early 20th Century with syncopated beats,
improvised sounds, and a regular and forceful rhythmic pattern. The
instruments that are commonly used in jazz are woodwind instruments,
piano, and brass instruments. Sometimes, it uses guitar and violin for swing,
jazz bebop and Dixieland.

Different types of jazz music:

1. Ragtime is piano music wherein a syncopation is the

displacement of an accent from the strong beat to the weak beat.
2. Big band and Swing it was said to be improvisatory with a fast
tempo and danceable beat.
3. Bebop is a highly complex modern jazz style played by a small
combo without written music.

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 4. Jazz-rock is the adaptation of rhythms styles of rock rhythm and
tone colors. The combination of jazz and rock was called jazz
fusion.

POPULAR MUSIC

Popular Modern music or “Pop Music” is an ample and imprice category of

modern music not defined by artistic considerations but by its potential
audience or prospective market. Pop music is said to be the music of the
majority, something appreciated or has appealed to many. It is the “People
Music”. It is the same with folk music, which is enjoyed by many cultures.

Genres of Popular Music

1. Ballad
Ballad is traditional folk music performed by a soloist that expresses
a tale in a strophic form. It is transferred from one generation to
another by oral performances rather than written works.

2. Rhythm and Blues

Rhythm or Blues are also known as RnB, is the black popular music
of the 1950s. It is a combination of different popular music genres
like jazz, gospel, and blues. It is a quadruple meter with danceable
speed.
3. Rock and Roll

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 Rock and roll is a popular style that evolved in the 1950s from a
combination of rhythm and blues and country-western music
characteristics.
4. Disco
Disco is a style of popular music in the 1970s and is a distinguished
form of dance music. A dance-oriented nightclub that first appeared
in the 1960s.
5. Rap
Rap is a spoken word delivered quickly in rhymed verses. It is rock
music that evolved in the 1970s. It is accompanied by hip-hop music.
6. Broadway Musical
It is a counterpart of opera in popular music is the broadway
musical.

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 Integrate

How do you think should a musician from Africa and Latin American
background be able to effectively conveys ideas, emotions, and expressive
content during his/ her performance?

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

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 TRY THESE!
A. Enumeration| Time Allotment: 5 min.
Vocal Forms of African Music

1. ____________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________________

Vocal and dance forms of Latin America

5. ____________________________________________________________________
6. ____________________________________________________________________
7. ____________________________________________________________________
8. ____________________________________________________________________
9. ____________________________________________________________________
10. ___________________________________________________________________
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 CHALLENGE YOURSELF
Assess and Learn| Time Allotment: 10 min.

Answer the given questions in 3 – 5 sentences only. Be guided by the given

rubric.

Points
5 Response is thorough and contains relevant support
4 Response is sufficient and contains some relevant support
3 Response is somewhat sufficient and contains limited support
2 Response is partial contains limited support
1 Response is vague
0 No response at all

1. If you will be given a chance to create an original musical

composition using the different African musical instruments, and vocal forms
of Latin-American music, what will be the content of your composition? Whom
you will dedicate your original composition and why?

_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. “ Music reflects the culture and life of people in a particular place
and time”. Relate this statement to our lesson on Afro-Latin American Music?
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

3.Explain your personal preference when it comes to popular music. Is

it expressive of your personality?

___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

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 HIGH FIVE!
As you are finishing this learning module, as a learner I
want to ensure that learning is achieved! Cite 2 essential
learnings you gained, 2 ideas that you what learn further, and 1
question related to our concluded discussion.

________________________________

________________________________ ______ _______________________________

________________________________ ______________________________

REFERENCES

TEXTBOOKS

 Cipriano, Fabella, Hernandez, Lacia, Libiran, Limos, Solano Ed.D., Solis.

The 21st century MAPEH in Action-Revised Edition 2018. 856 Nicanor Reyes
Sr. St., Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Bookstore, Inc.
 Jugute L.R, Miranda, Q.S, Sacdalan G.E, San Jose, M. T. R.
MAPEH For Today’s Learner 10. Copyright 2018. The Phoenix Publishing
House Inc.,

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Key to Correction

Try These!

1. Blues
2. Soul
3. Spiritual
4. Call and Response
5. Cumbia
6. Tango
7. Cha-cha
8. Bossa Nova
9. Paso doble/Foxtrot
10. Reggae/Rumba

For clarifications/questions about the topic, you may contact me through:

Messenger – account name: Clang Pangilinan Cortan
Cellphone No. 09126071792

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